L2 Cleavage to gastrulation
... Embryonic stem cells(ESC) from inner mass cells,totipotent can give rise to all embryonic cells except trophoblast.ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. ESC form pluripotent stem cellcommitted stem cell then progenitor/precursor cellsdifferentiate into a cell lineage. Example haemangioblastmultip ...
... Embryonic stem cells(ESC) from inner mass cells,totipotent can give rise to all embryonic cells except trophoblast.ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. ESC form pluripotent stem cellcommitted stem cell then progenitor/precursor cellsdifferentiate into a cell lineage. Example haemangioblastmultip ...
Frog Mesoderm
... forms in pharyngeal region splanchnic mesenchyme migrates aggregates to form central tube: endocardium fusion of lateral mesoderm (in ventral region) encirclement of endocardium (towards dorsal where layer fuses) ...
... forms in pharyngeal region splanchnic mesenchyme migrates aggregates to form central tube: endocardium fusion of lateral mesoderm (in ventral region) encirclement of endocardium (towards dorsal where layer fuses) ...
Objectives 31
... - Cortical cells respond to stripes or edges with a particular orientation; simple cells have excitatory and inhibitory regions in the shape of oriented bars; complex cells respond to oriented lines of a particular length -other neurons are more concerned with color than with black/white contrast; t ...
... - Cortical cells respond to stripes or edges with a particular orientation; simple cells have excitatory and inhibitory regions in the shape of oriented bars; complex cells respond to oriented lines of a particular length -other neurons are more concerned with color than with black/white contrast; t ...
Algorithmic Problems Related To The Internet
... From the Discussion section of [al. et Axel] …an odorant may evoke suprathreshold input in a small subset of … neurons. This small fraction of ... cells would then generate sufficient recurrent excitation to recruit a larger population of neurons... The strong feedback inhibition resulting from act ...
... From the Discussion section of [al. et Axel] …an odorant may evoke suprathreshold input in a small subset of … neurons. This small fraction of ... cells would then generate sufficient recurrent excitation to recruit a larger population of neurons... The strong feedback inhibition resulting from act ...
Biology and Behaviour 40s
... • Because the limbic system is involved in motivation and emotion, it is linked to more primitive and basic functions whereas the cerebral cortex is involved in rationality, thinking, memory, and planning. ...
... • Because the limbic system is involved in motivation and emotion, it is linked to more primitive and basic functions whereas the cerebral cortex is involved in rationality, thinking, memory, and planning. ...
1. nervous system
... functions to protect, or to enhance its functioning (Fig. 1-6). The supportive activities are of various types such as making available oxygen and nutrients. They also provide a physical support to the neurons to maintain them in place and in some cases to insulate them. The last known role of these ...
... functions to protect, or to enhance its functioning (Fig. 1-6). The supportive activities are of various types such as making available oxygen and nutrients. They also provide a physical support to the neurons to maintain them in place and in some cases to insulate them. The last known role of these ...
Eye to cortex
... Figure 6.4 Visual path within the eyeball The receptors send their messages to bipolar and horizontal cells, which in turn send messages to the amacrine and ganglion cells. The axons of the ganglion cells loop together to exit the eye at the blind spot. They form the optic nerve, which continues to ...
... Figure 6.4 Visual path within the eyeball The receptors send their messages to bipolar and horizontal cells, which in turn send messages to the amacrine and ganglion cells. The axons of the ganglion cells loop together to exit the eye at the blind spot. They form the optic nerve, which continues to ...
learning objectives chapter 2
... Define and describe the functions of the nervous system. (see “Cells of the Nervous System” ) ...
... Define and describe the functions of the nervous system. (see “Cells of the Nervous System” ) ...
Second exam study questions
... 1. What is sensory transduction? How is intensity of a stimulus coded? How is duration of a stimulus coded? (What is the difference between a tonic and phasic receptor?) How is the location of a stimulus coded? ( eg a particular place on the skin?) . How does lateral inhibition improve detection of ...
... 1. What is sensory transduction? How is intensity of a stimulus coded? How is duration of a stimulus coded? (What is the difference between a tonic and phasic receptor?) How is the location of a stimulus coded? ( eg a particular place on the skin?) . How does lateral inhibition improve detection of ...
Activation of CA3 neurons by optogenetic stimulation of mossy fiber
... of CA3 neurons. We found that some CA3 neurons were reliably activated or inactivated by optogenetic stimulation of mossy fiber terminals. As a consequence, their spatial firing on the track was altered during optogenetic stimulation. These results indicate that optogenetic stimulation of mossy fibe ...
... of CA3 neurons. We found that some CA3 neurons were reliably activated or inactivated by optogenetic stimulation of mossy fiber terminals. As a consequence, their spatial firing on the track was altered during optogenetic stimulation. These results indicate that optogenetic stimulation of mossy fibe ...
