Homeostatic plasticity mechanisms in mouse V1
... that the regulation of neuronal firing is achieved by multiple mechanisms acting at a range of levels, from the molecular to the rewiring of neural circuits. Whether these constitute a homeostat, strictly speaking, is a matter for discussion, but all have the desired effect of restoring firing rates ...
... that the regulation of neuronal firing is achieved by multiple mechanisms acting at a range of levels, from the molecular to the rewiring of neural circuits. Whether these constitute a homeostat, strictly speaking, is a matter for discussion, but all have the desired effect of restoring firing rates ...
GAIT AND LOCOMOTION
... involvement is minimal: when the animal is required to go over barriers in the travel path or is constrained to place its paws on a specific location (such as rungs of a ladder) the intensity (but not the phase) of the activity in the corticospinal tract increases dramatically (Bronstein et al 2003) ...
... involvement is minimal: when the animal is required to go over barriers in the travel path or is constrained to place its paws on a specific location (such as rungs of a ladder) the intensity (but not the phase) of the activity in the corticospinal tract increases dramatically (Bronstein et al 2003) ...
Uncomfortable images produce non-sparse responses in a model of
... of neural population responses, when the distributions of cells are taken into account, is much greater than suggested by Field’s original model. These results demonstrate the important role played by the combination of the statistics of the input image and the properties of cortical filters in dete ...
... of neural population responses, when the distributions of cells are taken into account, is much greater than suggested by Field’s original model. These results demonstrate the important role played by the combination of the statistics of the input image and the properties of cortical filters in dete ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
Ecological dominance, social competition, and coalitionary arms
... Sexual selection is another recent explanation consistent with several characteristics of hominin cognitive evolution (Darwin, 1871; Miller, 2000). The main idea is that mate choice by hominin females for increasingly intelligent males was an important selective pressure acting on cognitive abilitie ...
... Sexual selection is another recent explanation consistent with several characteristics of hominin cognitive evolution (Darwin, 1871; Miller, 2000). The main idea is that mate choice by hominin females for increasingly intelligent males was an important selective pressure acting on cognitive abilitie ...
Glial Cells: The Other Cells of the Nervous System
... kind line the walls of the capillary supplying the brain. These endothelial cells overlap each other, almost fusing in regipns due to 'tight junctions' between their membranes. As mentioned earlier, astrocytes extend a 'foot process' (Figure 3) that may almost completely surround the brain capillari ...
... kind line the walls of the capillary supplying the brain. These endothelial cells overlap each other, almost fusing in regipns due to 'tight junctions' between their membranes. As mentioned earlier, astrocytes extend a 'foot process' (Figure 3) that may almost completely surround the brain capillari ...
Information transmission and recovery in neural communications
... may be recovered at a later waystation and thus become useful again. Our discussion of the transmission properties of active neural channels is phrased in the context of an idealized channel composed on one neuron N1 that receives information in the form of a spike train and passes this on, modulate ...
... may be recovered at a later waystation and thus become useful again. Our discussion of the transmission properties of active neural channels is phrased in the context of an idealized channel composed on one neuron N1 that receives information in the form of a spike train and passes this on, modulate ...
Sympathetic nervous system
... another. The nerve impulse is an electrical signal which is carried by chemicals called neurotransmitters. • This happens at very high speed e.g. visual information seems to be encoded within 50100 milliseconds of neuronal activity. ...
... another. The nerve impulse is an electrical signal which is carried by chemicals called neurotransmitters. • This happens at very high speed e.g. visual information seems to be encoded within 50100 milliseconds of neuronal activity. ...
The Neurobiology of Addiction
... receptive elements on neurons. This process leads to a cascade of intracellular events that changes the excitability of the cell and ultimately alters neuronal circuit activity. A circuit can be defined as a group of connected neurons that pass information related to a specific function. AOD’s hypot ...
