06 Physiology of synapses
... protein receptors embedded in the post-synaptic membrane An excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) builds up across the membrane and if this reaches threshold, an action potential is triggered in the post-synaptic neuron ...
... protein receptors embedded in the post-synaptic membrane An excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) builds up across the membrane and if this reaches threshold, an action potential is triggered in the post-synaptic neuron ...
02 Physiology of synapses, interneuronal connections
... protein receptors embedded in the post-synaptic membrane An excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) builds up across the membrane and if this reaches threshold, an action potential is triggered in the post-synaptic neuron ...
... protein receptors embedded in the post-synaptic membrane An excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) builds up across the membrane and if this reaches threshold, an action potential is triggered in the post-synaptic neuron ...
6.3 Transport revised
... • Molecules can move across the cell membrane through passive transport. • Does not require energy input from a cell. • There are three types of passive transport. • Simple diffusion • Osmosis • Facilitated diffusion ...
... • Molecules can move across the cell membrane through passive transport. • Does not require energy input from a cell. • There are three types of passive transport. • Simple diffusion • Osmosis • Facilitated diffusion ...
A3 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... – stimulating CATHODE leads to localized depolarizing potential change that rises sharply and decays exponentially with time (catelectrotonic potential); – stimulating ANODE produces hyperpolarizing potential change of similar duration (anelectrotonic potential). N.B. electrotonic potentials do not ...
... – stimulating CATHODE leads to localized depolarizing potential change that rises sharply and decays exponentially with time (catelectrotonic potential); – stimulating ANODE produces hyperpolarizing potential change of similar duration (anelectrotonic potential). N.B. electrotonic potentials do not ...
Neurons
... are equal and opposite, and the resting potential across the membrane remains steady ...
... are equal and opposite, and the resting potential across the membrane remains steady ...
Membranes and Cell Transport
... phospholipid bilayer. Two types of transport proteins can help ions and large polar molecules diffuse through cell membranes: o Channel proteins – provide a narrow channel for the substance to pass through. o Carrier proteins – physically bind to the substance on one side of membrane and release it ...
... phospholipid bilayer. Two types of transport proteins can help ions and large polar molecules diffuse through cell membranes: o Channel proteins – provide a narrow channel for the substance to pass through. o Carrier proteins – physically bind to the substance on one side of membrane and release it ...
Ch 7 Powerpoint Review
... receptor mediated endocytosis, exocytosis Ion channels that open or close in response to a gated signal are called ___________________ ...
... receptor mediated endocytosis, exocytosis Ion channels that open or close in response to a gated signal are called ___________________ ...
File
... The amount of current that flows between two areas depends 1.The difference in potential between the areas. The greater the difference in potential, the greater the current flow. 2.The strength of stimuli: the stronger the strength, the greater the current flow. 3.Local potential: Local potential p ...
... The amount of current that flows between two areas depends 1.The difference in potential between the areas. The greater the difference in potential, the greater the current flow. 2.The strength of stimuli: the stronger the strength, the greater the current flow. 3.Local potential: Local potential p ...
Phospholipids make up cell membranes
... solute concentration than what it is compared with. hypotonic solution- a solution with a lower solute concentration than what it is compared with. isotonic solution a solution with an equal solute concentration to what it is compared with. ...
... solute concentration than what it is compared with. hypotonic solution- a solution with a lower solute concentration than what it is compared with. isotonic solution a solution with an equal solute concentration to what it is compared with. ...
JMP_osmosis_presentation
... in its neighbour, water will pass by osmosis from the less concentrated to the more concentrated. cell sap more concentrated ...
... in its neighbour, water will pass by osmosis from the less concentrated to the more concentrated. cell sap more concentrated ...
Facilitated diffusion is a process by which molecules are
... An example of this process occurs in the kidney. Glucose, water, salts, ions, and amino acids needed by the body are filtered in one part of the kidney. This filtrate, which includes glucose, is then reabsorbed in another part of the kidney. Because there are only a finite number of carrier protein ...
... An example of this process occurs in the kidney. Glucose, water, salts, ions, and amino acids needed by the body are filtered in one part of the kidney. This filtrate, which includes glucose, is then reabsorbed in another part of the kidney. Because there are only a finite number of carrier protein ...
PP text version
... membrane potential of cells is usually negative (inside of cell more negative than outside) range is -50 to -90 mV. -70 mV = -70 X 10-3 V = -0.07 V membrane potential is due to permeability of membrane to potassium ions (K+) and maintained by an ionic pump called the Na-K ATPase (pumps three N ...
... membrane potential of cells is usually negative (inside of cell more negative than outside) range is -50 to -90 mV. -70 mV = -70 X 10-3 V = -0.07 V membrane potential is due to permeability of membrane to potassium ions (K+) and maintained by an ionic pump called the Na-K ATPase (pumps three N ...
Membrane Transport Animations
... Facilitated Diffusion 13. Facilitated diffusion is the _passive transport _______ of molecules down a concentration gradient with the aid of _special(ized) transport proteins_______________________. 14. Does facilitated diffusion require the use of energy (ATP)? NO (What is ATP?) 15. List the charac ...
... Facilitated Diffusion 13. Facilitated diffusion is the _passive transport _______ of molecules down a concentration gradient with the aid of _special(ized) transport proteins_______________________. 14. Does facilitated diffusion require the use of energy (ATP)? NO (What is ATP?) 15. List the charac ...
Synapses and Neurotransmitters Notes
... Neurotransmitter Diffuses Across the Synaptic Cleft and Binds to a Receptor The synaptic cleft is narrow and the neurotransmitter travels across it by simple diffusion On the far side of the synaptic cleft, the neurotransmitter binds to a specific receptor protein in the postsynaptic cell membrane N ...
... Neurotransmitter Diffuses Across the Synaptic Cleft and Binds to a Receptor The synaptic cleft is narrow and the neurotransmitter travels across it by simple diffusion On the far side of the synaptic cleft, the neurotransmitter binds to a specific receptor protein in the postsynaptic cell membrane N ...
Membrane TXPT2
... (No cell walls, no contractile vacuoles, no solute pumps*) In hyptertonic solutions, what happens? In hypotonic solutions, what happens? CYTOLYSIS See page 83 in your book (Red blood cells) ...
... (No cell walls, no contractile vacuoles, no solute pumps*) In hyptertonic solutions, what happens? In hypotonic solutions, what happens? CYTOLYSIS See page 83 in your book (Red blood cells) ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.