polyp and medusa
... life begins in the form of a larva called a planula. The planula settles and develops into a an adult polyp. Depending on the type of cnidarian, the polyp can remain a polyp for life (like sea anemones and corals) or the polyp may develop into a medusa (like a jellyfish). Eventually becoming sexuall ...
... life begins in the form of a larva called a planula. The planula settles and develops into a an adult polyp. Depending on the type of cnidarian, the polyp can remain a polyp for life (like sea anemones and corals) or the polyp may develop into a medusa (like a jellyfish). Eventually becoming sexuall ...
DECODING NEURONAL FIRING AND MODELING NEURAL
... activity and describes how it changes with time. In cases where firing rates are used to describe activity, it is tempting to try to build a dynamic model based purely on firing rates, as is frequently done (Wilson & Cowan, 1972 & 1973; Hopfield, 1984; Frolov & Medvedev, 1986; Abbott, 1991a; Amit & ...
... activity and describes how it changes with time. In cases where firing rates are used to describe activity, it is tempting to try to build a dynamic model based purely on firing rates, as is frequently done (Wilson & Cowan, 1972 & 1973; Hopfield, 1984; Frolov & Medvedev, 1986; Abbott, 1991a; Amit & ...
one WHAT IS AN AMPHIBIAN MALFORMATION?
... In deciding between epigenetic and trauma-based causes, trauma oftentimes seems the least likely. Trauma can and does happen, and perhaps most trauma in amphibian larvae comes from failed predation attempts. However, we expect trauma to produce scarring, and most malformed animals show no signs of s ...
... In deciding between epigenetic and trauma-based causes, trauma oftentimes seems the least likely. Trauma can and does happen, and perhaps most trauma in amphibian larvae comes from failed predation attempts. However, we expect trauma to produce scarring, and most malformed animals show no signs of s ...
Motor Cortex
... Has about 1012 neurons, each of which may receive as many as 200,000 synapses – talk about integration! Although these numbers connote a high level of complexity, the CNS is actually quite orderly. ...
... Has about 1012 neurons, each of which may receive as many as 200,000 synapses – talk about integration! Although these numbers connote a high level of complexity, the CNS is actually quite orderly. ...
Harding, G. W. and A. L. Towe. 1995. Neuron Response to Direct
... Evidently, not all neurons that respond to skin stimulation also respond to stimulation of the cortical surface: those m neurons which receive an inhibitory influence from local s neurons, as estimated from their modulation ratios, do not respond to such stimulation. Some s neurons also fail to resp ...
... Evidently, not all neurons that respond to skin stimulation also respond to stimulation of the cortical surface: those m neurons which receive an inhibitory influence from local s neurons, as estimated from their modulation ratios, do not respond to such stimulation. Some s neurons also fail to resp ...
Excitation of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic and
... To characterize the effect of orexins on VTA neurons, we performed whole-cell current-clamp recordings in slices. Cells were filled with biocytin by diffusion from the patch pipette and identified post hoc by staining for TH. To ensure that orexin effects on neuronal firing were not an artifact of d ...
... To characterize the effect of orexins on VTA neurons, we performed whole-cell current-clamp recordings in slices. Cells were filled with biocytin by diffusion from the patch pipette and identified post hoc by staining for TH. To ensure that orexin effects on neuronal firing were not an artifact of d ...
NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY SYSTEMS
... n-by-p matrix of real number whose entries are the synaptic efficacies. m ij the ijth synapse is excitatory if m ij 0 inhibitory if m ij 0 The matrix M describes the forward projections from neuron field FX to neuron field FY The matrix N describes the backward projections from neuron field FY t ...
... n-by-p matrix of real number whose entries are the synaptic efficacies. m ij the ijth synapse is excitatory if m ij 0 inhibitory if m ij 0 The matrix M describes the forward projections from neuron field FX to neuron field FY The matrix N describes the backward projections from neuron field FY t ...
Arbib, 2008 - Semantic Scholar
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. I stress that a mirror system does not provide imitation in itself. A monkey with an action in its repertoire may have mirror neurons active both when executing and observing that action yet does not repeat the ...
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. I stress that a mirror system does not provide imitation in itself. A monkey with an action in its repertoire may have mirror neurons active both when executing and observing that action yet does not repeat the ...
Solutions of the BCM learning rule in a network of lateral interacting
... The method we use here is a novel direct method in which we study a matrix form of the dynamics using D T , the matrix spanned by the individual input vectors (d). We solve a deterministic matrix equation (e.g., equation (3)) rather than an equation averaged over the inputs. This method enables anal ...
... The method we use here is a novel direct method in which we study a matrix form of the dynamics using D T , the matrix spanned by the individual input vectors (d). We solve a deterministic matrix equation (e.g., equation (3)) rather than an equation averaged over the inputs. This method enables anal ...
The Visual System: From Eye to Cortex - U
... • We all have a blind spot at the optic disk, due to the exit of axons from the retinal ganglion cells • We are normally unaware of our blind spots, even when looking through one stationary eye because of completion; the visual system is able to use visual information gathered from receptors around ...
... • We all have a blind spot at the optic disk, due to the exit of axons from the retinal ganglion cells • We are normally unaware of our blind spots, even when looking through one stationary eye because of completion; the visual system is able to use visual information gathered from receptors around ...
TOPIC: progesterone exert neuroprotective and myelinating effects
... central nervous system. Its effects on the reproductive and endocrine systems are well known, but a large and growing body of evidence, including a recently published pilot clinical trial, indicates that the hormone also exerts neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system. We now know that ...
