Program - Harvard Medical School
... length increased, up until a plateau at 500 ms. This result suggests that these speech-selective non-primary regions are sensitive to acoustic structure up to about half a second. It is natural to wonder whether a similar timescale can be identified for music analysis. Another recent study identifie ...
... length increased, up until a plateau at 500 ms. This result suggests that these speech-selective non-primary regions are sensitive to acoustic structure up to about half a second. It is natural to wonder whether a similar timescale can be identified for music analysis. Another recent study identifie ...
1Induct Neurul
... embryo developed with only axial structures in isolated ectodermal tissue, neural tissue was induced! • This suggested that the elusive neural inducers may block the activity of other molecules, which might cause the ectoderm to form other tissues (i.e., mesoderm or epidermis). • This may explain ...
... embryo developed with only axial structures in isolated ectodermal tissue, neural tissue was induced! • This suggested that the elusive neural inducers may block the activity of other molecules, which might cause the ectoderm to form other tissues (i.e., mesoderm or epidermis). • This may explain ...
Comparing neuronal and behavioral thresholds
... dorsal division of the medial superior temporal area that are tuned for spiral direction [2,3], in a similar manner as middle temporal neurons are tuned for the direction of linear motion [4]. These neurons may play an important role in optic flow perception [5]. They can encode expanding and contra ...
... dorsal division of the medial superior temporal area that are tuned for spiral direction [2,3], in a similar manner as middle temporal neurons are tuned for the direction of linear motion [4]. These neurons may play an important role in optic flow perception [5]. They can encode expanding and contra ...
The Biological Bases of Time-to
... because these neurons respond only to the direct collision course of approaching objects (Wang & Frost, 1992, Sun & Frost, 1998), and not to simulation of the movement of pigeons toward the same stationary objects (Sun & Frost, submitted). Also the work on locust looming detectors would fit this cat ...
... because these neurons respond only to the direct collision course of approaching objects (Wang & Frost, 1992, Sun & Frost, 1998), and not to simulation of the movement of pigeons toward the same stationary objects (Sun & Frost, submitted). Also the work on locust looming detectors would fit this cat ...
Lewy body pathology is associated with mitochondrial DNA damage
... (n ¼ 104) were 25.5 18.5%. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between groups or neuronal phenotypes (p > 0.7; F ¼ 0.19). mtDNA copy number did not differ significantly (AD(NFTþ) ¼ 5270 9390; AD(NFT) ¼ 2184 2338; p ¼ 0.17). 4. Discussion Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysf ...
... (n ¼ 104) were 25.5 18.5%. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between groups or neuronal phenotypes (p > 0.7; F ¼ 0.19). mtDNA copy number did not differ significantly (AD(NFTþ) ¼ 5270 9390; AD(NFT) ¼ 2184 2338; p ¼ 0.17). 4. Discussion Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysf ...
PDF
... that the milk has gone sour (Fig. 1c). To the brain, new information that causes you to change your predictions and an actual reward that is at odds with your predictions are equivalent. In both cases, bursts or pauses in dopaminergic firing will notify the brain of the prediction error. Consequentl ...
... that the milk has gone sour (Fig. 1c). To the brain, new information that causes you to change your predictions and an actual reward that is at odds with your predictions are equivalent. In both cases, bursts or pauses in dopaminergic firing will notify the brain of the prediction error. Consequentl ...
Glioblastoma - The Brain Tumour Charity
... Alternatively to a biopsy, and if possible, the surgical removal of as much of the main part of the tumour will be undertaken at the same time. This is known as ‘debulking’. It is difficult to remove the whole tumour in the case of glioblastomas as they are ‘diffuse’, meaning they have threadlike el ...
... Alternatively to a biopsy, and if possible, the surgical removal of as much of the main part of the tumour will be undertaken at the same time. This is known as ‘debulking’. It is difficult to remove the whole tumour in the case of glioblastomas as they are ‘diffuse’, meaning they have threadlike el ...
BACOFUN_2016 Meeting Booklet - Barrel Cortex Function 2016
... In short, rats were trained to determine the location of a pole on the radius of the whisker, where the proximal location should be reported by licking to receive a water reward and in the distal location the rat should not lick to avoid a 5 second time-out. We find populations of neurons with corre ...