... receptive elements on neurons. This process leads to a cascade of intracellular events that changes the excitability of the cell and ultimately alters neuronal circuit activity. A circuit can be defined as a group of connected neurons that pass information related to a specific function. AOD’s hypot ...
nips2.frame - /marty/papers/drotdil
... Weights are also clipped to maximum and minimum values. The change in each weight, ∆weightij, is a simple fraction, δ, of the product of the pre- and post-synaptic values: ∆weight ij = δin i out j ...
... Weights are also clipped to maximum and minimum values. The change in each weight, ∆weightij, is a simple fraction, δ, of the product of the pre- and post-synaptic values: ∆weight ij = δin i out j ...
THE SENSORIMOTOR SYSTEM (p.l) 1. Introduction Like the
... and are changed by the amount of prior practice/learning note: Ballistic movements (fast, brief, well-practiced) do not require sensory feedback (e.g. swatting a fly) note: much of sensory feedback in unconscious (e.g. proprioception) note: during initial phases of motor learning, performance is und ...
... and are changed by the amount of prior practice/learning note: Ballistic movements (fast, brief, well-practiced) do not require sensory feedback (e.g. swatting a fly) note: much of sensory feedback in unconscious (e.g. proprioception) note: during initial phases of motor learning, performance is und ...
Cortical Plasticity - Lund University Publications
... based on synaptic plasticity mainly depending on what is called LTP (long-term potentiation) of excitatory synapses following a Hebbian learning rule (Buonomano & Merzenich, 1998). At a synaptic level this means an increasing strength between synapses which fires together. At a higher neuronal level ...
... based on synaptic plasticity mainly depending on what is called LTP (long-term potentiation) of excitatory synapses following a Hebbian learning rule (Buonomano & Merzenich, 1998). At a synaptic level this means an increasing strength between synapses which fires together. At a higher neuronal level ...
Handout: E-Brain Manual - Faculty Web Sites at the University of
... Embryonic Divisions Another organizational strategy for studying the brain is based on embryonic development. Specific segments of developing neural tissue give rise to groups of structures. This system overlaps well with the basic brain divisions. For example, the forebrain consists of the telence ...
... Embryonic Divisions Another organizational strategy for studying the brain is based on embryonic development. Specific segments of developing neural tissue give rise to groups of structures. This system overlaps well with the basic brain divisions. For example, the forebrain consists of the telence ...
Network Self-Organization Explains the Statistics and
... The information processing abilities of neural circuits arise from their synaptic connection patterns. Understanding the laws governing these connectivity patterns is essential for understanding brain function. The overall distribution of synaptic strengths of local excitatory connections in cortex ...
... The information processing abilities of neural circuits arise from their synaptic connection patterns. Understanding the laws governing these connectivity patterns is essential for understanding brain function. The overall distribution of synaptic strengths of local excitatory connections in cortex ...
Optic Glomeruli and Their Inputs inDrosophilaShare an
... whether these neurons show selective responses to particular visual stimuli. To test the effect of flicker, one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted using time (time windows a ⬃ e; see Fig. 7B,C) as the sole factor. If a significant effect of time was found, multiple comparisons among pairs of ...
... whether these neurons show selective responses to particular visual stimuli. To test the effect of flicker, one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted using time (time windows a ⬃ e; see Fig. 7B,C) as the sole factor. If a significant effect of time was found, multiple comparisons among pairs of ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... is the discovery of ‘default-mode’ networks inversely correlated with directed behavior and perceptual tasks (Raichle and Snyder, 2007). Understanding when these networks form is an important goal, because their disruption during development is predicted to be causally linked to the onset of neurolo ...
... is the discovery of ‘default-mode’ networks inversely correlated with directed behavior and perceptual tasks (Raichle and Snyder, 2007). Understanding when these networks form is an important goal, because their disruption during development is predicted to be causally linked to the onset of neurolo ...
Richard J. Wurtman by Thomas A. Ban
... I started in medical school. I was lucky; Harvard had just started a program which would encourage medical students to do laboratory research, and so by the end of my first year I had started a research project. While I was in medical school, I spent almost as much time on research projects as on be ...
