UNDERSTANDING AUTHORITARIAN LIBERAL REGIMES
... Commodity-based production suffers from international competition, because its goods are in demand, but in order to expand, states have to constantly seek new fields for crops, new mineral deposits and new labor reserves to grow. Volume, rather than productivity rate is the driving force of producti ...
... Commodity-based production suffers from international competition, because its goods are in demand, but in order to expand, states have to constantly seek new fields for crops, new mineral deposits and new labor reserves to grow. Volume, rather than productivity rate is the driving force of producti ...
The wider economic impacts of transport investments
... The role of public authorities in this context is to ensure sufficient operating environment for the private firms to engage in profitable business. Transport infrastructure is an integral part of the economic process. The local and national authorities and governments have the power to decide, how ...
... The role of public authorities in this context is to ensure sufficient operating environment for the private firms to engage in profitable business. Transport infrastructure is an integral part of the economic process. The local and national authorities and governments have the power to decide, how ...
Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences
... shadow economy: “Unfortunately, there are many important issues that we do not have room to discuss, most notably the vast literature on the underground economy which exists in part as a means of evading taxes.” 6 Still, there are some connections between these two research areas. See for example Fe ...
... shadow economy: “Unfortunately, there are many important issues that we do not have room to discuss, most notably the vast literature on the underground economy which exists in part as a means of evading taxes.” 6 Still, there are some connections between these two research areas. See for example Fe ...
E G conomic Statistics in eorgia
... Statistical law protects confidentiality and independence of statistical information ▪ Semi-centralized statistical system ○ Responsibilities are clearly defined for agencies involved in the production of the Core Set ○ Plans are currently being implemented to improve coordination of production of e ...
... Statistical law protects confidentiality and independence of statistical information ▪ Semi-centralized statistical system ○ Responsibilities are clearly defined for agencies involved in the production of the Core Set ○ Plans are currently being implemented to improve coordination of production of e ...
Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: New
... An increase of the shadow economy can lead to reduced state revenues which in turn reduce the quality and quantity of publicly provided goods and services. Ultimately, this can lead to an increase in the tax rates for firms and individuals in the official sector, quite often combined with a deterior ...
... An increase of the shadow economy can lead to reduced state revenues which in turn reduce the quality and quantity of publicly provided goods and services. Ultimately, this can lead to an increase in the tax rates for firms and individuals in the official sector, quite often combined with a deterior ...
PDF Download
... to increase the role of the state in the economy. His nationalization program started with a major land reform in 1952, in which land ownership was redistributed to the poor and small farmers in order to benefit them and to increase their landownership so as to increase their income and standard of ...
... to increase the role of the state in the economy. His nationalization program started with a major land reform in 1952, in which land ownership was redistributed to the poor and small farmers in order to benefit them and to increase their landownership so as to increase their income and standard of ...
E N conomic Statistics in ew Zealand
... ○ Responsibilities are clearly defined for agencies involved in the production of the Core Set ○ Plans are currently being implemented to improve coordination of production of economic statistics ...
... ○ Responsibilities are clearly defined for agencies involved in the production of the Core Set ○ Plans are currently being implemented to improve coordination of production of economic statistics ...
UNDERGROUND ECONOMY AND FISCAL POLICIES MODELING*
... 3 - An accelerated increase in the size of the underground economy, usually caused by a rise in the overall burden of taxes and regulations, may lead to an erosion of the tax base (the Laffer's curve principle), a decrease in tax receipts and thus to a further rise of the budget deficit. Moreover, i ...
... 3 - An accelerated increase in the size of the underground economy, usually caused by a rise in the overall burden of taxes and regulations, may lead to an erosion of the tax base (the Laffer's curve principle), a decrease in tax receipts and thus to a further rise of the budget deficit. Moreover, i ...
Chapter 01 Limits, Alternatives, and Choices
... 24. From an economic perspective, when consumers leave a fast-food restaurant because the lines to be served are too long, they have concluded that the: A. marginal cost of waiting is less than the marginal benefit of being served. B. marginal cost of waiting is greater than the marginal benefit of ...
... 24. From an economic perspective, when consumers leave a fast-food restaurant because the lines to be served are too long, they have concluded that the: A. marginal cost of waiting is less than the marginal benefit of being served. B. marginal cost of waiting is greater than the marginal benefit of ...
The Economic Impact of Saratoga Gaming and Raceway
... the local and state economy using data for 2007. While horse racing impacts the agricultural segments of the economy, its effects are not limited to those segments. Economic activity in the agricultural sector will have impacts on other industries in the region and many of the activities at Saratoga ...
... the local and state economy using data for 2007. While horse racing impacts the agricultural segments of the economy, its effects are not limited to those segments. Economic activity in the agricultural sector will have impacts on other industries in the region and many of the activities at Saratoga ...
The Legacy of Luigi Einaudi and Wilhe lm Roepke William F
... the “peasant” way of life which has nothing to do with medieval serfdom. Einaudi clears Roepke from the charge of being a reactionary apologist for the medieval way of life, and he goes on to agree that the land is a way of life that goes beyond calculation. He also points out that Roepke wishes t o ...
... the “peasant” way of life which has nothing to do with medieval serfdom. Einaudi clears Roepke from the charge of being a reactionary apologist for the medieval way of life, and he goes on to agree that the land is a way of life that goes beyond calculation. He also points out that Roepke wishes t o ...
Development of a Macedonian Logistics Services Firm - E-DNRS
... The challenge for Macedonia, Logistics, is to develop capacities (companies and government agencies) in order to improve the performance of the organizations they support which can lead in final term of impede progress in the whole country. Strengthening that kind of institutions will also help the ...
... The challenge for Macedonia, Logistics, is to develop capacities (companies and government agencies) in order to improve the performance of the organizations they support which can lead in final term of impede progress in the whole country. Strengthening that kind of institutions will also help the ...
