Inferring spike-timing-dependent plasticity from spike train data
... For τ− > τ+ this corresponds to a more general Hebbian rule, where synapses are strengthened whenever pre- and post-synaptic spikes occur in close proximity. When spikes do not occur in close proximity the synapse is weakened. In this case, the parameters A+ , A− , τ+ , and τ− determine the magnitud ...
... For τ− > τ+ this corresponds to a more general Hebbian rule, where synapses are strengthened whenever pre- and post-synaptic spikes occur in close proximity. When spikes do not occur in close proximity the synapse is weakened. In this case, the parameters A+ , A− , τ+ , and τ− determine the magnitud ...
The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy. By
... ‐‐ Primary Visual area: surrounds the calcarine sulcus (禽距溝) on medial surface of occipital lobe (area 17)= striate area. Afferent: from lateral geniculate nucleus (外側膝狀核) ‐‐ Vision association areas: # 18, 19: ...
... ‐‐ Primary Visual area: surrounds the calcarine sulcus (禽距溝) on medial surface of occipital lobe (area 17)= striate area. Afferent: from lateral geniculate nucleus (外側膝狀核) ‐‐ Vision association areas: # 18, 19: ...
as a PDF
... [26,27,69,70]. D2 receptor activity attenuates glutamate actions at non-NMDA receptors [26,70]. Since the nonNMDA glutamate activity is necessary before the NMDA receptor can become activated, this selective amplification of the NMDA response should selectively boost already-strong input signals, as ...
... [26,27,69,70]. D2 receptor activity attenuates glutamate actions at non-NMDA receptors [26,70]. Since the nonNMDA glutamate activity is necessary before the NMDA receptor can become activated, this selective amplification of the NMDA response should selectively boost already-strong input signals, as ...
Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans
... showed that, although to be activated F5c requires an “embodied” situation, which is the vision of the agent performing the motor act, the more rostral F5a codes motor acts in a more abstract way, becoming active even when the acting hand only is visible (41). How does visual information reach area ...
... showed that, although to be activated F5c requires an “embodied” situation, which is the vision of the agent performing the motor act, the more rostral F5a codes motor acts in a more abstract way, becoming active even when the acting hand only is visible (41). How does visual information reach area ...
Towards the integration of neural mechanisms and cognition in
... neural circuits and the robot; it is the control interface and it implements how the neural activity is translated in actuation. The Neural lattice layer is the brain model and it is fairly composed by at least two sublayers: the neural circuits and the cognition. The neural circuits layer contains ...
... neural circuits and the robot; it is the control interface and it implements how the neural activity is translated in actuation. The Neural lattice layer is the brain model and it is fairly composed by at least two sublayers: the neural circuits and the cognition. The neural circuits layer contains ...
BRAINSTEM
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
Somitomeres: mesodermal segments of vertebrate embryos
... When newly formed, somitomeres are patterned &rrays of mesenchymal cells, arranged into squat, bilaminar discs. The dorsal and ventral faces of these discs are composed of concentric rings of cells. Somitomeres are formed along the length of the embryo during gastrulation, and in the segmental plate ...
... When newly formed, somitomeres are patterned &rrays of mesenchymal cells, arranged into squat, bilaminar discs. The dorsal and ventral faces of these discs are composed of concentric rings of cells. Somitomeres are formed along the length of the embryo during gastrulation, and in the segmental plate ...
The nature of neuronal words and language
... refractory period where only a strong stimulus can generate a second AP, and following this period there is a period of longer pause with no electrophysiological activity. A spike including its absolute refractory period may vary, but an average spike-absolute refractive period length is about 1 ms, ...
... refractory period where only a strong stimulus can generate a second AP, and following this period there is a period of longer pause with no electrophysiological activity. A spike including its absolute refractory period may vary, but an average spike-absolute refractive period length is about 1 ms, ...
Motor Proteins
... Moving components to and from the synapse Complete Part 2 on your worksheet. Match the process with the number in the picture. 3. Vesicles are filled with neurotransmitter and then the action potential makes the vesicles release their neurotransmitter into the synapse ...
