BIO 211 - Robert D. Podolsky
... According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, both low and high levels of disturbance can reduce species diversity. Explain the different mechanisms responsible for a reduction in species diversity at either extreme. Your answer should involve trade-offs between competitive and dispersal abi ...
... According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, both low and high levels of disturbance can reduce species diversity. Explain the different mechanisms responsible for a reduction in species diversity at either extreme. Your answer should involve trade-offs between competitive and dispersal abi ...
What Shapes An Ecosystem?
... habitat includes biotic and abiotic factors. The niche is an organism’s job or role in its habitat. It includes its place in the food web (trophic level-producer, consumer…), what type of food the organism eats, the physical conditions it needs to survive, how and when it reproduces… No two species ...
... habitat includes biotic and abiotic factors. The niche is an organism’s job or role in its habitat. It includes its place in the food web (trophic level-producer, consumer…), what type of food the organism eats, the physical conditions it needs to survive, how and when it reproduces… No two species ...
Community Ecology: Structure, Species Interactions, Succession
... mosses role in soil formation 2. Inhibition – early species hindering the growth/establishment of other species; EX. ...
... mosses role in soil formation 2. Inhibition – early species hindering the growth/establishment of other species; EX. ...
File - Watt On Earth
... populations that are connected by occasional movements of individuals between them. • Inbreeding depression When individuals with similar genotypes—typically relatives—breed with each other and produce offspring that have an impaired ability to survive and reproduce. ...
... populations that are connected by occasional movements of individuals between them. • Inbreeding depression When individuals with similar genotypes—typically relatives—breed with each other and produce offspring that have an impaired ability to survive and reproduce. ...
Ecology Definitions
... (plants), to primary consumers (herbivores) to secondary consumers (predators). Most energy is lost back into the environment at each transition level. Ephemeral Lasting briefly, such as mayfly adults who live only a few hours, or plants that live less than a year. Evaporation The change of water t ...
... (plants), to primary consumers (herbivores) to secondary consumers (predators). Most energy is lost back into the environment at each transition level. Ephemeral Lasting briefly, such as mayfly adults who live only a few hours, or plants that live less than a year. Evaporation The change of water t ...
Ecological community integration increases with added trophic
... and Schuster, 1979), game theory (Taylor and Jonker, 1978), and economics (Standish, 2000). This wide-ranging homology suggests that the Lotka-Volterra equations are a canonical model for the study of complex systems. In terms of generality, the state variables ‘species’ might be replaced with ‘agen ...
... and Schuster, 1979), game theory (Taylor and Jonker, 1978), and economics (Standish, 2000). This wide-ranging homology suggests that the Lotka-Volterra equations are a canonical model for the study of complex systems. In terms of generality, the state variables ‘species’ might be replaced with ‘agen ...
Ecological Succession
... • All ages of plants and hard wood trees grow. • Many shrubs, saplings and herbaceous plants grow. • High biodiversity • Complex food webs • Diversity of plant life provides food and habitat for a wide range of other organisms ...
... • All ages of plants and hard wood trees grow. • Many shrubs, saplings and herbaceous plants grow. • High biodiversity • Complex food webs • Diversity of plant life provides food and habitat for a wide range of other organisms ...
SNC 1D/2D - othsmath
... ecological niche of a species may be affected. [For example: If the habitat of the organisms involved in the relationship is altered, then one or both of the organisms involved in the relationship may face changes to it ecological niche. A symbiotic relationship in which both members involved derive ...
... ecological niche of a species may be affected. [For example: If the habitat of the organisms involved in the relationship is altered, then one or both of the organisms involved in the relationship may face changes to it ecological niche. A symbiotic relationship in which both members involved derive ...
a10 Food Webs andCommunity Dynamics
... The movie “Strange Days on Planet Earth: Predators” depicts the dynamic relationships within the Yellowstone National Park ecosystem. An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living (abiotic) environment interacting as a functional unit. A commu ...
... The movie “Strange Days on Planet Earth: Predators” depicts the dynamic relationships within the Yellowstone National Park ecosystem. An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living (abiotic) environment interacting as a functional unit. A commu ...
The co-evolutionary genetics of ecological communities
... and that measurable phenotypic responses can occur over a handful of generations have undermined this barrier assumption19–21. Furthermore, evolutionary theory in the mid-1980s established that co-evolution, strictly speaking, does not take place between two species, but rather between the traits of ...
... and that measurable phenotypic responses can occur over a handful of generations have undermined this barrier assumption19–21. Furthermore, evolutionary theory in the mid-1980s established that co-evolution, strictly speaking, does not take place between two species, but rather between the traits of ...
Tracking antelopes to better protect migration corridor
... An estimated one million white-eared kobs, elephants and other large mammals migrate in the transboundary region between Gambella and Boma of Ethiopia and South Sudan, respectively, making this mass movements of animals one of Africa’s largest and most spectacular. Two White-eared kobs have just bee ...