... In short, rats were trained to determine the location of a pole on the radius of the whisker, where the proximal location should be reported by licking to receive a water reward and in the distal location the rat should not lick to avoid a 5 second time-out. We find populations of neurons with corre ...
A Neural Network Architecture for General Image Recognition
... Robert L. Harvey, Paul N. DiCaprio, and Karl G. Heinemann • As part ofLincoln Laboratory's research on neural network technology, a generalputpose machine vision system that can learn to recognize diverse objects has been designed. The system models human vision, primarily with neural networks, and ...
... Robert L. Harvey, Paul N. DiCaprio, and Karl G. Heinemann • As part ofLincoln Laboratory's research on neural network technology, a generalputpose machine vision system that can learn to recognize diverse objects has been designed. The system models human vision, primarily with neural networks, and ...
Modelling fast stimulus-response association learning along the
... weak connections with several neurons that can drive different responses, the activation of a specific response neuron at the same time as the presentation of the stimulus will lead to the strengthening of the connection linking the stimulus-specific neuron with the response-specific neuron. A conne ...
... weak connections with several neurons that can drive different responses, the activation of a specific response neuron at the same time as the presentation of the stimulus will lead to the strengthening of the connection linking the stimulus-specific neuron with the response-specific neuron. A conne ...
The evolution of nervous system centralization
... what their initial structure and function was. It is also unclear whether the CNS of vertebrates and invertebrates trace back to a common CNS precursor (Arendt & Nübler-Jung 1999) or whether they are of independent evolutionary origin (Holland 2003; Lowe et al. 2003). This review addresses the ques ...
... what their initial structure and function was. It is also unclear whether the CNS of vertebrates and invertebrates trace back to a common CNS precursor (Arendt & Nübler-Jung 1999) or whether they are of independent evolutionary origin (Holland 2003; Lowe et al. 2003). This review addresses the ques ...
Representation of naturalistic image structure in the primate visual
... However, in the area immediately downstream, V2, cells respond more vigorously to these stimuli than to matched control stimuli. Humans show BOLD fMRI responses in V1 and V2 that are consistent with the neuronal measurements in macaque. These fMRI measurements, as well as neurophysiological work by ...
... However, in the area immediately downstream, V2, cells respond more vigorously to these stimuli than to matched control stimuli. Humans show BOLD fMRI responses in V1 and V2 that are consistent with the neuronal measurements in macaque. These fMRI measurements, as well as neurophysiological work by ...
Glioblastoma - The Brain Tumour Charity
... In both cases of biopsy or surgery, you may like to ask, before your operation, about the possibility of ‘biobanking’ some of the tissue from your tumour. A key to accelerating research towards improving survival and quality of life for people with brain tumours, is for researchers to have access to ...
... In both cases of biopsy or surgery, you may like to ask, before your operation, about the possibility of ‘biobanking’ some of the tissue from your tumour. A key to accelerating research towards improving survival and quality of life for people with brain tumours, is for researchers to have access to ...
The Spinal Cord
... Spinal nerves are named according to which vertebrae they pass between: 8 cervical nerves 12 thoracic nerves 5 lumbar nerves 5 sacral nerves 1 coccygeal nerve Levels of the spinal cord are named according to which spinal nerve carries information in/out of it. ...
... Spinal nerves are named according to which vertebrae they pass between: 8 cervical nerves 12 thoracic nerves 5 lumbar nerves 5 sacral nerves 1 coccygeal nerve Levels of the spinal cord are named according to which spinal nerve carries information in/out of it. ...
carlson_chapter_4_final
... Experimental Ablation Brain lesions An injury to a particular part of the brain The effects of that lesion on an animal’s behaviors are studied ...
... Experimental Ablation Brain lesions An injury to a particular part of the brain The effects of that lesion on an animal’s behaviors are studied ...
neurophysics.ucsd.edu
... interactions include: (1) CPGs interact and coordinate with each other; (2) higherorder centers (D) gate, or select separate CPGs; and (3) peripheral feedback into a CPG alters the phase relation between the muscles. Additionally, neuromodulators may act on either the CPGs themselves or their output ...
