Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... slow wave or low frequency signals such as LFP are filtered out. At this point the signal can be processed further in different ways. One of the most used methods is putting a threshold, or Schmidt trigger, to select only the larger spikes from the data. When large spikes occur one can reliably obta ...
... slow wave or low frequency signals such as LFP are filtered out. At this point the signal can be processed further in different ways. One of the most used methods is putting a threshold, or Schmidt trigger, to select only the larger spikes from the data. When large spikes occur one can reliably obta ...
Investigating neural correlates of conscious perception by frequency
... dominant and another switch with the right index finger whenever the blue stimulus was dominant. They were instructed to activate neither switch if neither of the two percepts was clearly dominant, i.e., when they saw a mixture of red vertical and blue horizontal gratings. The activation of the swit ...
... dominant and another switch with the right index finger whenever the blue stimulus was dominant. They were instructed to activate neither switch if neither of the two percepts was clearly dominant, i.e., when they saw a mixture of red vertical and blue horizontal gratings. The activation of the swit ...
Cooperation and biased competition model can explain attentional
... focused attention task. In this experiment, a monkey, after being cued to attend one of two hemi®elds, had to watch a series of bilateral stimuli that consisted of different pairs of objects, and to react with a saccade if and only if a prede®ned target object appeared in the cued hemi®eld. In order ...
... focused attention task. In this experiment, a monkey, after being cued to attend one of two hemi®elds, had to watch a series of bilateral stimuli that consisted of different pairs of objects, and to react with a saccade if and only if a prede®ned target object appeared in the cued hemi®eld. In order ...
Mechanisms for Sensing Fat in Food in the Mouth
... tested including mineral oil and silicone oil, but did not respond to any of the carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) viscosity series. The results of these studies on orbitofrontal cortex neurons (Rolls and others 1999; Verhagen and others 2003) show that fatsensitive neurons respond not only to fats suc ...
... tested including mineral oil and silicone oil, but did not respond to any of the carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) viscosity series. The results of these studies on orbitofrontal cortex neurons (Rolls and others 1999; Verhagen and others 2003) show that fatsensitive neurons respond not only to fats suc ...
Approach to Coma
... the parietal lobe,, but to the whole of the cerebral cortex. It has become apparent that during wakefulness, there is also a widespread low-voltage fast rhythm (a gamma rhythm that has a frequency of 30 to 60 Hz). This activity, coordinated by the thalamus, has been theorized to synchronize widesp ...
... the parietal lobe,, but to the whole of the cerebral cortex. It has become apparent that during wakefulness, there is also a widespread low-voltage fast rhythm (a gamma rhythm that has a frequency of 30 to 60 Hz). This activity, coordinated by the thalamus, has been theorized to synchronize widesp ...
What does the eye tell the brain? Development of a system for the large-scale recording of retinal output activity
... Abstract—A multielectrode array system has been developed to study how the retina processes and encodes visual images. This system can simultaneously record the extracellular electrical activity from hundreds of retinal output neurons as a dynamic visual image is focused on the input neurons. The re ...
... Abstract—A multielectrode array system has been developed to study how the retina processes and encodes visual images. This system can simultaneously record the extracellular electrical activity from hundreds of retinal output neurons as a dynamic visual image is focused on the input neurons. The re ...
“Conscious” Dorsal Stream
... only stream that is not directly related to perception. The ventro-dorsal stream, which will be the main focus of this article, is responsible for the organization of actions directed towards objects, but also for space and action perception and conscious awareness. Finally, the ventral stream is re ...
... only stream that is not directly related to perception. The ventro-dorsal stream, which will be the main focus of this article, is responsible for the organization of actions directed towards objects, but also for space and action perception and conscious awareness. Finally, the ventral stream is re ...
The “Conscious” Dorsal Stream - Università degli Studi di Parma
... only stream that is not directly related to perception. The ventro-dorsal stream, which will be the main focus of this article, is responsible for the organization of actions directed towards objects, but also for space and action perception and conscious awareness. Finally, the ventral stream is re ...
... only stream that is not directly related to perception. The ventro-dorsal stream, which will be the main focus of this article, is responsible for the organization of actions directed towards objects, but also for space and action perception and conscious awareness. Finally, the ventral stream is re ...
On the Significance of Neuronal Giantism in Gastropods
... whereas other gastropod taxa do not? The best answer will probably rest on future comparative observations on species chosen for particular nervous system characters, but the context for such comparative observations can be set here. The approach is to enumerate the specific set of behavioral and ne ...
... whereas other gastropod taxa do not? The best answer will probably rest on future comparative observations on species chosen for particular nervous system characters, but the context for such comparative observations can be set here. The approach is to enumerate the specific set of behavioral and ne ...
Role of Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Interactions in the Pathogenesis
... the response of respiratory neural output to hypercapnia, hypoxia, and stimulation of laryngeal and other mechanoreceptor-mediated afferents has been extensively studied in both human infants and various animal models. However, maturation of the role of neurotransmitters that mediate these neural pa ...
... the response of respiratory neural output to hypercapnia, hypoxia, and stimulation of laryngeal and other mechanoreceptor-mediated afferents has been extensively studied in both human infants and various animal models. However, maturation of the role of neurotransmitters that mediate these neural pa ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
... FIGURE 2.26 Parts of the limbic system. Although only one side is shown here, the hippocampus and the amygdala extend out into the temporal lobes at each side of the brain. The limbic system is a sort of “primitive core” of the brain strongly associated with emotion. ...
... FIGURE 2.26 Parts of the limbic system. Although only one side is shown here, the hippocampus and the amygdala extend out into the temporal lobes at each side of the brain. The limbic system is a sort of “primitive core” of the brain strongly associated with emotion. ...