... An estimated one million white-eared kobs, elephants and other large mammals migrate in the transboundary region between Gambella and Boma of Ethiopia and South Sudan, respectively, making this mass movements of animals one of Africa’s largest and most spectacular. Two White-eared kobs have just bee ...
Succession
... rapidly and then stabilizes. (b) Raised together and forced to occupy the same niche, P. aurelia consistently outcompetes P. caudatum and causes that population to die off. ...
... rapidly and then stabilizes. (b) Raised together and forced to occupy the same niche, P. aurelia consistently outcompetes P. caudatum and causes that population to die off. ...
PDF preview - Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners
... A poverty of richness… • Most invertebrates are poorly known and will remain so – <10% of the total estimated species have been described – Many of those in need of revision – Taxonomic expertise thinly spread where it is most needed ...
... A poverty of richness… • Most invertebrates are poorly known and will remain so – <10% of the total estimated species have been described – Many of those in need of revision – Taxonomic expertise thinly spread where it is most needed ...
Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity
... much of the space, a circumstance realized in nature only in Costa Rica. In the other two areas a top predator that derives its nourishmentfromother sources feeds in such a fashion that no space-consuming monopolies are formed. Pisaster and Heliaster eat masses of barnacles, and in so doing enhance ...
... much of the space, a circumstance realized in nature only in Costa Rica. In the other two areas a top predator that derives its nourishmentfromother sources feeds in such a fashion that no space-consuming monopolies are formed. Pisaster and Heliaster eat masses of barnacles, and in so doing enhance ...
When two invasion hypotheses are better than one
... interactions between multiple factors (e.g. competition and herbivory in the Enemy of My Enemy Hypothesis (Colautti et al., 2004)), yet relatively few empirical studies consider effects of multiple types of biotic interactions simultaneously. We conducted an extensive search of the ERH literature an ...
... interactions between multiple factors (e.g. competition and herbivory in the Enemy of My Enemy Hypothesis (Colautti et al., 2004)), yet relatively few empirical studies consider effects of multiple types of biotic interactions simultaneously. We conducted an extensive search of the ERH literature an ...
Chapter 50: Community Ecology - Evergreen State College Archives
... (1) This hypothesis was inspired by the impressive physical complexity of tropical forests. (Fig 50.14) (2) This hypothesis explains some aspects of increased species diversity, but does not explain why there are more tree species in the tropics. c. Tropical regions have had more time for speciation ...
... (1) This hypothesis was inspired by the impressive physical complexity of tropical forests. (Fig 50.14) (2) This hypothesis explains some aspects of increased species diversity, but does not explain why there are more tree species in the tropics. c. Tropical regions have had more time for speciation ...
25-Diversity.Stability
... May analyzed sets of randomly assembled Model Ecosystems. Jacobian matrices were assembled as follows: diagonal elements were defined as – 1. All other interaction terms were equally likely to be + or – (chosen from a uniform random distribution ranging from +1 to –1). Thus 25% of interactions were ...
... May analyzed sets of randomly assembled Model Ecosystems. Jacobian matrices were assembled as follows: diagonal elements were defined as – 1. All other interaction terms were equally likely to be + or – (chosen from a uniform random distribution ranging from +1 to –1). Thus 25% of interactions were ...
2.3 Can we predict whether a species will become invasive?
... it can be expected that further improvement of the procedures will lead to even better results in the future. Nevertheless, due to the factors named above, i.e. complexity, context-dependence, the influence of socio-cultural factors, novel interactions and evolution of invaders and resident species, ...
... it can be expected that further improvement of the procedures will lead to even better results in the future. Nevertheless, due to the factors named above, i.e. complexity, context-dependence, the influence of socio-cultural factors, novel interactions and evolution of invaders and resident species, ...
ecology intro notes
... organisms inhabiting the Earth • Abiotic factors- nonliving parts of the environment (i.e. temperature, soil, light, moisture, air currents) ...
... organisms inhabiting the Earth • Abiotic factors- nonliving parts of the environment (i.e. temperature, soil, light, moisture, air currents) ...
Lagomorphs
... The European Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, is listed as Near Threatened. It is often considered to be one of the world’s major pest species, but this is generally associated with instances in which it is an invasive alien species, such as in Australia. However, throughout Europe, European Rabbit po ...
... The European Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, is listed as Near Threatened. It is often considered to be one of the world’s major pest species, but this is generally associated with instances in which it is an invasive alien species, such as in Australia. However, throughout Europe, European Rabbit po ...
1.1. Agronomic value and provisioning services of multi
... A community structure (assembly) may be explained by Habitat filtering Niche differentiation ...
... A community structure (assembly) may be explained by Habitat filtering Niche differentiation ...
P.S-Dvckk
... dance falls below a threshold value at all grid points. Since extinction and speciation are both related to abundance (the former deterministically and the latter stochastically), they are observed in the model to be strongly correlated as ob served in the fossil record [10]. Each simulation begins ...
... dance falls below a threshold value at all grid points. Since extinction and speciation are both related to abundance (the former deterministically and the latter stochastically), they are observed in the model to be strongly correlated as ob served in the fossil record [10]. Each simulation begins ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.