... Moving components to and from the synapse Complete Part 2 on your worksheet. Match the process with the number in the picture. 3. Vesicles are filled with neurotransmitter and then the action potential makes the vesicles release their neurotransmitter into the synapse ...
PDF
... give good staining; most of the remainder either show a staining pattern too faint to be useful, or have suffered the death of the injected cell.) To determine the domains occupied by the stained cells within the ganglia, a series of from five to eight midbody ganglia were examined in each of two or ...
... give good staining; most of the remainder either show a staining pattern too faint to be useful, or have suffered the death of the injected cell.) To determine the domains occupied by the stained cells within the ganglia, a series of from five to eight midbody ganglia were examined in each of two or ...
New perspectives on the evolution of protochordate sensory and
... (1961) of late larvae and adults. There is, therefore, no evidence as yet to support the claim that the dorsal part of the nerve cord is anything other than primitive, or that amphioxus ever had a signi¢cantly more elaborate complement of sense organs than it does now. Comparing the amphioxus CNS wi ...
... (1961) of late larvae and adults. There is, therefore, no evidence as yet to support the claim that the dorsal part of the nerve cord is anything other than primitive, or that amphioxus ever had a signi¢cantly more elaborate complement of sense organs than it does now. Comparing the amphioxus CNS wi ...
- Orange Coast College
... Somatic motor neurons and all preganglionic autonomic neurons are excitatory. Postganglionic axons, may be excitatory or ...
... Somatic motor neurons and all preganglionic autonomic neurons are excitatory. Postganglionic axons, may be excitatory or ...
autonomic nervous system
... nerve fibers secrete mainly one or the other of two synaptic transmitter substances, acetylcholine or norepinephrine. • All preganglionic neurons are cholinergic in both the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems. Therefore, acetylcholine or acetylcholine-like substance, applied to the gangl ...
... nerve fibers secrete mainly one or the other of two synaptic transmitter substances, acetylcholine or norepinephrine. • All preganglionic neurons are cholinergic in both the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems. Therefore, acetylcholine or acetylcholine-like substance, applied to the gangl ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... future events. However, what actually is predicted is unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a group of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus (CD) showed activity before presentation of an instruction ...
... future events. However, what actually is predicted is unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a group of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus (CD) showed activity before presentation of an instruction ...
Parietal Cortex and Hippocampal Contributions to RuleBased
... brains, rats provide a useful model for many cognitive processes and abilities. Rats have excellent spatial navigation skills, and are ideal study subjects for experiments involving single cell recordings. In addition, rats and humans share many brain structures, including the hippocampus and par ...
... brains, rats provide a useful model for many cognitive processes and abilities. Rats have excellent spatial navigation skills, and are ideal study subjects for experiments involving single cell recordings. In addition, rats and humans share many brain structures, including the hippocampus and par ...
Online Textbook Worksheets
... • The axon is a long extension of the cell body that transmits nerve impulses to other cells. The axon branches at the end, forming axon terminals. These are the points where the neuron communicates with other cells. Myelin Sheath The axon of many neurons has an outer layer called a myelin sheath. M ...
... • The axon is a long extension of the cell body that transmits nerve impulses to other cells. The axon branches at the end, forming axon terminals. These are the points where the neuron communicates with other cells. Myelin Sheath The axon of many neurons has an outer layer called a myelin sheath. M ...
Cell body, axon, dendrite, synapse
... Nicotine also affects the activities of many important chemicals in our bodies called metabolites. These substances are important for growth and development. The scan compares the activity of an important metabolite in a non-smoker to that in a smoker. 14a: Does the body scan show an increased or de ...
... Nicotine also affects the activities of many important chemicals in our bodies called metabolites. These substances are important for growth and development. The scan compares the activity of an important metabolite in a non-smoker to that in a smoker. 14a: Does the body scan show an increased or de ...
