File
... system. The concentration gradient of each of these ions across the membrane helps determine the voltage of the membrane potential. Second, the quantitative importance of each of the ions in determining the voltage is proportional to the membrane permeability for that particular ion. That is, if th ...
... system. The concentration gradient of each of these ions across the membrane helps determine the voltage of the membrane potential. Second, the quantitative importance of each of the ions in determining the voltage is proportional to the membrane permeability for that particular ion. That is, if th ...
Neural network
... spikes called action potentials. • Spike originates in cell body, travels down axon（轴突）, and causes synaptic terminals to release neurotransmitters. • Chemical diffuses across synapse to dendrites of other neurons. • Neurotransmitters can be excititory or inhibitory. • If net input of neurotransmitt ...
... spikes called action potentials. • Spike originates in cell body, travels down axon（轴突）, and causes synaptic terminals to release neurotransmitters. • Chemical diffuses across synapse to dendrites of other neurons. • Neurotransmitters can be excititory or inhibitory. • If net input of neurotransmitt ...
Letter to Teachers
... created by Scholastic in partnership with the scientists of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). We are especially excited about this year’s poster because it incorporates the original artwork and slogan of a student who probably has much in common with the young people in your own classroom ...
... created by Scholastic in partnership with the scientists of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). We are especially excited about this year’s poster because it incorporates the original artwork and slogan of a student who probably has much in common with the young people in your own classroom ...
Chapter 8 & 5 powerpoint file
... Epinephrine - neurotransmitter/neurhormone, also called adrenaline, secreted by adrenogenic neurons ...
... Epinephrine - neurotransmitter/neurhormone, also called adrenaline, secreted by adrenogenic neurons ...
CHAPTER 14: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
... Acetylcholine (ACh) – neurotransmitter used in excitatory synapses between sympathetic preganglionic axons and postganglionic neurons; postganglionic axons then transmit action potentials to target cell At synapse with their target cells, postganglionic axons release one of three neurotransmitte ...
... Acetylcholine (ACh) – neurotransmitter used in excitatory synapses between sympathetic preganglionic axons and postganglionic neurons; postganglionic axons then transmit action potentials to target cell At synapse with their target cells, postganglionic axons release one of three neurotransmitte ...
Got diversity? Wiring the fly brain with Dscam
... interconnected by a network of highly precise and often complex patterns of synaptic connections. These patterns are scripted from developmental programs that give rise to the right type, location and number of neurons, the morphologies of their axons and dendrites, and the synaptic connections that ...
... interconnected by a network of highly precise and often complex patterns of synaptic connections. These patterns are scripted from developmental programs that give rise to the right type, location and number of neurons, the morphologies of their axons and dendrites, and the synaptic connections that ...
Table of Contents
... An area just forward of the primary motor cortex is where “mirror neurons” were first discovered accidentally in the mid-1990s. – May play a role in the acquisition of new motor skills, • the imitation of others, • the ability to feel empathy for others, • and dysfunctions in mirror neuron circuits ...
... An area just forward of the primary motor cortex is where “mirror neurons” were first discovered accidentally in the mid-1990s. – May play a role in the acquisition of new motor skills, • the imitation of others, • the ability to feel empathy for others, • and dysfunctions in mirror neuron circuits ...
Nervous System I
... The function of a neuron is to transmit information from one part of the body to another. • This is done in the form of electrical impulses. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the ...
... The function of a neuron is to transmit information from one part of the body to another. • This is done in the form of electrical impulses. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the ...
A part of the cholinergic fibers in mouse superior cervical ganglia
... trunk showed a GABA-like immunoreactivity, and there were few GABA-like neurons in the spinal cord. Because their argument was based upon indirect evidence, further direct evidence is needed to elucidate the source of the GABAergic projection to the SCG. The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAch ...
... trunk showed a GABA-like immunoreactivity, and there were few GABA-like neurons in the spinal cord. Because their argument was based upon indirect evidence, further direct evidence is needed to elucidate the source of the GABAergic projection to the SCG. The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAch ...
On the Role of Biophysical Properties of Cortical Neurons in Binding
... inhibition is effectively subtractive (Holt & Koch, 1997). In summary, given the level of detail of this simulation, the assumption that the postsynaptic effect of afferent action potentials is independent of the current value of the membrane potential seems to be a reasonable and useful approximati ...
... inhibition is effectively subtractive (Holt & Koch, 1997). In summary, given the level of detail of this simulation, the assumption that the postsynaptic effect of afferent action potentials is independent of the current value of the membrane potential seems to be a reasonable and useful approximati ...
reflex
... The afferent neuron then transmits an impulse to the spinal cord. The impulse will transmit through the ganglion then to the gray matter in the spinal cord. (Ganglion is a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies). ...
... The afferent neuron then transmits an impulse to the spinal cord. The impulse will transmit through the ganglion then to the gray matter in the spinal cord. (Ganglion is a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies). ...
