Production of nerve growth factor by
... We hypothesized that Ab exerts indirect neurotoxic effects by inducing astrocytic NGF production, which may act in concert with other inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), to induce hippocampal neuron degeneration. In the present paper, we report that Ab fragment 25–35 (designated here a ...
... We hypothesized that Ab exerts indirect neurotoxic effects by inducing astrocytic NGF production, which may act in concert with other inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), to induce hippocampal neuron degeneration. In the present paper, we report that Ab fragment 25–35 (designated here a ...
Efficient Event-Driven Simulation of Large Networks of Spiking
... To this one should add the expectation that synaptic dynamics is intrinsically slower than neural dynamics, which implies that in order to observe the effects of synaptic dynamics on the neural activities, longer simulations (in neural time) are required, just when everything is about to slow down b ...
... To this one should add the expectation that synaptic dynamics is intrinsically slower than neural dynamics, which implies that in order to observe the effects of synaptic dynamics on the neural activities, longer simulations (in neural time) are required, just when everything is about to slow down b ...
Chapter 2
... • The evolutionary perspective stresses the role of physiological structures and behaviors in an organism's adaptation to the environment and ultimate survival. ...
... • The evolutionary perspective stresses the role of physiological structures and behaviors in an organism's adaptation to the environment and ultimate survival. ...
Regents Biology - I Love Science
... bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom more and gland ...
... bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom more and gland ...
Nerve Tissue
... – when rising membrane potential passes 0 mV, Na+ gates are inactivated • when all closed, the voltage peaks at about +30 mV • membrane now positive on the inside and negative on the outside • polarity reversed from RMP - depolarization – by the time the voltage peaks, the slow K+ gates are fully op ...
... – when rising membrane potential passes 0 mV, Na+ gates are inactivated • when all closed, the voltage peaks at about +30 mV • membrane now positive on the inside and negative on the outside • polarity reversed from RMP - depolarization – by the time the voltage peaks, the slow K+ gates are fully op ...
SENSE AND THE SINGLE NEURON: Probing the Physiology of
... firing to the intensity of the flash. In order to decide whether the neuron had signaled the presence of the stimulus on any single trial, they required that the neuron fire N action potentials on that trial, where N is greater than or equal to a criterion number, M. For each stimulus level, the pro ...
... firing to the intensity of the flash. In order to decide whether the neuron had signaled the presence of the stimulus on any single trial, they required that the neuron fire N action potentials on that trial, where N is greater than or equal to a criterion number, M. For each stimulus level, the pro ...
motor systems
... supply many muscle fibers. The motor neuron, together with the muscle fibers it supplies, is called a motor unit. Muscles used for delicate movements, like the hand muscles, have small motor units in the sense that one motor neuron may supply less than 100 muscle fibers; the eye muscles have even sm ...
... supply many muscle fibers. The motor neuron, together with the muscle fibers it supplies, is called a motor unit. Muscles used for delicate movements, like the hand muscles, have small motor units in the sense that one motor neuron may supply less than 100 muscle fibers; the eye muscles have even sm ...
Neural Control of Breathing (By Mohit Chhabra)
... They are especially important in providing the powerful expiratory signals to the abdominal muscles during very heavy expiration ...
... They are especially important in providing the powerful expiratory signals to the abdominal muscles during very heavy expiration ...
Nervous System I - Union County College
... of the axon more positively charged. As the cell becomes more positive, the THRESHOLD stimulus level is reached. Na+ DEPOLARIZES the membrane. • As the action potential reaches its peak, sodium channels (or gates) close and the potassium channels (or gates) open so K+ diffuses to the outside of the ...
... of the axon more positively charged. As the cell becomes more positive, the THRESHOLD stimulus level is reached. Na+ DEPOLARIZES the membrane. • As the action potential reaches its peak, sodium channels (or gates) close and the potassium channels (or gates) open so K+ diffuses to the outside of the ...
- Philsci
... that this could happen in a way that does not amount to the expenditure of energy at the synaptic terminal, thus avoiding a conflict with the law of energy conservation.5 On a theory of mental causation such as Eccles’, however, the brain is not the control center of the human body. It is merely an ...
... that this could happen in a way that does not amount to the expenditure of energy at the synaptic terminal, thus avoiding a conflict with the law of energy conservation.5 On a theory of mental causation such as Eccles’, however, the brain is not the control center of the human body. It is merely an ...
Neurodevelopmental mechanisms of schizophrenia: understanding
... young adulthood, especially by examining possible convergence of promising SZ genetic susceptibility factors at the functional levels in vivo. The extraordinary advances in the field over the past 1–2 years enable us to provide an overview of these issues. In particular, we focus on the significance ...
... young adulthood, especially by examining possible convergence of promising SZ genetic susceptibility factors at the functional levels in vivo. The extraordinary advances in the field over the past 1–2 years enable us to provide an overview of these issues. In particular, we focus on the significance ...
LiebermanSSSP2002REV - Sydney Symposium of Social
... largely involved in extracting the intentions behind particular behaviors and has been theorized to be critical to the ‘Theory of Mind’ lacking in children with autism (BaronCohen, 1995). Neurons in this region fire in conjunction with very different behaviors as long as the underlying intention ass ...
... largely involved in extracting the intentions behind particular behaviors and has been theorized to be critical to the ‘Theory of Mind’ lacking in children with autism (BaronCohen, 1995). Neurons in this region fire in conjunction with very different behaviors as long as the underlying intention ass ...
High-Resolution Labeling and Functional Manipulation of Specific
... and functionally manipulate specific neuron types in the mouse brain. We engineered adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) that express GFP, dsRedExpress, or channelrhodopsin (ChR2) upon Cre/loxP recombination-mediated removal of a transcriptiontranslation STOP cassette. Fluorescent labeling was sufficient ...
