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Chapter 9
Chapter 9

... The  Adolescent  Brain  and   Alcohol •  The brain goes through dynamic change during adolescence, and alcohol can can seriously damage long and short-term growth processes. •  Frontal lobe development and the refinement of pathways and connections continue until age 16, and a high rate of energy ...
Neurophysiology: Sensing and categorizing
Neurophysiology: Sensing and categorizing

... the same two buttons in response to a simple visual instruction, completely outside the context of the somatosensory categorization task. About half of the ‘categorical’ neurons ceased to respond differentially to the two arm movements in this control experiment, suggesting that a simple motor expla ...
GABA A Receptor
GABA A Receptor

... both positive and negative control of the degree of excitability of the neuron – Decreasing the voltage to a less negative value makes the membrane of the neuron more excitable while increasing this voltage to a more negative value makes the neuron less excitable. Sodium ion concentration is high in ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... Neurons • The basic functional units of the nervous system • Parts of a neuron – Cell body (Soma) – Short, branched dendrites – Long, single axon ...
Nervous System Study Guide
Nervous System Study Guide

... and potassium amount inside and outside of neuron cell. 6. When a neuron at rest, what is the amount of sodium amount outside and inside the cell? 7. When a neuron at rest, what is the amount of K+ ions inside and outside the neuron cell? 8. Functions of sodium-potassium pumps during action potentia ...
The Cognitive Process and Formal Models of Human Attentions
The Cognitive Process and Formal Models of Human Attentions

... at the sensation, action, and memory layers. It also intensively interacts with higher layer life functions and mental processes in the brain such as the meta-cognitive, inference, and complex cognitive processes that form the inference intelligence. The LRMB model establishes a dynamic context of t ...
7-4_DescendingPathways_HubaT
7-4_DescendingPathways_HubaT

... In this picture you can see the 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Spinal nerves are grouped according to the place where they emerge from the spinal cord. Spinal nerves are responsible for carrying information between the central nervous system and other parts of the body. The spinal cord is the center of ...
Document
Document

... about the causative event. – Such neurons are sensory neurons and they provide info about both the internal and external environments. – Sensory neurons (a.k.a. afferent neurons) will send info to neurons in the brain and spinal cord. There, association neurons (a.k.a. interneurons) will integrate t ...
SBI4U Nervous System
SBI4U Nervous System

... carries impulses towards the cell body • Axon: extension of the cytoplasm that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body • Myelin Sheath: insulated covering over the axon • Axon Terminal: contains synapses, specialized structures where neurotransmitter chemicals are released in order to communi ...
File
File

... transmits all ascending and descending impulses and contains vital reflex centers involved w/ cardiovascular and respiratory systems ...
Any Words in the Brain’s Language?  Tatiana V. Chernigovskaya ()
Any Words in the Brain’s Language? Tatiana V. Chernigovskaya ()

... subserved by the speech zones of the left cerebral hemisphere. While the right hemisphere is responsible for a large part of the lexicon, global/Gestalt recognition, for revealing the relevant components of a situation (or a scene), for relatively higher speed of decision making, classification of c ...
Rexed`s Lamina
Rexed`s Lamina

... Spinoreticular Tract  Pain signals from tissue injury  Decussate in spinal cord and ascend with spinothalamic fibers  End in reticular formation (medulla and pons)  3rd and 4th order neurons continue to thalamus and cerebral cortex ...
Brain Organization Simulation System
Brain Organization Simulation System

... The main BOSS project goal is to create a tool for neuroscientists to test large-scale neuron-based models of brain functions such as memory and learning. Traditional laboratory methods reveal details about electrical activity by one neuron or at most a few dozen. Precisely which neurons connect ele ...
The impact of brain science on education
The impact of brain science on education

... Declarative memory describes information that we can consciously recall and declare. It defines our capacity to recollect everyday facts and events. Nondeclarative memory is an umbrella phrase for all the other kinds of memory systems which are less conscious. For example, one type of nondeclarative ...
An Introductory to Statistical Models of Neural Data - Math
An Introductory to Statistical Models of Neural Data - Math

... - For actual neurons, the deterministic representation is never completely true as many factors which these models assume are rarely known with certainty, even in controlled experiments. -In general, the deterministic models cannot suggest strategies or methods to analyze the non-deterministic prope ...
The Central Nervous System
The Central Nervous System

... differ in their ionic composition, and (2) the cell membrane is selectively permeable to these ions. The membrane potential can quickly change, as the ionic permeability of the cell membrane changes, in response to ...
kainic acid oxidative stress J Appl Toxicol 2001
kainic acid oxidative stress J Appl Toxicol 2001

... seems that hypothalamus, striatum and cerebral cortex are resistant to KA-induced oxidative injury. The mechanisms underlying this highly region-specific pattern of oxidative damage are far from being well understood. In an attempt to explain, at least partially, this selective pattern of oxidative ...
A&P Ch 8 PowerPoint(Nervous System)
A&P Ch 8 PowerPoint(Nervous System)

... differ in their ionic composition, and (2) the cell membrane is selectively permeable to these ions. The membrane potential can quickly change, as the ionic permeability of the cell membrane changes, in response to ...
Sensation and Perception
Sensation and Perception

... energy (signals) into neural impulses. • Each sense has its own process of transduction • Information goes from the senses to the thalamus , then to the various areas in the brain. Example: ...
the PDF file
the PDF file

... In case of the spinal cord injury, the signals coming from the nerves as well as the signals coming to the receptors will be disrupted. As both these signals meet in a bundle in spinal cord so there is any spinal cord injury then both these signals are disrupted. 8. How does chemical coordination oc ...
Lecture Notes - Austin Community College
Lecture Notes - Austin Community College

... involuntary. They help protect you and maintain homeostasis. E.g. you may jerk your hand away from a hot stove or vomit in response to a food that irritates your stomach. Many reflexes are independent of the brain, but the information picked up by the interneurons in the spinal cord is transmitted t ...
(from quizzes) Bergen 14 Which of the following is true regarding a
(from quizzes) Bergen 14 Which of the following is true regarding a

... d. Because there is no grammatical boundary between objects and substance in Yucatec d. Mayan, speakers of Mayan attend more to the materials and substance that comprise the objects. e. All of the above are statements that support the Whorfian hypothesis. Which of the following is a spatial descript ...
Study: Possible Prenatal Causes of Autism (November 9, 2011)
Study: Possible Prenatal Causes of Autism (November 9, 2011)

... neurons in the prefrontal cortex and heavier brains for their age compared to typically developing children. Since these neurons are produced before birth, the study's findings suggest that faulty prenatal cell birth or maintenance may be involved in the development of autism. Another possible facto ...
Chapter 12 - apsubiology.org
Chapter 12 - apsubiology.org

... olfactory centers are near the limbic system individuals, objects and experiences which initiate strong emotional responses or are associated with smells are committed to memory more easily ...
Growth and Development of Infants
Growth and Development of Infants

... By 1 year has 2-3 sleep periods including ...
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Metastability in the brain

In the field of computational neuroscience, the theory of metastability refers to the human brain’s ability to integrate several functional parts and to produce neural oscillations in a cooperative and coordinated manner, providing the basis for conscious activity.Metastability, a state in which signals (such as oscillatory waves) fall outside their natural equilibrium state but persist for an extended period of time, is a principle that describes the brain’s ability to make sense out of seemingly random environmental cues. In the past 25 years, interest in metastability and the underlying framework of nonlinear dynamics has been fueled by advancements in the methods by which computers model brain activity.
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