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ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS

... A new entrant able to sell only S automobiles would incur a much higher average cost of ca at point a. If automobile prices are below ca, a new entrant would suffer a loss. At point b, an existing firm can produce M or more automobiles at an average cost of cb. b ...
E02 Economics Supply and Demand Exam
E02 Economics Supply and Demand Exam

... (B) Recent decreases in the price of imported wine have led to an increase in the consumption of domestic wine. (C) In the past several months, as the price of compact disc players has decreased, the quantity of compact disc players sold has increased. (D) The increase in the price of quality health ...
Economics
Economics

... More than one firm produces and sells the same good or a relative good Because of this firms compete with each other to sell more goods and in order to do so they have to lower their prices below that of their competition Without this effect all markets would be monopolistic and we would all be scre ...
Monopolistic Competition in the Long Run
Monopolistic Competition in the Long Run

... Firms in a monopolistically competitive industry have excess capacity: they produce less than the output at which average total cost is minimized ...
5th Edition
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... This might happen because the firm gets to large to manage effectively, or because the firm has to employ workers or other factors of production that are less well suited to production. Figure 11.6 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
short-run supply curve
short-run supply curve

short-run supply curve
short-run supply curve

Chapter 4 Individual and Market Demand
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... o Consumers will tend to buy more of the good that has become relatively cheaper, and less of the good that is now relatively more expensive. ...
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... worker makes more than the previous worker did) • Stage II – Diminishing returns *output rises at a diminishing rate (each new worker increases output, but not as much as the previous worker did) • Stage III – Negative returns *output decreases as each new worker is added ...
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... Why do restaurants stay close for late lunch hours?  Few customers could not possibly cover the variable cost (VC) of running the restaurants.  In making this decision only the price and VC (such as the cost of food and additional staff) are relevant. If the restaurant decide to provide the servic ...
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... Therefore, if MC rises by 25 percent price, then price will also rise by 25 percent. When MC = $20, P = $40. When MC rises to $20(1.25) = $25, the price rises to $50, a 25% increase. 4. A firm faces the following average revenue (demand) curve: P = 100 - 0.01Q where Q is weekly production and P is p ...
CHAPTER 10 MARKET POWER: MONOPOLY AND MONOPSONY
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p($) - City University of Hong Kong

... equilibrium. a. Hi-Tech Printing Company employs an extra-ordinary manager that sharply reduces the cost of administrative costs (i.e. fixed cost in the short run). What happens to Hi-Tech’s profits and the price of books in short run? Will it attract new firms to enter the market in long run? b. Su ...
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Direct costs test (if satisfied, service is a definite recipient of
Direct costs test (if satisfied, service is a definite recipient of

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... increased from Docket No. R2001-1 to the instant docket from 0.448 cents to 1.164 cents, an increase of 159.8 percent, while the unit rural cost of flats decreased from one docket to the next from 1.303 cents to 1.223 cents, a decrease of 6.1 percent. ...
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... 10. If a firm shuts down in the short run, a. it exits the industry b. losses would equal its variable costs c. losses would equal its fixed costs d. profits would be zero e. losses would equal to zero 11. A firm is indifferent between staying in business and shutting down in the short run when, at ...
AP Microeconomics Scoring Guidelines, 2016
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Perfect Competition Profit PPT

... – A firm should continue to produce as long as price is greater than average variable cost. – If price falls below that point it makes sense to shut down temporarily and save the variable costs. ...
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The Hicks-Marshall Rules of Derived Demand

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BUSINESS ECONOMICS - Kwabena Darfor Nkansah

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Externality



In economics, an externality is the cost or benefit that affects a party who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit.For example, manufacturing activities that cause air pollution impose health and clean-up costs on the whole society, whereas the neighbors of an individual who chooses to fire-proof his home may benefit from a reduced risk of a fire spreading to their own houses. If external costs exist, such as pollution, the producer may choose to produce more of the product than would be produced if the producer were required to pay all associated environmental costs. Because responsibility or consequence for self-directed action lies partly outside the self, an element of externalization is involved. If there are external benefits, such as in public safety, less of the good may be produced than would be the case if the producer were to receive payment for the external benefits to others. For the purpose of these statements, overall cost and benefit to society is defined as the sum of the imputed monetary value of benefits and costs to all parties involved. Thus, unregulated markets in goods or services with significant externalities generate prices that do not reflect the full social cost or benefit of their transactions; such markets are therefore inefficient.
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