Human Physiology/The Nervous System
... depolarization, causing a decrease in the possibility of an axon discharge. If they are both equal to their charges, then the Nerve Synapse operation will cancel itself out. There are two types of summation: spatial and temporal. Spatial summation requires several excitatory synapses (firing several ...
... depolarization, causing a decrease in the possibility of an axon discharge. If they are both equal to their charges, then the Nerve Synapse operation will cancel itself out. There are two types of summation: spatial and temporal. Spatial summation requires several excitatory synapses (firing several ...
Slide 1
... – conveyed through monosynaptic connections with the motoneurons of the trigeminal motor nucleus, – results in the jaw-closing reflex ...
... – conveyed through monosynaptic connections with the motoneurons of the trigeminal motor nucleus, – results in the jaw-closing reflex ...
Functional Neuroanatomy for Posture and Gait Control
... motor pattern is generated by spinal locomotor networks that is termed as the central pattern generators (CPG). However, in order to learn motor skills or behave in unfamiliar circumstance, the subject requires cognitive posture-gait control that depends on cognition of self-body information togethe ...
... motor pattern is generated by spinal locomotor networks that is termed as the central pattern generators (CPG). However, in order to learn motor skills or behave in unfamiliar circumstance, the subject requires cognitive posture-gait control that depends on cognition of self-body information togethe ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... et al. 2012; Ranasinghe, Vrana, et al. 2012; Ranasinghe, Carraway, et al. 2012). We chose this method because our earlier studies showed that the performance of this classifier is highly correlated with rat behavioral discrimination (Engineer et al. 2008; Shetake et al. 2011; Perez et al. 2012; Ranas ...
... et al. 2012; Ranasinghe, Vrana, et al. 2012; Ranasinghe, Carraway, et al. 2012). We chose this method because our earlier studies showed that the performance of this classifier is highly correlated with rat behavioral discrimination (Engineer et al. 2008; Shetake et al. 2011; Perez et al. 2012; Ranas ...
17-1 Chapter 17 ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE CEREBRAL
... structures. The major parts of the limbic system are as follows: (1) structures of the temporal lobe of the cortex: the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal cortex; (2) other cortical structures: the orbital and cingulate cortices; (3) anterior and dorsomedial thalamic nuclei; (4) the hypothal ...
... structures. The major parts of the limbic system are as follows: (1) structures of the temporal lobe of the cortex: the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal cortex; (2) other cortical structures: the orbital and cingulate cortices; (3) anterior and dorsomedial thalamic nuclei; (4) the hypothal ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... and whether the biosynthesis of these peptides by external and internal stimuli might represent a mechanism by which these neurons produce an integrated response. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate our research strategy by describing these two separate projects. These projects are focused on ...
... and whether the biosynthesis of these peptides by external and internal stimuli might represent a mechanism by which these neurons produce an integrated response. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate our research strategy by describing these two separate projects. These projects are focused on ...
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... as “ba,” while stimuli with longer voice onset times are categorized as “pa” (Manis et al. 1997; Werker and Tees 1987). Dyslexic individuals have a less-defined perceptual divide in discriminating phonemes. When asked to delete or exchange 2 phonemes in a spoken phrase (i.e., turn “dog house” into “h ...
... as “ba,” while stimuli with longer voice onset times are categorized as “pa” (Manis et al. 1997; Werker and Tees 1987). Dyslexic individuals have a less-defined perceptual divide in discriminating phonemes. When asked to delete or exchange 2 phonemes in a spoken phrase (i.e., turn “dog house” into “h ...
Otx Genes and the Genetic Control of Brain
... The adult brain consists of a number of regions and subregions that are characterized by diverse cell types deriving from a neuroepithelial sheet of cells in the embryo. During brain development, distinct regions in this cell layer are specified following a precise patterning mechanism conferring to ...
... The adult brain consists of a number of regions and subregions that are characterized by diverse cell types deriving from a neuroepithelial sheet of cells in the embryo. During brain development, distinct regions in this cell layer are specified following a precise patterning mechanism conferring to ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... as “ba,” while stimuli with longer voice onset times are categorized as “pa” (Manis et al. 1997; Werker and Tees 1987). Dyslexic individuals have a less-defined perceptual divide in discriminating phonemes. When asked to delete or exchange 2 phonemes in a spoken phrase (i.e., turn “dog house” into “h ...
