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structural and metabolic characteristic of gingival epithelium
structural and metabolic characteristic of gingival epithelium

... Sulcular epithelium has the potential to keratinize if1. If it is reflected and exposed to oral cavity. 2. The bacterial flora is totally eliminated. ...
Human Body Unit Review
Human Body Unit Review

... 25. Explain the relationship between the nervous system and the endocrine system. Include the structure that links the two together. ...
Bacterial skin infections
Bacterial skin infections

...  Lebrosy can affect people of all races around the world. it is most common among people with low standard of hygiene in warm, wet areas in the tropics and subtropics.  In most cases, it is spread through long-term contact with an infected person who has not been treated.  Most people will never ...
2. Equine Periodontal Anatomy
2. Equine Periodontal Anatomy

... welfare problem. Despite its importance, few scientific studies on its aetiopathogenesis have been ...
Atrophic Rhinitis - Department of Animal Science
Atrophic Rhinitis - Department of Animal Science

... affected pig’s feed-conversion efficiency and rate of gain. Atrophic rhinitis (AR) is the term commonly used to refer to the condition of a sneezing pig with a crooked, bleeding snout and tear-stained face. The term “atrophic” means that the turbinate bones inside the snout are shrunken and distorte ...
Dr Rocky Cranenburgh
Dr Rocky Cranenburgh

... Plasmid monomers in bacteria are recombined into dimers by RecA, which makes them unstable XerCD and accessory proteins PepA and ArgR convert dimers back to monomers by Xer site-specific intramolecular recombination at their recognition site psi, requiring accessory sequences (Ac. seq) Therefore DNA ...
Selective Renal and GI conditions
Selective Renal and GI conditions

... with disorders affecting the kidneys, more specifically glomerular disorders. It's characterized by having small pores in the podocytes of the glomerulus, large enough to permit proteins (proteinuria) and red blood cells (hematuria) to pass into the urine. • By contrast, nephrotic syndrome is charac ...
Lab 1 Structure of bacterial cells. Microscopic observation of bacteria
Lab 1 Structure of bacterial cells. Microscopic observation of bacteria

... Differences in colony morphology are very useful for separating bacteria in mixtures and as clues to their identity. In liquid media bacteria may grow as: a turbidity, sediment or as a film on the surface of culture. Both liquid and solid media are simple and enriched (e.g. with serum, blood or othe ...
Lab 1 Structure of bacterial cells. Microscopic observation of bacteria
Lab 1 Structure of bacterial cells. Microscopic observation of bacteria

... Differences in colony morphology are very useful for separating bacteria in mixtures and as clues to their identity. In liquid media bacteria may grow as: a turbidity, sediment or as a film on the surface of culture. Both liquid and solid media are simple and enriched (e.g. with serum, blood or othe ...
MF2269 Microorganisms and Foodborne Illness - K
MF2269 Microorganisms and Foodborne Illness - K

... commodities move through the food system. Some of these bacteria may spoil food as they produce acids (souring), long chains of carbohydrates (slimes), odoriferous compounds from protein (foul odor), and pigments (discolorations); sometimes they liquefy food. Other bacteria may cause illness if peop ...
African Journal of Biotechnology
African Journal of Biotechnology

... Lactobacilli predominate normal vaginal microflora and are important in maintenance of vaginal health. The current study set out to identify and compare culture isolates of vaginal microflora of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (HIV+) and HIV negative (HIV-) women at different phases duri ...
MICROBIOLOGY BIO 204 LABORATORY MANUAL
MICROBIOLOGY BIO 204 LABORATORY MANUAL

... The development, evolution, and the inventors involved in the microscope is quite interesting. Prior to 150, the magnifying glass was the best form of magnification and was not necessarily that advanced. In 1500, Zacharias Janssen and Hans, his son, invented a microscope that used two sets of lenses ...
Diarrhea - ISpatula
Diarrhea - ISpatula

... Kaolin is a natural hydrated aluminum silicate that has been used in the treatment of diarrhea since ancient Greek times. It is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and about 90% of the drug is metabolised in the gut and excreted in the feces. Pectin is a purified carbohydrate obtained from ...
Associative and Endophytic Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and Cyanobacterial Association
Associative and Endophytic Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and Cyanobacterial Association

... an indispensable tool for the classification and identification of bacteria. In contrast to other cellular RNA-species, the ribosomal RNA´s occur in very high copy number per active cell (up to 16.000). This enables an efficient labeling of physiologically active cells with rRNA-targeting fluorescen ...
Bacterial skin infections
Bacterial skin infections

... Propionibacteria, Acinetobacter , Pityrosporum and other Yeasts/Candida species. ...
Glencoe Biology - Mr. Jones Jaguars
Glencoe Biology - Mr. Jones Jaguars

