The Neuron - Florida State University
... also called the presynaptic nerve terminal This then causes the release of certain chemicals called Neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. The neurotransmitters bind to proteins on postsynaptic nerve terminals, which further propagate the electrical signal At the syn ...
... also called the presynaptic nerve terminal This then causes the release of certain chemicals called Neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. The neurotransmitters bind to proteins on postsynaptic nerve terminals, which further propagate the electrical signal At the syn ...
Neurons
... The Resting Potential • Almost all cells have a transmembrane electrical charge difference, with the inside roughly 50-100 mV negative relative to the outside. • Voltage = electrical driving force, reflecting the energy required to separate charges – so charge separation is a form of stored or pote ...
... The Resting Potential • Almost all cells have a transmembrane electrical charge difference, with the inside roughly 50-100 mV negative relative to the outside. • Voltage = electrical driving force, reflecting the energy required to separate charges – so charge separation is a form of stored or pote ...
Nervous System
... Opposite charges attract each other Energy is required to separate opposite charges across a membrane Energy is liberated when the charges move toward one another If opposite charges are separated, the system has potential energy ...
... Opposite charges attract each other Energy is required to separate opposite charges across a membrane Energy is liberated when the charges move toward one another If opposite charges are separated, the system has potential energy ...
48 Nervous System PowerPoint
... >Speed of Transmission: Larger axons & Myelin sheath (Saltatory conduction) ...
... >Speed of Transmission: Larger axons & Myelin sheath (Saltatory conduction) ...
Anatomy and Physiology 241 Lecture Objectives The Nervous
... axoplasm, axolemma, Nissl bodies, neurofibrils, nerve fibers, dendrite, axon, axon hillock, axon collateral, internode, telodendria, synaptic terminal, node of Ranvier. Give function of each of these. Tell which cells myelinate axons in both the PNS and the CNS. Describe the synapse in detail. Defin ...
... axoplasm, axolemma, Nissl bodies, neurofibrils, nerve fibers, dendrite, axon, axon hillock, axon collateral, internode, telodendria, synaptic terminal, node of Ranvier. Give function of each of these. Tell which cells myelinate axons in both the PNS and the CNS. Describe the synapse in detail. Defin ...
Study Guide for Quiz on Ch 3
... 5.) The difference in the concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called a ______________________ 6.) Unlike passive transport, active transport requires ____________________. 7.) All cells are surrounded by membranes. The main role of the cell membrane is to ___________ ...
... 5.) The difference in the concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called a ______________________ 6.) Unlike passive transport, active transport requires ____________________. 7.) All cells are surrounded by membranes. The main role of the cell membrane is to ___________ ...
Action Potential
... 3. in some neurons, Na doesn’t drive the “spike” of the action potential- it’s Ca2+ 5. Most action potentials last for less than ½ of a msec , but some action potentials are slow to develop and last minutes ...
... 3. in some neurons, Na doesn’t drive the “spike” of the action potential- it’s Ca2+ 5. Most action potentials last for less than ½ of a msec , but some action potentials are slow to develop and last minutes ...
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM - Fox Valley Lutheran High School
... Much slower than an electric current. (10cm to 1m/sec.) The strength of an impulse is always the same. ...
... Much slower than an electric current. (10cm to 1m/sec.) The strength of an impulse is always the same. ...
Lecture Slides - University of Manitoba
... osmosis of water to the inside the cell all the time. Also electrolytes tend to leak along with the water to the inside. If there weren't any mechanism to oppose this, the cell would eventually swell until it burst. But Sodium pump initiates and opposite osmotic tendency to move water out of the cel ...
... osmosis of water to the inside the cell all the time. Also electrolytes tend to leak along with the water to the inside. If there weren't any mechanism to oppose this, the cell would eventually swell until it burst. But Sodium pump initiates and opposite osmotic tendency to move water out of the cel ...
Nervous Systems - Groupfusion.net
... • The plasma membrane is more permeable (more membrane channels) to K+ than to Na+. – Therefore, large amounts of K+ are transferred out of the cell (down the concentration gradient) – Small amounts of Na+ are transferred into the cell (down the concentration gradient) ...
... • The plasma membrane is more permeable (more membrane channels) to K+ than to Na+. – Therefore, large amounts of K+ are transferred out of the cell (down the concentration gradient) – Small amounts of Na+ are transferred into the cell (down the concentration gradient) ...
Active Transport
... Energy is required because molecules are being pumped against their concentration gradient Proteins that work as pumps are called protein pumps. These protein pumps are membrane bound receptors. ...
... Energy is required because molecules are being pumped against their concentration gradient Proteins that work as pumps are called protein pumps. These protein pumps are membrane bound receptors. ...
Nervous Systems
... • The plasma membrane is more permeable (more membrane channels) to K+ than to Na+. – Therefore, large amounts of K+ are transferred out of the cell (down the concentration gradient) – Small amounts of Na+ are transferred into the cell (down the concentration gradient) ...
... • The plasma membrane is more permeable (more membrane channels) to K+ than to Na+. – Therefore, large amounts of K+ are transferred out of the cell (down the concentration gradient) – Small amounts of Na+ are transferred into the cell (down the concentration gradient) ...
Dendrite, nucleus, cell body, Axon, nodes, Myelin Sheath, Axon
... Dendrite, nucleus, cell body, Axon, nodes, Myelin Sheath, Axon Terminal, Synapse, Neurotransmitters, channels, Sodium-Potassium Pump At Resting Potential _____________________________ working to maintain cell membrane being polarized with a more _______________ charge inside the cell than outside th ...
... Dendrite, nucleus, cell body, Axon, nodes, Myelin Sheath, Axon Terminal, Synapse, Neurotransmitters, channels, Sodium-Potassium Pump At Resting Potential _____________________________ working to maintain cell membrane being polarized with a more _______________ charge inside the cell than outside th ...
Physio Lab 5 PhysioEx 3
... All cells have a resting membrane potential (RMP). Intracellular fluid is rich in negatively charged proteins that are balanced mainly by positively charge potassium ions. As the cell membrane is permeable or “leaky” to potassium but not to protein, the excess unbalanced negative charge leads to the ...
... All cells have a resting membrane potential (RMP). Intracellular fluid is rich in negatively charged proteins that are balanced mainly by positively charge potassium ions. As the cell membrane is permeable or “leaky” to potassium but not to protein, the excess unbalanced negative charge leads to the ...
Quiz5ch5new.doc
... molecules from __________. a. an area of higher concentration of that type of molecule to an area of lower concentration b. an area of lower concentration of that type of molecule to an area of higher concentration c. outside the cell to inside the cell ...
... molecules from __________. a. an area of higher concentration of that type of molecule to an area of lower concentration b. an area of lower concentration of that type of molecule to an area of higher concentration c. outside the cell to inside the cell ...
Nervous System - APBio
... is -70mV • The inside is negative relative to the outside • Maintained by the sodium potassium pump, which pumps 3 Na+ out of the cell for every 2 K+ it pumps in, and K+ ion channels that allow for the diffusion of K+ out of the cell • Na+ is not allowed in (the Na+ ion channels are closed) ...
... is -70mV • The inside is negative relative to the outside • Maintained by the sodium potassium pump, which pumps 3 Na+ out of the cell for every 2 K+ it pumps in, and K+ ion channels that allow for the diffusion of K+ out of the cell • Na+ is not allowed in (the Na+ ion channels are closed) ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.