... central nervous system. Its effects on the reproductive and endocrine systems are well known, but a large and growing body of evidence, including a recently published pilot clinical trial, indicates that the hormone also exerts neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system. We now know that ...
An implantable electrode design for both chronic in vivo
... nerve root (N2) in the crayfish Orconectes limosus to test the electrode design. This nerve is well accessible under the dorsal cuticle in the crayfish abdomen and contains axons of motor and sensory neurons that are active during the well-studied escape and positioning behavior. ...
... nerve root (N2) in the crayfish Orconectes limosus to test the electrode design. This nerve is well accessible under the dorsal cuticle in the crayfish abdomen and contains axons of motor and sensory neurons that are active during the well-studied escape and positioning behavior. ...
chronic morphine exposure affects visual response latency of the
... morphine exposure on the visual response latency of LGN cells and found that LGN neurons in morphine-treated cats exhibited significantly longer response latency than those in saline-treated cats. This suggests that visual information transfer is delayed in LGN cells by morphine administration. Chro ...
... morphine exposure on the visual response latency of LGN cells and found that LGN neurons in morphine-treated cats exhibited significantly longer response latency than those in saline-treated cats. This suggests that visual information transfer is delayed in LGN cells by morphine administration. Chro ...
PDF File - Max-Planck
... levels using in utero electroporation resulted in multipolar neurons stalled at the intermediate zone border. Reintroduction of the wild-type kinase postmitotically improved neuronal migration. Our results indicated that reduction in MARK2 affected centrosomal dynamics in migrating neurons of the ce ...
... levels using in utero electroporation resulted in multipolar neurons stalled at the intermediate zone border. Reintroduction of the wild-type kinase postmitotically improved neuronal migration. Our results indicated that reduction in MARK2 affected centrosomal dynamics in migrating neurons of the ce ...
Zmysły chemiczne
... volatile molecules released from the food in the mouth are pumped up to the olfactory epithelium. It is activated only when breathing out through the nose. Because the molecules arise from the food in the mouth, they are perceived as if they are sensed within the mouth. This retronasal smell has bee ...
... volatile molecules released from the food in the mouth are pumped up to the olfactory epithelium. It is activated only when breathing out through the nose. Because the molecules arise from the food in the mouth, they are perceived as if they are sensed within the mouth. This retronasal smell has bee ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... Simoes et al. 2010). Microstimulation of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex area 44 in rhesus monkeys, for example, results in orofacial movements (Petrides et al. 2005). Resolving this long-standing debate requires more direct evidence of frontal cortex neuronal response properties during natural voca ...
... Simoes et al. 2010). Microstimulation of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex area 44 in rhesus monkeys, for example, results in orofacial movements (Petrides et al. 2005). Resolving this long-standing debate requires more direct evidence of frontal cortex neuronal response properties during natural voca ...
Chapter 15: Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic
... Two types of axons carry painful sensations: Type A and Type C fibers. 1. Myelinated Type A fibers carry sensations of fast pain, or prickling pain, such as that caused by an injection or deep cut. These sensations reach the CNS very quickly and often trigger somatic reflexes. They are also relayed ...
... Two types of axons carry painful sensations: Type A and Type C fibers. 1. Myelinated Type A fibers carry sensations of fast pain, or prickling pain, such as that caused by an injection or deep cut. These sensations reach the CNS very quickly and often trigger somatic reflexes. They are also relayed ...
Characterization of the apoptotic functions of the HID homolog
... Apoptotic cell death is crucial for the normal development of animals. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death in which cell death is precisely regulated by a genetic program. Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively used as a model system to study the molecular basis of apoptosis. Reaper ( ...
... Apoptotic cell death is crucial for the normal development of animals. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death in which cell death is precisely regulated by a genetic program. Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively used as a model system to study the molecular basis of apoptosis. Reaper ( ...
ANATOMY - REPRODUCTION
... Gonorrhea proctitis, infection of the anus. Causes anal pain and blood or pus in feces. Oral/genital contact can cause infection of the mouth, throat, and tonsils. Can spread to internal parts of body, causing heart damage or arthritis. Up to now, gonorrhea was curable by antibiotic therapy, but res ...
... Gonorrhea proctitis, infection of the anus. Causes anal pain and blood or pus in feces. Oral/genital contact can cause infection of the mouth, throat, and tonsils. Can spread to internal parts of body, causing heart damage or arthritis. Up to now, gonorrhea was curable by antibiotic therapy, but res ...
Tutorial on Pattern Classification in Cell Recording
... We define a pseudo-population of neurons as a population of neurons that was not recorded simultaneously but is treated as if it were.2 To create pseudopopulations, one concatenates together responses from different neurons that were recorded when the same condition (stimulus) was presented into a p ...
... We define a pseudo-population of neurons as a population of neurons that was not recorded simultaneously but is treated as if it were.2 To create pseudopopulations, one concatenates together responses from different neurons that were recorded when the same condition (stimulus) was presented into a p ...
Cross-modal and cross-temporal association in neurons of frontal
... of sensory stimuli with motor acts13 or with reward14. Until now, however, there has been no evidence that PFC cells represent the association of sensory items of more than one sensory modality, or that they integrate these items across time. The purpose of our research was to obtain such evidence a ...
... of sensory stimuli with motor acts13 or with reward14. Until now, however, there has been no evidence that PFC cells represent the association of sensory items of more than one sensory modality, or that they integrate these items across time. The purpose of our research was to obtain such evidence a ...