Corruption and the shadow economy: like oil and vinegar, like water
... from otherwise official trade in goods and services, e.g., through monetary or barter transactions. Thus, all economic activities that would generally be taxable were they reported to governmental (tax) authorities are part of the shadow economy. This paper, however, uses the following more narrow d ...
... from otherwise official trade in goods and services, e.g., through monetary or barter transactions. Thus, all economic activities that would generally be taxable were they reported to governmental (tax) authorities are part of the shadow economy. This paper, however, uses the following more narrow d ...
An Application of the Stock and Watson Methodology
... GDP at market prices (normalized so that 1992 = 100) in Figure 2.2. The constructed CEI represents the common state of the economy. It reflects only the pattern of the economic situation rather than the size of the economy or the magnitude of the growth of the economy. Therefore, it tells whether th ...
... GDP at market prices (normalized so that 1992 = 100) in Figure 2.2. The constructed CEI represents the common state of the economy. It reflects only the pattern of the economic situation rather than the size of the economy or the magnitude of the growth of the economy. Therefore, it tells whether th ...
new metropolitan frontiers: the south expansion of the - FAU
... Tupy language means “ the place of many oisters”) and stayed there until 1759, when they were expelled from the land by the Portuguese Crown. Shortly after the removal of the Jesuits, Reritiba became a village and received a different name: Vila Nova de Benevente. Its occupancy was that of coastal t ...
... Tupy language means “ the place of many oisters”) and stayed there until 1759, when they were expelled from the land by the Portuguese Crown. Shortly after the removal of the Jesuits, Reritiba became a village and received a different name: Vila Nova de Benevente. Its occupancy was that of coastal t ...
St. Kitts Nevis CES
... St. Kitts/Nevis has a dual system of administering land records. The title by Registration Act Chapter 279 provides for the registration of title of land in the form of a Certificate of Title. The majority of lands belonging to the Government are registered in the Land Registry of the Supreme Court. ...
... St. Kitts/Nevis has a dual system of administering land records. The title by Registration Act Chapter 279 provides for the registration of title of land in the form of a Certificate of Title. The majority of lands belonging to the Government are registered in the Land Registry of the Supreme Court. ...
WORKING PAPER SERIES
... has changed to a greater extent), investment rates are higher, and so is the productivity of investments. Dawson (1998) also supports the view that economic freedom has both direct and indirect effects, Gwartney, Holcombe and Lawson (2006) confirm this conclusion. The direct effect, i.e., the effect ...
... has changed to a greater extent), investment rates are higher, and so is the productivity of investments. Dawson (1998) also supports the view that economic freedom has both direct and indirect effects, Gwartney, Holcombe and Lawson (2006) confirm this conclusion. The direct effect, i.e., the effect ...
National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia
... effectiveness, or the corruption. Some other potential determinants are not included. Fourth, it may include both legal and illegal activities. The literature on the unrecorded economy has identified several potential causes. The first cause refers to taxes. The higher the taxes (including the socia ...
... effectiveness, or the corruption. Some other potential determinants are not included. Fourth, it may include both legal and illegal activities. The literature on the unrecorded economy has identified several potential causes. The first cause refers to taxes. The higher the taxes (including the socia ...
DISCRETIONARY POLICY VERSUS NON
... it can take the decision to decrease the fiscal pressure (or to make a convenient reorganisation of the general taxation). In other words, an explicit PP presumes to take formal decisions (an implement them) into the desired direction. The implicit PP obtains the variation of the target without an a ...
... it can take the decision to decrease the fiscal pressure (or to make a convenient reorganisation of the general taxation). In other words, an explicit PP presumes to take formal decisions (an implement them) into the desired direction. The implicit PP obtains the variation of the target without an a ...
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION Minimum
... converting a mass of quantitative data into a comprehensible form. Statistics also provides inductive techniques for using principles of mathematical probability to obtain generalizations from sample data that may be applied to the lager population. Probability and statistics have wide application i ...
... converting a mass of quantitative data into a comprehensible form. Statistics also provides inductive techniques for using principles of mathematical probability to obtain generalizations from sample data that may be applied to the lager population. Probability and statistics have wide application i ...
PDF Download
... quarter, exceeding its long-term average for the first time since the end of 2011. Although the current economic situation in the euro area brightened slightly, assessments remain unfavourable. High unemployment, public budget deficits and weak demand continue to plague several countries. The econom ...
... quarter, exceeding its long-term average for the first time since the end of 2011. Although the current economic situation in the euro area brightened slightly, assessments remain unfavourable. High unemployment, public budget deficits and weak demand continue to plague several countries. The econom ...
So what is economic success? Going beyond GDP
... long-term considerations, to ensure success is sustainable? ...
... long-term considerations, to ensure success is sustainable? ...
sample - Test Bank Corp
... 14) Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the total value of goods and services produced by a national economy within a given period regardless of where the factors of production are located. Answer: FALSE Explanation: GDP refers to the total value of all goods and services produced within a given ...
... 14) Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the total value of goods and services produced by a national economy within a given period regardless of where the factors of production are located. Answer: FALSE Explanation: GDP refers to the total value of all goods and services produced within a given ...
The cycle of births and deaths of U.S. employer micro firms
... It is constrained in its geographic outlook as a result of its focus on a narrow market niche mainly because of its resource scarcity as well as lack of awareness of broader national and international opportunities. Certainly, there are some micro firms that are ‘globally-born’, that is, they enga ...
... It is constrained in its geographic outlook as a result of its focus on a narrow market niche mainly because of its resource scarcity as well as lack of awareness of broader national and international opportunities. Certainly, there are some micro firms that are ‘globally-born’, that is, they enga ...