Slide ()
... Organization of the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. Hypothalamic neurons in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei synthesize arginine vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OXY). Most of their axons project directly to the posterior pituitary, from which AVP and OXY are secreted into ...
... Organization of the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. Hypothalamic neurons in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei synthesize arginine vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OXY). Most of their axons project directly to the posterior pituitary, from which AVP and OXY are secreted into ...
File
... ˃ Gap between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron ˃ Tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft (less than a millionth of an inch!) ...
... ˃ Gap between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron ˃ Tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft (less than a millionth of an inch!) ...
Cells of the Nervous System
... • An axon terminal is the neuron ending. • It contains synaptic vesicles that contain neurotransmitter (chemical messenger) that carries the nervous system message from one neuron to the next across a gap between the neurons known as a synapse or from the neuron to a muscle cell across a gap known a ...
... • An axon terminal is the neuron ending. • It contains synaptic vesicles that contain neurotransmitter (chemical messenger) that carries the nervous system message from one neuron to the next across a gap between the neurons known as a synapse or from the neuron to a muscle cell across a gap known a ...
Developmental biology 2008 Lecture 3
... embryo, causing the eye field to be split in two. Inactivating mutations of sonic hedgehog cause cyclopism: development of only one eye. ...
... embryo, causing the eye field to be split in two. Inactivating mutations of sonic hedgehog cause cyclopism: development of only one eye. ...
The Deferred Event Model for Hardware-Oriented Spiking
... real neurons having axonal delays, usually of the order of 1-20 ms, if the processor can propagate the required updates following an event in less time than the interval between events that affect a given output, it can use that time difference to defer the event processing until the occurrence of t ...
... real neurons having axonal delays, usually of the order of 1-20 ms, if the processor can propagate the required updates following an event in less time than the interval between events that affect a given output, it can use that time difference to defer the event processing until the occurrence of t ...
Jeopardy Bio Basis of Human Behavior
... Term used to describe systems that work in opposition to each other (like the autonomic NS) ...
... Term used to describe systems that work in opposition to each other (like the autonomic NS) ...
39_LectureSlides
... With a surrogate mother, most extreme symptoms not present; peer contact alleviated further symptoms. Isolation of animals after 18 months did not have such consequences. ...
... With a surrogate mother, most extreme symptoms not present; peer contact alleviated further symptoms. Isolation of animals after 18 months did not have such consequences. ...
Zygote (2n)
... *Although the blood of the mother and baby never mix, certain chemicals are able to pass through the placenta to the baby’s blood. A. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: ...
... *Although the blood of the mother and baby never mix, certain chemicals are able to pass through the placenta to the baby’s blood. A. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: ...
Pietro Berkes , Richard E. Turner , József Fiser
... multi-dimensional, multi-modal distributions. The brain needs to make decision in real time in a constantly fluctuating environment. Is this proposal for neural representation of uncertainty viable in practice? ...
... multi-dimensional, multi-modal distributions. The brain needs to make decision in real time in a constantly fluctuating environment. Is this proposal for neural representation of uncertainty viable in practice? ...
Sermon Presentation
... A set of highly inter-related brain structures which, when seen from the side, seem to nest inside each other, encircling the brainstem in a 'wishbone'. it supports a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long term memory, the formation of memory, Learning and cognitive processing and ol ...
... A set of highly inter-related brain structures which, when seen from the side, seem to nest inside each other, encircling the brainstem in a 'wishbone'. it supports a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long term memory, the formation of memory, Learning and cognitive processing and ol ...
Chapters 13, and 14
... The action potential occurs in each successive portion of an axon. A refractory period ensures that the action potential will not move backwards. In myelinated fibers the action potential only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier. This is called saltatory conduction. The Synapse Transmission of the nerve ...
... The action potential occurs in each successive portion of an axon. A refractory period ensures that the action potential will not move backwards. In myelinated fibers the action potential only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier. This is called saltatory conduction. The Synapse Transmission of the nerve ...
Brain and Nervous System Overview
... The simple version Pre-synaptic Action potential initiates at synapse (through allowing passage of Ca++) - unidirectional Causes vesicle passage ~300 vesicles per action potential containing chemical transmitter (excitatory or inhibitory) (i.e. ACH acetylcholine or GABA) Each vesicle contains ~10,00 ...
... The simple version Pre-synaptic Action potential initiates at synapse (through allowing passage of Ca++) - unidirectional Causes vesicle passage ~300 vesicles per action potential containing chemical transmitter (excitatory or inhibitory) (i.e. ACH acetylcholine or GABA) Each vesicle contains ~10,00 ...