... as “ba,” while stimuli with longer voice onset times are categorized as “pa” (Manis et al. 1997; Werker and Tees 1987). Dyslexic individuals have a less-defined perceptual divide in discriminating phonemes. When asked to delete or exchange 2 phonemes in a spoken phrase (i.e., turn “dog house” into “h ...
Generation of Rapid Eye Movements during Paradoxical Sleep in
... Therefore, and because the evolution of species is parsimonious, a plausible hypothesis would be that during PS in humans, REMs are generated by mechanisms similar to PGO waves. Using positron emission tomography and iterative cerebral blood flow measurements by H 215O infusions, we predicted that t ...
... Therefore, and because the evolution of species is parsimonious, a plausible hypothesis would be that during PS in humans, REMs are generated by mechanisms similar to PGO waves. Using positron emission tomography and iterative cerebral blood flow measurements by H 215O infusions, we predicted that t ...
Vocal Control Neuron Incorporation Decreases with Age in the Adult
... (n ⫽ 32) were between the ages of 4 and 36 months at the time of [ 3H]thymidine injection and were killed 120 d after cell birth dating to follow the long-term survival of the [ 3H]thymidine-labeled neurons. There is a substantial culling of new neurons between 1 and 4 months after birth dating in t ...
... (n ⫽ 32) were between the ages of 4 and 36 months at the time of [ 3H]thymidine injection and were killed 120 d after cell birth dating to follow the long-term survival of the [ 3H]thymidine-labeled neurons. There is a substantial culling of new neurons between 1 and 4 months after birth dating in t ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... neuron were stable. One iteration consisted of a set of trials on each one of which one of the stimuli from the set was shown. The order of presentation of the stimuli was re-randomized for each iteration. Then the standard set of images was replaced with a set of 4-9 novel face images. (None of the ...
... neuron were stable. One iteration consisted of a set of trials on each one of which one of the stimuli from the set was shown. The order of presentation of the stimuli was re-randomized for each iteration. Then the standard set of images was replaced with a set of 4-9 novel face images. (None of the ...
Seizure Disorder PowerPoint.2014-02-04
... Causes of Seizures • Problems with brain development before birth • Lack of oxygen or damage to brain during/after birth • Brain injury • Brain infections • Metabolic conditions • Interruption in blood flow to the brain (e.g., stroke) • Brain tumor ...
... Causes of Seizures • Problems with brain development before birth • Lack of oxygen or damage to brain during/after birth • Brain injury • Brain infections • Metabolic conditions • Interruption in blood flow to the brain (e.g., stroke) • Brain tumor ...
Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action
... 2.1. Essential elements of action In this quote and later discussions he captured five essential ideas that form the foundations of research in action representation. The first is the notion of chaining. His concept of a chaining structure for movement elements is very different from an earlier theory ...
... 2.1. Essential elements of action In this quote and later discussions he captured five essential ideas that form the foundations of research in action representation. The first is the notion of chaining. His concept of a chaining structure for movement elements is very different from an earlier theory ...
The neural basis of puberty and adolescence
... nisms can be categorized as those that act without hormonal information from the gonads (steroid independent) and those that act in the presence of gonadal steroids (steroid dependent). In some altricial species, those that are not well developed at birth, steroid-independent mechanisms are primaril ...
... nisms can be categorized as those that act without hormonal information from the gonads (steroid independent) and those that act in the presence of gonadal steroids (steroid dependent). In some altricial species, those that are not well developed at birth, steroid-independent mechanisms are primaril ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... compared to neurons, is that the membrane voltage of astrocytes is more sensitive to changes in extracellular [KⳭ] ([KⳭ]o). For example, when [KⳭ]o is raised from 4 to 20 mM, astrocytes depolarize by ⬃25 mV, compared to only ⬃5 mV for neurons (16). This relative insensitivity of neuronal resting pot ...
... compared to neurons, is that the membrane voltage of astrocytes is more sensitive to changes in extracellular [KⳭ] ([KⳭ]o). For example, when [KⳭ]o is raised from 4 to 20 mM, astrocytes depolarize by ⬃25 mV, compared to only ⬃5 mV for neurons (16). This relative insensitivity of neuronal resting pot ...