... nutrients to the environment.  Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, called rhizobia, live in a symbiotic relationship in the root nodules of plants such as soybeans, clover, and alfalfa. ...
Beta-Lactamase Threat in Respiratory Tract Infections
Beta-Lactamase Threat in Respiratory Tract Infections

... Beta-lactamases are a group of enzymes secreted by certain bacteria, mainly gram negative, which act upon beta- lactam antibiotics and render them ineffective. Beta lactam antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins and some carbapenems. These antibiotics have a four carbon atoms ring, called as ...
Rhizosphere chemical dialogues: plant–microbe interactions
Rhizosphere chemical dialogues: plant–microbe interactions

... greatly in the accumulation of indolic and phenylpropanoid compounds upon infection with Pythium sylvaticum. On the basis of this report, one can hypothesize that the literature pertaining to the phytoalexin and phytoanticipin responses after leaf infections will differ from root infection studies. ...
View entire paper
View entire paper

... coastal and pelagic marine habitats reveal that only slightly more than half of prokaryotic phyla have been successfully cultured [46]. Conversely, genera such as Vibrio, Oceanospirillum, Roseobacter, and Alteromonas, which make up the bulk of commonly cultured marine bacteria [54], appear with mini ...
SIMPLE STAIN and the GRAM STAIN
SIMPLE STAIN and the GRAM STAIN

... The stains are dyes which stick to cells or cell parts by virtue of their charge or solubility properties. Most simple stains are dyes that have a strong positive charge; this is they are cations. Most proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids have a net negative charge. By adding the stain the cells, ...
What Are You Drinking, TEA?
What Are You Drinking, TEA?

... types of bacteria grows in tea  “The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which investigated the reports about iced tea, explained that theoretically tea could transmit disease if other bacteria survived the brewing -- a possibility with some organisms--and if they were allowed to grow ...
Flagellated Ectosymbiotic Bacteria Propel a Eucaryotic Cell
Flagellated Ectosymbiotic Bacteria Propel a Eucaryotic Cell

... ABSTRACT A devescovinid flagellate from termites exhibits rapid gliding movements only when in close contact with other cells or with a substrate. Locomotion is powered not by the cell's own flagella nor by its remarkable rotary axostyle, but by the flagella of thousands of rod bacteria which live o ...
preservatives1 - West Coast Institute of Aromatherapy
preservatives1 - West Coast Institute of Aromatherapy

... often responsible for bum and wound infections, urinary tract infections, and severe eye infections, which can result in conjunctivitis or loss of sight. Yeast usually prefer an acidic pH and room temperature for optimal growth. They are of concern due more to their effects on the aesthetics of the ...
LAB 2 (Data sheet 3
LAB 2 (Data sheet 3

... the jelly jar is opened. Toss out the whole jar! Molds and yeast also grow well in an acidic environment. ...
Multicellular Parasites
Multicellular Parasites

... Hookworms feed by sucking the blood of the host. More than 1,000 worms may be found in a single person, and the constant loss of blood frequently produces anemia. Children who acquire hookworms may be undernourished already, and the anemia resulting from hookworm disease may cause weakness, fatigue, ...
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Human microbiota



The human microbiota is the aggregate of microorganisms, a microbiome that resides on the surface and in deep layers of skin (including in mammary glands), in the saliva and oral mucosa, in the conjunctiva, and in the gastrointestinal tracts. They include bacteria, fungi, and archaea. Micro-animals which live on the human body are excluded. The human microbiome refer to their genomes.One study indicated they outnumber human cells 10 to 1. Some of these organisms perform tasks that are useful for the human host. However, the majority have been too poorly researched for us to understand the role they play, however communities of microflora have been shown to change their behavior in diseased individuals. Those that are expected to be present, and that under normal circumstances do not cause disease, but instead participate in maintaining health, are deemed members of the normal flora. Though widely known as microflora, this is a misnomer in technical terms, since the word root flora pertains to plants, and biota refers to the total collection of organisms in a particular ecosystem. Recently, the more appropriate term microbiota is applied, though its use has not eclipsed the entrenched use and recognition of flora with regard to bacteria and other microorganisms. Both terms are being used in different literature.Studies in 2009 questioned whether the decline in biota (including microfauna) as a result of human intervention might impede human health.Most of the microbes associated with humans appear to be not harmful at all, but rather assist in maintaining processes necessary for a healthy body. A surprising finding was that at specific sites on the body, a different set of microbes may perform the same function for different people. For example, on the tongues of two people, two entirely different sets of organisms will break down sugars in the same way. This suggests that medical science may be forced to abandon the ""one only"" microbe model of infectious disease, and rather pay attention to functions of groups of microbes that have somehow gone awry.
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