8.2 Structure of skeletal muscle
... - Skeletal muscle fibers are functionally but not physically connected to the neuron - Think of how your voice travels from your mouth to your cell phone ...
... - Skeletal muscle fibers are functionally but not physically connected to the neuron - Think of how your voice travels from your mouth to your cell phone ...
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron
... In colloquial terms: if every PSP is important for the cortical neuron, it is difficult to separate the wheat from the chaff. Thus, a system that uses neurons operating as temporal integrators, and exclusively relies on rate coding might be robust with respect to ...
... In colloquial terms: if every PSP is important for the cortical neuron, it is difficult to separate the wheat from the chaff. Thus, a system that uses neurons operating as temporal integrators, and exclusively relies on rate coding might be robust with respect to ...
The Neurobiology of Addiction
... Although the positive reinforcing effects of drugs are critical for establishing addictive behavior, both positive and negative reinforcing effects are probably important for maintaining drug use following the development of addiction. Neuroadaptive changes that occur with chronic drug use lead to i ...
... Although the positive reinforcing effects of drugs are critical for establishing addictive behavior, both positive and negative reinforcing effects are probably important for maintaining drug use following the development of addiction. Neuroadaptive changes that occur with chronic drug use lead to i ...
Primary afferent neurons of the gut
... These substances are thought to produce their effects on visceral afferent nerves by three distinct processes: Direct activation opening of ion channels present on the nerve terminals Sensitization 敏感化 occur in the absence of a direct stimulation results in afferent hyperexcitability to ...
... These substances are thought to produce their effects on visceral afferent nerves by three distinct processes: Direct activation opening of ion channels present on the nerve terminals Sensitization 敏感化 occur in the absence of a direct stimulation results in afferent hyperexcitability to ...
Chemosense in Mollusks
... odor binding protein (OBP) which binds to the receptor protein. • OBP may improve diffusion to the dendrites. • OBP may improve selectivity. The receptor protein is part of a G-Protein membrane signaling system. ...
... odor binding protein (OBP) which binds to the receptor protein. • OBP may improve diffusion to the dendrites. • OBP may improve selectivity. The receptor protein is part of a G-Protein membrane signaling system. ...
08_NervousSystem
... reaches the threshold • Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels • Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization (spike in ...
... reaches the threshold • Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels • Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization (spike in ...
Computational Psychiatry Seminar: Spring 2014 Week 11: The
... By an analogy with thermodynamics, the scaling parameter β is called the ‘inverse temperature’; β = 0 means all actions are taken with an equal probability of 1/n, and the larger the β, the greedier the selection. In animal behavior studies, a well known principle is the matching law, in which an ac ...
... By an analogy with thermodynamics, the scaling parameter β is called the ‘inverse temperature’; β = 0 means all actions are taken with an equal probability of 1/n, and the larger the β, the greedier the selection. In animal behavior studies, a well known principle is the matching law, in which an ac ...
FlyEM`s formal project plan
... behavioral screens, calcium imaging, and electrophysiology, and identify cell-specific RNA transcripts as part of the NeuroSeq project. Thus the medulla was and remains an ideal case for collaboration – the FlyLight and FlyEM can use each other’s data as both a map and a cross check, NeuroSeq can id ...
... behavioral screens, calcium imaging, and electrophysiology, and identify cell-specific RNA transcripts as part of the NeuroSeq project. Thus the medulla was and remains an ideal case for collaboration – the FlyLight and FlyEM can use each other’s data as both a map and a cross check, NeuroSeq can id ...
Retrograde Signaling in the Development and Modification of
... is observed after contact of presynaptic neurites of Helisoma B19 motoneurons with their target supralateral radular tensor (SLT) muscles (374). Helisoma motoneuron B19 will form functional chemical connections only with its normal synaptic partner SLT muscle, and not with novel targets (155, 373). ...
... is observed after contact of presynaptic neurites of Helisoma B19 motoneurons with their target supralateral radular tensor (SLT) muscles (374). Helisoma motoneuron B19 will form functional chemical connections only with its normal synaptic partner SLT muscle, and not with novel targets (155, 373). ...
Lecture #11 Brain and processing
... An individual can feel pain in an uninjured part of the body when pain actually originates at another location Strong visceral pain Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of ...
... An individual can feel pain in an uninjured part of the body when pain actually originates at another location Strong visceral pain Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of ...
Does the Conventional Leaky Integrate-and
... paper we argue that a more realistic setting is when each neuron fires multiply. It is shown that unlike the simple case of single firings for each neuron, in the more realistic condition, the synchronization of firings in successive pools of leaky integrate and fire neurons is impossible. We have c ...
... paper we argue that a more realistic setting is when each neuron fires multiply. It is shown that unlike the simple case of single firings for each neuron, in the more realistic condition, the synchronization of firings in successive pools of leaky integrate and fire neurons is impossible. We have c ...