... and functionally manipulate specific neuron types in the mouse brain. We engineered adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) that express GFP, dsRedExpress, or channelrhodopsin (ChR2) upon Cre/loxP recombination-mediated removal of a transcriptiontranslation STOP cassette. Fluorescent labeling was sufficient ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... Computational modeling assists in analyzing the specific functional role of the cellular effects of acetylcholine within cortical structures. In particular, acetylcholine may regulate the dynamics of encoding and retrieval of information by regulating the magnitude of synaptic transmission at excitato ...
... Computational modeling assists in analyzing the specific functional role of the cellular effects of acetylcholine within cortical structures. In particular, acetylcholine may regulate the dynamics of encoding and retrieval of information by regulating the magnitude of synaptic transmission at excitato ...
Unit 1 – Nervous and Endocrine System
... Aspects of the all-or-none law: If the stimulus is too low there is no action potential (this is the "none" part) If the stimulus is above a threshold the action potential is always the same size- it does not get larger for stronger stimuli As the action potential travels along the axon it d ...
... Aspects of the all-or-none law: If the stimulus is too low there is no action potential (this is the "none" part) If the stimulus is above a threshold the action potential is always the same size- it does not get larger for stronger stimuli As the action potential travels along the axon it d ...
On the choice of a sparse prior
... distribution of the coefficients therefore is identical to the distribution of contrast in natural scenes. By dividing by the distribution before learning we correct for these effects. Similar behaviour could be achieved using nonlinear neurons that feature lateral divisive inhibition as in (Schwart ...
... distribution of the coefficients therefore is identical to the distribution of contrast in natural scenes. By dividing by the distribution before learning we correct for these effects. Similar behaviour could be achieved using nonlinear neurons that feature lateral divisive inhibition as in (Schwart ...
paper - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... the inherently stochastic features of their firing activity and the experimentally observed trial-to-trial variability of neural systems in the brain. In principle there exists a powerful computational framework for stochastic computations, probabilistic inference by sampling, which can explain a la ...
... the inherently stochastic features of their firing activity and the experimentally observed trial-to-trial variability of neural systems in the brain. In principle there exists a powerful computational framework for stochastic computations, probabilistic inference by sampling, which can explain a la ...
Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function
... and by the computational complexity of the optimization problem. Previous works have shown that wire length minimization can explain the layout of small systems by tabulating the amount of wire required for every possible permutation of components in the network. The actual ordering of ganglia in Ca ...
... and by the computational complexity of the optimization problem. Previous works have shown that wire length minimization can explain the layout of small systems by tabulating the amount of wire required for every possible permutation of components in the network. The actual ordering of ganglia in Ca ...
Neurological Principles and Rehabilitation of Action Disorders
... are implemented in tbe brain. Feed-forward control relies on 2 flavors of internal models: forward and inverse. Given the motor command, the forward model predicts the sensory consequence of this command, in effect mimicking the movements of the body in parallel with actual movements. A dramatic exa ...
... are implemented in tbe brain. Feed-forward control relies on 2 flavors of internal models: forward and inverse. Given the motor command, the forward model predicts the sensory consequence of this command, in effect mimicking the movements of the body in parallel with actual movements. A dramatic exa ...
The Isotropic Fractionator: A Fast, Reliable Method to Determine
... and in studies of phylogenesis, development, adult neurogenesis, and pathology. Traditionally, stereological methods such as the optical disector and fractionator have been the gold standard for estimating numbers of cells in discrete brain regions and determining how they compare across structures, ...
... and in studies of phylogenesis, development, adult neurogenesis, and pathology. Traditionally, stereological methods such as the optical disector and fractionator have been the gold standard for estimating numbers of cells in discrete brain regions and determining how they compare across structures, ...
Stephen F. Davis
... • The evolutionary perspective stresses the role of physiological structures and behaviors in an organism's adaptation to the environment and ultimate survival. ...
... • The evolutionary perspective stresses the role of physiological structures and behaviors in an organism's adaptation to the environment and ultimate survival. ...
Thomas A. Woolsey
... The human nervous system is complex and sophisticated. It is the most remarkable system in biology. A major challenge for neuroscience, psychology, medicine, and, indeed, for civilization is to understand the nervous system at the same fundamental levels at which we now understand other organ system ...
... The human nervous system is complex and sophisticated. It is the most remarkable system in biology. A major challenge for neuroscience, psychology, medicine, and, indeed, for civilization is to understand the nervous system at the same fundamental levels at which we now understand other organ system ...
Vascular Spasm in Cat Cerebral Cortex
... penetrating cortical vessels than with capillary occlusion, otherwise there has to be an explanation for simultaneous occlusion of many capillaries in one area with sparing of the capillaries in adjacent areas. Second, the perivascular lesions seen in humans following circulatory arrest combined wit ...
... penetrating cortical vessels than with capillary occlusion, otherwise there has to be an explanation for simultaneous occlusion of many capillaries in one area with sparing of the capillaries in adjacent areas. Second, the perivascular lesions seen in humans following circulatory arrest combined wit ...
Differential roles of delay-period neural activity in the monkey
... These two types of cells may participate in two complementary processes: Sensory-coupled cells hold information of stimuli, and preparatory-set cells prepare for action in response to that information. These findings imply that the DLPFC plays a critical role in temporal organization of behavior by ...
... These two types of cells may participate in two complementary processes: Sensory-coupled cells hold information of stimuli, and preparatory-set cells prepare for action in response to that information. These findings imply that the DLPFC plays a critical role in temporal organization of behavior by ...