Malformations - Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge
... •migration of last neuroblasts from the external to the internal granular layer: first post-natal year Cerebral cortex •migration of neuroblast to cerebral cortical plate starts by week 7 and finishes at about month 6 ...
... •migration of last neuroblasts from the external to the internal granular layer: first post-natal year Cerebral cortex •migration of neuroblast to cerebral cortical plate starts by week 7 and finishes at about month 6 ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... which project to the lip region of the mushroom body (MB) and to the lateral protocerebrum, the LH. PNs in these two pathways have been analyzed more closely by intracellular recordings. PNs in the median antennocerebral tract (m-ACT) code odors by latency differences or specific inhibitory phases i ...
... which project to the lip region of the mushroom body (MB) and to the lateral protocerebrum, the LH. PNs in these two pathways have been analyzed more closely by intracellular recordings. PNs in the median antennocerebral tract (m-ACT) code odors by latency differences or specific inhibitory phases i ...
action potential
... • Gain a basic understanding of neurons and how they communicate structure of the brain techniques used to investigate brain function • In order to understand (in some detail) VISION: How the eye and brain capture the properties of brightness, form, and color from the outside world change ...
... • Gain a basic understanding of neurons and how they communicate structure of the brain techniques used to investigate brain function • In order to understand (in some detail) VISION: How the eye and brain capture the properties of brightness, form, and color from the outside world change ...
An Extended Model for Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) in Stroop
... stimulus where the color information conveyed by the printed words is incompatible with the ink color (i.e., incongruent case: for a comprehensive review, see [18]). In the color naming task, stimulus feature from one dimension (color) is a target, while that from another dimension (word) becomes a ...
... stimulus where the color information conveyed by the printed words is incompatible with the ink color (i.e., incongruent case: for a comprehensive review, see [18]). In the color naming task, stimulus feature from one dimension (color) is a target, while that from another dimension (word) becomes a ...
Neurobehavioral evidence for individual differences in
... functions are not strictly modular, occurring instead across networks (Farah 1994). Regional ablation may remove cortex important for a certain type of processing, but also sever connections between other regions not lesioned. Fourth, because these brain lesions were irreversible, they did not allow ...
... functions are not strictly modular, occurring instead across networks (Farah 1994). Regional ablation may remove cortex important for a certain type of processing, but also sever connections between other regions not lesioned. Fourth, because these brain lesions were irreversible, they did not allow ...
FREE Sample Here
... vagus nerve of one of the hearts. This is a bundle of neurons that serves the parasympathetic nervous system and causes a reduction in the heart’s rate of beating. A substance was released by the nerve of the first heart and was transported through the fluid to the second heart. The second heart red ...
... vagus nerve of one of the hearts. This is a bundle of neurons that serves the parasympathetic nervous system and causes a reduction in the heart’s rate of beating. A substance was released by the nerve of the first heart and was transported through the fluid to the second heart. The second heart red ...
Time representation in reinforcement learning models of
... It is instructive to compare how these two models account for the data on early reward presented by Hollerman and Schultz (1998). In the Ludvig et al. (2008) model, the weights for all the microstimuli are updated after every time step: The late microstimuli associated with the cue (i.e., those cent ...
... It is instructive to compare how these two models account for the data on early reward presented by Hollerman and Schultz (1998). In the Ludvig et al. (2008) model, the weights for all the microstimuli are updated after every time step: The late microstimuli associated with the cue (i.e., those cent ...
Cortical mechanisms of sensory learning and object recognition
... the process is up to our brains, and will be based on a foundation of extensive visual experience. What is the nature of this constructive process? What parts of the brain are critical for object recognition and how does it enable learning about new objects and object categories? In this article, we ...
... the process is up to our brains, and will be based on a foundation of extensive visual experience. What is the nature of this constructive process? What parts of the brain are critical for object recognition and how does it enable learning about new objects and object categories? In this article, we ...
Nervous System
... sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions that they bring. This unequal transport of positive ions make the inside of the cell more negative than it would be from simple ions diffusion . The Action Potential (temporary change in the membrane potential): The nerve cell is specialized t ...
... sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions that they bring. This unequal transport of positive ions make the inside of the cell more negative than it would be from simple ions diffusion . The Action Potential (temporary change in the membrane potential): The nerve cell is specialized t ...
Visual Coding and the Retinal Receptors
... • Vision in newborns is functional but poorly developed at birth: – Face recognition occurs relatively soon after birth (2 days) – Show strong preference for a right-side-up face and support idea of a built-in face recognition system ...
... • Vision in newborns is functional but poorly developed at birth: – Face recognition occurs relatively soon after birth (2 days) – Show strong preference for a right-side-up face and support idea of a built-in face recognition system ...
A Computer Simulation of Olfactory Cortex with Functional
... the weights obtained during this training, the model was trained on a new nonoverlapping (Le. different input fibers activated) stimulus B. Both stimulus A and stimulus B alone activated roughly 25% of the cortical pyramidal neurons with 25% overlap between the two responses. Following the second tr ...
... the weights obtained during this training, the model was trained on a new nonoverlapping (Le. different input fibers activated) stimulus B. Both stimulus A and stimulus B alone activated roughly 25% of the cortical pyramidal neurons with 25% overlap between the two responses. Following the second tr ...
Inter-regional Contribution of Enhanced Activity of the Primary
... Multiple cortical areas are involved in pain processing, including the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Although accumulations of evidence suggest that the S1 activity increases under chronic pain conditions, whether plastic change occurs or not within the S ...
... Multiple cortical areas are involved in pain processing, including the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Although accumulations of evidence suggest that the S1 activity increases under chronic pain conditions, whether plastic change occurs or not within the S ...