... I started in medical school. I was lucky; Harvard had just started a program which would encourage medical students to do laboratory research, and so by the end of my first year I had started a research project. While I was in medical school, I spent almost as much time on research projects as on be ...
bupropion and the autonomic nervous system
... which "messages" are conducted from the brain to the muscles and all of the organs of the body. The somatic part of the nervous system has sensory components which convey sensations from the eyes, the nose and other sensory organs to the brain (mainly the cerebral cortex) where most of the impulses ...
... which "messages" are conducted from the brain to the muscles and all of the organs of the body. The somatic part of the nervous system has sensory components which convey sensations from the eyes, the nose and other sensory organs to the brain (mainly the cerebral cortex) where most of the impulses ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier Store
... FIGURE 20.4 Upper Panel: Development of the dendritic morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons. Pyramidal neurons are generated from radial glial precursors in the dorsal telencephalon during embryonic development. Upon cell cycle exit from the ventricular zone (VZ), young post-mitotic neurons migr ...
... FIGURE 20.4 Upper Panel: Development of the dendritic morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons. Pyramidal neurons are generated from radial glial precursors in the dorsal telencephalon during embryonic development. Upon cell cycle exit from the ventricular zone (VZ), young post-mitotic neurons migr ...
Distributed patterns of reactivation predict vividness of recollection.
... These findings suggest that recollection and reactivation are different facets (one subjective, one objective) of the same underlying brain processes, but more evidence is needed. With the current study, our aim was to further explore the relationship between distributed patterns of stimulus-specifi ...
... These findings suggest that recollection and reactivation are different facets (one subjective, one objective) of the same underlying brain processes, but more evidence is needed. With the current study, our aim was to further explore the relationship between distributed patterns of stimulus-specifi ...
fluctuations in somatosensory responsiveness and baseline firing
... administered in the second group of experiments (N⫽30 neurons). In the third group, injection manipulations with the empty device on the rat’s head were simulated (N⫽24 neurons). The latter two groups did not statistically differ from each other in any parameter, which made it possible to combine th ...
... administered in the second group of experiments (N⫽30 neurons). In the third group, injection manipulations with the empty device on the rat’s head were simulated (N⫽24 neurons). The latter two groups did not statistically differ from each other in any parameter, which made it possible to combine th ...
Slide 1
... Maps can be generated by intracortical microstimulation Sites controlling individual muscles are distributed over a wide area of motor cortex Muscle representations overlap in cortex Stimulation of single sites activates several muscles (diverging innervation) Many motor cortical neurons contribute ...
... Maps can be generated by intracortical microstimulation Sites controlling individual muscles are distributed over a wide area of motor cortex Muscle representations overlap in cortex Stimulation of single sites activates several muscles (diverging innervation) Many motor cortical neurons contribute ...
Neurosteroids: Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes and
... human of two isoforms of the enzyme: type I 3b-HSD which is mainly expressed in the placenta (Luu-The et al., 1989) and type II 3b-HSD which is predominantly expressed in the adrenal gland and gonads (Rhéaume et al., 1991). Four types of 3b-HSD cDNAs (types I-IV) have been characterized in the rat ...
... human of two isoforms of the enzyme: type I 3b-HSD which is mainly expressed in the placenta (Luu-The et al., 1989) and type II 3b-HSD which is predominantly expressed in the adrenal gland and gonads (Rhéaume et al., 1991). Four types of 3b-HSD cDNAs (types I-IV) have been characterized in the rat ...
Developmental regulation and individual differences of neuronal
... activities (15/20 genes) (FDR = 8.4 e−12, 9.4 e−7, and 4.6 e−11). Fig. 3 shows that there are two tightly connected components in the enriched biological processes, one centered on neuron development and the other on synaptic transmission. Among the genes with neuron-specific H3K4me3 peaks are many k ...
... activities (15/20 genes) (FDR = 8.4 e−12, 9.4 e−7, and 4.6 e−11). Fig. 3 shows that there are two tightly connected components in the enriched biological processes, one centered on neuron development and the other on synaptic transmission. Among the genes with neuron-specific H3K4me3 peaks are many k ...