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Brush-tailed rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata
Brush-tailed rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata

... Actions being undertaken in 2012–15 under Saving our Species • Reduce the number of pest animals (foxes, cats and goats) threatening populations of brush-tailed rockwallabies by baiting, trapping and shooting them. • Breed brush-tailed rock-wallabies in captivity, and introduce these animals into ...
Ecology - Intro to Zoology
Ecology - Intro to Zoology

... What is Ecology? Ecological levels • Organism – An individual • Population – Individuals of the same species • Community – Different populations in one location • Ecosystem – Community of populations and their interactions with the environment (abiotic factors) ...
Iconic species project: brush-tailed rock
Iconic species project: brush-tailed rock

... Actions being undertaken in 2012–15 under Saving our Species • Reduce the number of pest animals (foxes, cats and goats) threatening populations of brush-tailed rockwallabies by baiting, trapping and shooting them. • Breed brush-tailed rock-wallabies in captivity, and introduce these animals into ...
4-2 ch5
4-2 ch5

...  Interference  Exploitation  Interference competition – when two or more organisms directly try to limit access to a resource (some humming birds defend particular trees)  Exploitation competition – when one group uses a resource faster than another, indirectly limits a resource  Ex. Plant remo ...
Functional Ecology draft manuscript April 16 2008
Functional Ecology draft manuscript April 16 2008

... traits were continuous (maximum height, seed mass, USDA regional wetland indicator status) and two were categorical (growth form (Cornelissen et al.,), longevity (annual, biennial or perennial)) and eight were binomial (C3 vs. C4 photosynthetic pathway, monocot vs. dicot, tall vs. short, and clonal, ...
The ecology of life history evolution - Wageningen UR E
The ecology of life history evolution - Wageningen UR E

... on the match with the time that large caterpillars are abundant. The world has changed over the past 20 years and what has happened to the great tits and their food, is that “in the good old days”, in the 1980’s, there was a clear phenological match: there was a short period at the end of May when t ...
Ecology
Ecology

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... Competition occurs by two major mechanisms:  Interference competition—a competitor interferes with another competitor’s access to a resource.  Desert ant and honeypot ant compete for food. When desert ant workers find entrance to honeypot ant nest, they drop small stones into opening (up to 200 in ...
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Life History Strategies - UNU-FTP
Life History Strategies - UNU-FTP

... Life history and communities • Traits such as body size and its covariates such as home range and tolerance to stress, together with differences in species richness between trophic levels, will determine the impact on ecosystems of different biodiversity loss scenarios: • Top predators with their l ...
Encyclopedia of Environmetrics
Encyclopedia of Environmetrics

... social phenomena is a major focus of efforts to develop simple representations of complex systems. Much of the attention has been on discovering universal scaling laws that emerge from simple physical and geometric processes. However, there are regular patterns of departures both from those scaling ...
New Jersey`s Landscape Project
New Jersey`s Landscape Project

... number of threatened/endangered species within the area and the distance to already conserved areas (Niles, 1999). After identifying the location of an endangered species, the proximity from an already conserved area is calculated. The closer the distance is to protected lands, the higher the priori ...
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... et al. (2008) considered many hypotheses for declines in abundance, including changes in stockrecruitment relations and food webs, mortality from predation and water diversions, contaminants, and changes in the physical environment. Formal statistical methods (e.g., Green 1995) could be applied to e ...
Preserved Fish and Stable Isotopes Help Reconstruct Historical
Preserved Fish and Stable Isotopes Help Reconstruct Historical

... Prior to their decline in the mid 20th century, the deepwater ciscoes were an ecologically important forage fish. By supporting the top predator, lake trout, the deepwater ciscoes linked this top predator to the bottom of the food chain. Due to pressure from overfishing and introduction of the invas ...
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Levels of Ecological Study

... factors in addition to the entire community of a species that exist in a certain area; may consist of many different communities Ecosystem Ecology – the emphasis in on the energy flow and the cycling of chemicals among the various biotic and abiotic components ...
ecology good - Appoquinimink High School
ecology good - Appoquinimink High School

... organisms inhabiting the Earth • Abiotic factors- nonliving parts of the environment (i.e. temperature, soil, light, moisture, air currents) ...
Dominance of Insects - Delaware Science Olympiad
Dominance of Insects - Delaware Science Olympiad

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Introduction to Ecology_HB

... Acclimation of organism Some organisms can adjust their tolerance to abiotic factors through the process of acclimation Example: goldfish raised at different temperatures have somewhat different tolerance curves This occurs within the lifetime of an individual (different from adaptation) ...
Resource Partitioning and Why It Matters | Learn Science at Scitable
Resource Partitioning and Why It Matters | Learn Science at Scitable

... only just beginning to directly test this (Griffin et al. 2008, Finke & Snyder 2008). There is an important application of this ongoing work — by considering the degree of resource partitioning among species scientists may be able to predict those ecosystems that are most vulnerable to the loss of s ...
MULTIPLE CHOICE PART 3 – Student Version
MULTIPLE CHOICE PART 3 – Student Version

... (1) why some offspring are genetically identical to their parents (2) the process of differentiation in offspring (3) why some offspring physically resemble their parents (4) the origin of new combinations of traits in offspring 28. Which phrase, if placed in box X, would correctly complete the flow ...
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Mixed-species primate associations are known that two or more

... forage together like one species. Various primate species living in Africa and South America, including red-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) and blue monkeys (C. mitis), are reported to make mixed-species associations. A variety of functions (e.g. anti-predator behavior, effective foraging, e ...
Ecology2 - WordPress.com
Ecology2 - WordPress.com

... Birth rate (of predator and prey) Predator aggression Predator dependency (availability of other resources) Intra and interspecies competition Habitat size The elephant simulation demonstrated that : An individual species can have an large overall effect on the distribution of resources for other sp ...
Chapter 4 – Ecosystems and Communities Chapter Mystery – The
Chapter 4 – Ecosystems and Communities Chapter Mystery – The

... During the 1930s, hunting and trapping eliminated wolves from Yellowstone National Park. For decades, ecologists hypothesized that the loss of wolves – important predators of Elk and other large grazing animals – had changed the park ecosystem. But because there were no before and after data, it was ...
Lecture 29: Biodiversity Tropics vs. Temperate vs. Polar
Lecture 29: Biodiversity Tropics vs. Temperate vs. Polar

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Final Review

... How might we define the term ecosystem? There are two tightly coupled features of ecosystems that form the basis for much of the study, and much of our understanding of the relationships among the members in these entities. What are they? What was Lotka’s Mill-wheel of life? Why was this so importa ...
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Ecological fitting



Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.
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