Congruent Activity during Action and Action Observation in Motor
... A variety of studies have shown that motor cortical areas can be activated by observation of familiar actions. Here, we describe singleneuron responses in monkey primary motor (MI) and dorsal premotor (PMd) cortices during passive observation and execution of a familiar task. We show that the spikin ...
... A variety of studies have shown that motor cortical areas can be activated by observation of familiar actions. Here, we describe singleneuron responses in monkey primary motor (MI) and dorsal premotor (PMd) cortices during passive observation and execution of a familiar task. We show that the spikin ...
Chapter 11 Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control
... Autonomic Synapse or Neuroeffector Junction (Figure 11-8, p. 392) Neurotransmitter release can be modulated here by hormones and paracrines (e.g. histamine) which can either facilitate or inhibit neurotransmitter release Some preganglionic neurons co-secrete neuropeptides along with ACh The peptide ...
... Autonomic Synapse or Neuroeffector Junction (Figure 11-8, p. 392) Neurotransmitter release can be modulated here by hormones and paracrines (e.g. histamine) which can either facilitate or inhibit neurotransmitter release Some preganglionic neurons co-secrete neuropeptides along with ACh The peptide ...
Genes involved in forebrain development in the zebrafish, Danio rerio
... acetylated tubulin showing the absence of the telencephalic neuronal clusters in mbl embryos (anterior to the left). (B,E) Frontal view of the head of embryos stained for acetylated tubulin showing the absence of olfactory placodes, and anterior postoptic commissures and the expansion of the trigemi ...
... acetylated tubulin showing the absence of the telencephalic neuronal clusters in mbl embryos (anterior to the left). (B,E) Frontal view of the head of embryos stained for acetylated tubulin showing the absence of olfactory placodes, and anterior postoptic commissures and the expansion of the trigemi ...
Intracellular and computational evidence for a
... generate intrinsic and self-sustained activity under the form of intrinsic oscillatory properties. The current thinking at the time was that oscillatory activity arises from circulating waves of activity, a theory called the “circus movement theory”. Bremer was an opponent to this theory, and he pro ...
... generate intrinsic and self-sustained activity under the form of intrinsic oscillatory properties. The current thinking at the time was that oscillatory activity arises from circulating waves of activity, a theory called the “circus movement theory”. Bremer was an opponent to this theory, and he pro ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... progressively older neurons. It is interesting that radial migration mechanisms seem to differ for cells destined to each one of these structures—the preplate and the cortical plate. The conventional view of neuronal migration during the development of the cerebral cortex is primarily based on obser ...
... progressively older neurons. It is interesting that radial migration mechanisms seem to differ for cells destined to each one of these structures—the preplate and the cortical plate. The conventional view of neuronal migration during the development of the cerebral cortex is primarily based on obser ...
Culture of primary rat hippocampal neurons
... motors move), and the mechanism of cargo attachment are all susceptible to damage resulting in transport breakdown and cell damage or death (De Vos et al. 2008). Species such as sodium azide (Selvatici et al. 2009) (NaN3 ) and peroxynitrite (Szabo et al. 2007)(ONOO− ) have been shown to damage cells ...
... motors move), and the mechanism of cargo attachment are all susceptible to damage resulting in transport breakdown and cell damage or death (De Vos et al. 2008). Species such as sodium azide (Selvatici et al. 2009) (NaN3 ) and peroxynitrite (Szabo et al. 2007)(ONOO− ) have been shown to damage cells ...
A cytoarchitectonic and TH-immunohistochemistry
... and Dunnett, 2007b). A8, A9 and A10 are developed from the neuromere midbrain, with expansion to prosomere p1 (diencephalon), rostrally, and to isthmus-rhombomere 1 region (I-r1), caudally (Marı́n et al., 2005). These groups are coincident with the retrorubral field (RRF), the substantia nigra (SN), ...
... and Dunnett, 2007b). A8, A9 and A10 are developed from the neuromere midbrain, with expansion to prosomere p1 (diencephalon), rostrally, and to isthmus-rhombomere 1 region (I-r1), caudally (Marı́n et al., 2005). These groups are coincident with the retrorubral field (RRF), the substantia nigra (SN), ...