Chapter 3 The Plasma Membrane: transport across cell membrane
... through which specific ions can diffuse down their electrochemical gradients. 3.Active transport Movement of a molecule across a membrane driven by energy. 4.Endocytosis Uptake of material into a cell by an invagination of a the plasma membrane and its internalization in a membrane-bounded vesicle. ...
... through which specific ions can diffuse down their electrochemical gradients. 3.Active transport Movement of a molecule across a membrane driven by energy. 4.Endocytosis Uptake of material into a cell by an invagination of a the plasma membrane and its internalization in a membrane-bounded vesicle. ...
concentration gradient
... Secondary Active Transport-Na+-Glucose Symporter: Transports glucose against its concentration gradient utilizing the downhill flow of Na+ along its concentration gradient previously set up by the Na+/K+ pump. ...
... Secondary Active Transport-Na+-Glucose Symporter: Transports glucose against its concentration gradient utilizing the downhill flow of Na+ along its concentration gradient previously set up by the Na+/K+ pump. ...
3.13
... the cell is about one-tenth of the extracellular concentration of Na+; the concentration of K+ in the interior of the cell is about thirty times the extracellular concentration of K +. When the neuron is in its resting state, the interior of the cell is negatively charged (at –70mV) relative to the ...
... the cell is about one-tenth of the extracellular concentration of Na+; the concentration of K+ in the interior of the cell is about thirty times the extracellular concentration of K +. When the neuron is in its resting state, the interior of the cell is negatively charged (at –70mV) relative to the ...
Cells and Their Environment
... • Cells, tissues, organs, and organisms must maintain a balance. • Cells do so by controlling and regulating what gets into and out of the cell. ...
... • Cells, tissues, organs, and organisms must maintain a balance. • Cells do so by controlling and regulating what gets into and out of the cell. ...
Saving the Day for a Cell.
... NNE. The free ribosomes make fatty acids: CCCC, OVV, E, INNNGGG, The Golgi Complex needs to refine the products. In other words, it will organize them. The Golgi Complex will take away from the proteins M, B, RA, and N. From the fatty acids, the golgi complex will come and take away CCC, V, and NNGG ...
... NNE. The free ribosomes make fatty acids: CCCC, OVV, E, INNNGGG, The Golgi Complex needs to refine the products. In other words, it will organize them. The Golgi Complex will take away from the proteins M, B, RA, and N. From the fatty acids, the golgi complex will come and take away CCC, V, and NNGG ...
Structure and Functions * Physiology of the Nerve
... The type of neurotransmitter they use The type of Receptors they have Myelin content Location in the nervous system –central/peripheral These differences and others may account for different patterns of disease ...
... The type of neurotransmitter they use The type of Receptors they have Myelin content Location in the nervous system –central/peripheral These differences and others may account for different patterns of disease ...
Biology 3201 - s3.amazonaws.com
... Membrane is 50 times more permeable to K+ ions causing them to “leak” out. This causes outside of membrane to have an abundance of + charges compared to inside. The inside of the membrane is negative compared to the outside. This is helped by the (-) proteins etc. The “sodium-potassium” pump pulls 2 ...
... Membrane is 50 times more permeable to K+ ions causing them to “leak” out. This causes outside of membrane to have an abundance of + charges compared to inside. The inside of the membrane is negative compared to the outside. This is helped by the (-) proteins etc. The “sodium-potassium” pump pulls 2 ...
nervous system
... a.) Cell Body: contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm; location of cellular metabolic activity b.) Dendrites: carry impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body c.) Axon: carries impulses away from the cell body d.) Node: increase the speed at which an impulse can ...
... a.) Cell Body: contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm; location of cellular metabolic activity b.) Dendrites: carry impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body c.) Axon: carries impulses away from the cell body d.) Node: increase the speed at which an impulse can ...
Biology 1406 Chapter 7 Lecture Notes
... your cells) to an area of high concentration (outside your cells) and at the same time moves potassium ions from an area of low concentration (outside your cells) to an area of high concentration (inside your cells). ATP is required to do this. Transporting larger molecules The movement of larger mo ...
... your cells) to an area of high concentration (outside your cells) and at the same time moves potassium ions from an area of low concentration (outside your cells) to an area of high concentration (inside your cells). ATP is required to do this. Transporting larger molecules The movement of larger mo ...
Chantel Tubbs
... Both of them are then half the size of the original cell. After a cell divides, the two daughter cells may last from hours to decades it just depends on the environment. Most cells don’t last longer than a human being. Therefore, the life cycle repeats itself by dividing again into two daughter cell ...
... Both of them are then half the size of the original cell. After a cell divides, the two daughter cells may last from hours to decades it just depends on the environment. Most cells don’t last longer than a human being. Therefore, the life cycle repeats itself by dividing again into two daughter cell ...
Nervous System Ch 10 Notes - Reading Community Schools
... – Time when threshold stimulus does not start another action potential • Relative – Time when stronger threshold stimulus can start another action potential • Under normal conditions each fiber may conduct 10-500 impulses per second • Larger neurons conduct up to 2500 per second ...
... – Time when threshold stimulus does not start another action potential • Relative – Time when stronger threshold stimulus can start another action potential • Under normal conditions each fiber may conduct 10-500 impulses per second • Larger neurons conduct up to 2500 per second ...
1.16891 / 1.16886 Fractogel® EMD COO
... Ion Exchange chromatography using weak cation exchangers Fractogel® ion exchangers are cross-linked polymethacrylate resins with pore sizes of about 800 Å modified according to the tentacle technology. The Fractogel® beads have a high mechanical and chemical stability. Since the functional ion excha ...
... Ion Exchange chromatography using weak cation exchangers Fractogel® ion exchangers are cross-linked polymethacrylate resins with pore sizes of about 800 Å modified according to the tentacle technology. The Fractogel® beads have a high mechanical and chemical stability. Since the functional ion excha ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.