... interactions include: (1) CPGs interact and coordinate with each other; (2) higherorder centers (D) gate, or select separate CPGs; and (3) peripheral feedback into a CPG alters the phase relation between the muscles. Additionally, neuromodulators may act on either the CPGs themselves or their output ...
Figure 4.8 The human brain stem This composite structure extends
... autonomic control, cranial nerves, and motor/sensory relay. • Autonomic nuclei: – Cardiovascular centers • Alter the rate and force of cardiac contractions • Alter the tone of vascular smooth muscle ...
... autonomic control, cranial nerves, and motor/sensory relay. • Autonomic nuclei: – Cardiovascular centers • Alter the rate and force of cardiac contractions • Alter the tone of vascular smooth muscle ...
Neurochemical excitation of propriospinal neurons facilitates
... Relatively little information is available as to which neurotransmitters may be involved in locomotor-related propriospinal transmission. However, assuming the locomotor command signal input to propriospinal neurons is delivered by reticulospinal projections, monoaminergic and/or glutamatergic mecha ...
... Relatively little information is available as to which neurotransmitters may be involved in locomotor-related propriospinal transmission. However, assuming the locomotor command signal input to propriospinal neurons is delivered by reticulospinal projections, monoaminergic and/or glutamatergic mecha ...
Nervous System Chapter 8 ppt copy
... when it adjusts to the overwhelming surges of dopamine (and other neurotransmitters) sent from abusing drugs. To compensate for these surges your brain begins to automatically produce much less natural dopamine and other key neurotransmitters, which in turn can cause a myriad of opioid withdrawal sy ...
... when it adjusts to the overwhelming surges of dopamine (and other neurotransmitters) sent from abusing drugs. To compensate for these surges your brain begins to automatically produce much less natural dopamine and other key neurotransmitters, which in turn can cause a myriad of opioid withdrawal sy ...
Responses of the Human Brain to Mild Dehydration and
... hypothalamus/thalamus. These changes reversed during rehydration. Continuous fluid ingestion of 1 L of water for 1 hour within the scanner lowered serum osmolality by 0.96% and increased brain tissue fluid by 0.43%, on average. Concomitantly, cortical thickness and volumes of the whole brain, cortex, ...
... hypothalamus/thalamus. These changes reversed during rehydration. Continuous fluid ingestion of 1 L of water for 1 hour within the scanner lowered serum osmolality by 0.96% and increased brain tissue fluid by 0.43%, on average. Concomitantly, cortical thickness and volumes of the whole brain, cortex, ...
Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence
... The view we advocate and test with our fMRI studies is that cognitive tasks are subserved by large-scale cortical networks that consist of spatially separate computational centres that collaborate pervasively to perform complex cognitive processing. The activation in a set of cortical areas should b ...
... The view we advocate and test with our fMRI studies is that cognitive tasks are subserved by large-scale cortical networks that consist of spatially separate computational centres that collaborate pervasively to perform complex cognitive processing. The activation in a set of cortical areas should b ...
PDF
... at two distant neurons. We hold N = 100 and t = 1 fixed and investigate the behaviour of U by modifying the length constant p and the cut off R for several choices of the gain g and threshold K. Figure 2 shows a typical example, a plot of the propagation velocity against the inverse of the synaptic ...
... at two distant neurons. We hold N = 100 and t = 1 fixed and investigate the behaviour of U by modifying the length constant p and the cut off R for several choices of the gain g and threshold K. Figure 2 shows a typical example, a plot of the propagation velocity against the inverse of the synaptic ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
... ABSTRACT: The central complex is an important center for higher-order brain function in insects. It is an intricate neuropil composed of four substructures. Each substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neurona ...
... ABSTRACT: The central complex is an important center for higher-order brain function in insects. It is an intricate neuropil composed of four substructures. Each substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neurona ...
Cells of the Nervous System
... •Saltatory conduction can be compared with a line of marbles pushing on each other - when poking the marble in one end then each marble only moves slightly, but this small effect on the marble in the other end is almost instantaneous, like a one-way Newton's cradle. So the signal moves at the speed ...
... •Saltatory conduction can be compared with a line of marbles pushing on each other - when poking the marble in one end then each marble only moves slightly, but this small effect on the marble in the other end is almost instantaneous, like a one-way Newton's cradle. So the signal moves at the speed ...