35 | the nervous system
... endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and other cellular components. Neurons also contain unique structures, illustrated in Figure 35.3 for receiving and sending the electrical signals that make neuronal communication possible. Dendrites are tree-like structures that extend away from ...
... endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and other cellular components. Neurons also contain unique structures, illustrated in Figure 35.3 for receiving and sending the electrical signals that make neuronal communication possible. Dendrites are tree-like structures that extend away from ...
Introductory Psychology Concepts
... Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Neuron and the Synapse Identify parts of the neuron and synapse and describe how they communicate information. ...
... Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Neuron and the Synapse Identify parts of the neuron and synapse and describe how they communicate information. ...
Cortical interactions underlying the production of speech sounds
... Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate frame, are based on the results of neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies of speech production and articulation (see Guenther et al., 2006, for details). Since the model’s components correspond to groups of neurons at specific anatomical locations, it ...
... Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate frame, are based on the results of neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies of speech production and articulation (see Guenther et al., 2006, for details). Since the model’s components correspond to groups of neurons at specific anatomical locations, it ...
REVIEW Reticular formation and spinal cord injury
... made complete severance of their connections almost impossible unless the relevant part of the CNS is completely destroyed. This is why the system can hardly be studied by traditional degeneration method. As a result, it had never been properly studied and understood until recently when new techniqu ...
... made complete severance of their connections almost impossible unless the relevant part of the CNS is completely destroyed. This is why the system can hardly be studied by traditional degeneration method. As a result, it had never been properly studied and understood until recently when new techniqu ...
The Nervous System
... – The opening of these channels accelerates the movement of ions across the plasma membrane, resulting in a change in membrane potential • Depolarization is a shift towards a more positive (0 mV) membrane potential – Ex) The opening of gated sodium channels accelerates the entry of Na+ into the cell ...
... – The opening of these channels accelerates the movement of ions across the plasma membrane, resulting in a change in membrane potential • Depolarization is a shift towards a more positive (0 mV) membrane potential – Ex) The opening of gated sodium channels accelerates the entry of Na+ into the cell ...
Specific and Nonspecific Plasticity of the Primary
... • After recording and studying the auditory responses of MGB neurons, these electrodes were connected to the cathode and anode of the constant current stimulus isolator for electric stimulation. • The distance between two electrodes was vertically 50–150m. Because of this vertical short distance, ...
... • After recording and studying the auditory responses of MGB neurons, these electrodes were connected to the cathode and anode of the constant current stimulus isolator for electric stimulation. • The distance between two electrodes was vertically 50–150m. Because of this vertical short distance, ...
Integrated model of visual processing
... have very high magnification factors [11,13,38]. This means for example that the axon of a V1 or V2 neuron with a foveal receptive field cannot reach beyond 0.68 away in the visual field (assuming a maximal axon length of 6 mm). Longer distances can be reached in the region of cortex coding peripher ...
... have very high magnification factors [11,13,38]. This means for example that the axon of a V1 or V2 neuron with a foveal receptive field cannot reach beyond 0.68 away in the visual field (assuming a maximal axon length of 6 mm). Longer distances can be reached in the region of cortex coding peripher ...
Zmysły chemiczne
... species. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others. They are known to be used especially by insects. No pheromonal substance has ever been demonstrated to directly influence human behavior in a peer reviewed study. Yet some studies (McClintock, 1971) suggest ...
... species. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others. They are known to be used especially by insects. No pheromonal substance has ever been demonstrated to directly influence human behavior in a peer reviewed study. Yet some studies (McClintock, 1971) suggest ...
Sensory feedback for upper limb prostheses
... and texture (SA1). The RA afferents are highly sensitive to minute movements on the skin, sense when objects begin to slip in the hand, and provide sensory feedback to the user about increasing grip force. Clearly, this afferent system is important if the prosthesis is to be used to grasp and lift o ...
... and texture (SA1). The RA afferents are highly sensitive to minute movements on the skin, sense when objects begin to slip in the hand, and provide sensory feedback to the user about increasing grip force. Clearly, this afferent system is important if the prosthesis is to be used to grasp and lift o ...