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Community Ecology
... = constant (carrying capacity), and is a measure of the effect of one individual of species 2 on the growth of species 1. If then individuals of the 2 species are interchangeable. If > 1, interspecific competition is more influential than intraspecific competition; if < 1, intra > inter ...
... = constant (carrying capacity), and is a measure of the effect of one individual of species 2 on the growth of species 1. If then individuals of the 2 species are interchangeable. If > 1, interspecific competition is more influential than intraspecific competition; if < 1, intra > inter ...
Neutral Macroecology - McGill Biology
... range size is basically geometric or log-series, but the pattern that is observed depends on the rate of dispersal. At very low dispersal rates, each community becomes dominated by one of the species that initially colonized the site. Range size therefore has a nearly Poisson distribution. Provided ...
... range size is basically geometric or log-series, but the pattern that is observed depends on the rate of dispersal. At very low dispersal rates, each community becomes dominated by one of the species that initially colonized the site. Range size therefore has a nearly Poisson distribution. Provided ...
Phytoplankton niches, traits and eco
... outline here (Fig. 1). First, a species’ phenotypic plasticity (Table 1) can allow it to persist as the environment changes (Charmantier et al. 2008), essentially widening its ecological niche (Polechova & Storch 2008). Species, as well as traits, differ in their plasticity ranges, and higher plasti ...
... outline here (Fig. 1). First, a species’ phenotypic plasticity (Table 1) can allow it to persist as the environment changes (Charmantier et al. 2008), essentially widening its ecological niche (Polechova & Storch 2008). Species, as well as traits, differ in their plasticity ranges, and higher plasti ...
Unit 1 - Glossary
... Factors relating to long term weather conditions [which affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem] When 2 or more organisms fight for a resource that is in short supply. The wise management of the environment or organisms An active physical confrontation between 2 organisms in which only ...
... Factors relating to long term weather conditions [which affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem] When 2 or more organisms fight for a resource that is in short supply. The wise management of the environment or organisms An active physical confrontation between 2 organisms in which only ...
Wildlife Team CFLRP Overview
... wide range of habitats which include but are not limited to the lower montane. The broad set of ecological functions performed by black bear make the species less ecologically informative than species with fewer ecological functions. Black bears may exert pressure on other species through predation ...
... wide range of habitats which include but are not limited to the lower montane. The broad set of ecological functions performed by black bear make the species less ecologically informative than species with fewer ecological functions. Black bears may exert pressure on other species through predation ...
Small-scale organism distributions and patterns of species diversity
... Distribution of organisms 2 250 pm and tube-builders in a single vertically and horizontally subsectioned box core that contained tubes of the polychaetes Chaetopterus variopedatus, Loimia rnedusa and Macroclymene zonalis is shown in Fig. 3. Organism density was highest near the surface (i.e.81 1 '0 ...
... Distribution of organisms 2 250 pm and tube-builders in a single vertically and horizontally subsectioned box core that contained tubes of the polychaetes Chaetopterus variopedatus, Loimia rnedusa and Macroclymene zonalis is shown in Fig. 3. Organism density was highest near the surface (i.e.81 1 '0 ...
Ecology and social action
... the environment which is their habitat - tells us that everything that lives on the earth requires for its survival suitable interactions with other living things and with the non-living environment. A simple, basic, example is the terrestrial cycle: plants (grass, let us say) are eaten by terrestri ...
... the environment which is their habitat - tells us that everything that lives on the earth requires for its survival suitable interactions with other living things and with the non-living environment. A simple, basic, example is the terrestrial cycle: plants (grass, let us say) are eaten by terrestri ...
Ecology notes
... biological communities, remove organisms from them, and alter the availability of resources. The types of disturbances and their frequency and severity vary from community to community. Small-scale disturbance often have positive effects. For example, when a large tree falls in a windstorm, it distu ...
... biological communities, remove organisms from them, and alter the availability of resources. The types of disturbances and their frequency and severity vary from community to community. Small-scale disturbance often have positive effects. For example, when a large tree falls in a windstorm, it distu ...
Functional traits of grasses growing in open and shaded habitats
... the form and function of plants. Plants that thrive in the deep shade of the understory of a forest are expected to differ in several traits compared to those successful in open, well-lit habitats. Since photosynthesis is directly influenced by the amount of light leaves intercept, most comparative ...
... the form and function of plants. Plants that thrive in the deep shade of the understory of a forest are expected to differ in several traits compared to those successful in open, well-lit habitats. Since photosynthesis is directly influenced by the amount of light leaves intercept, most comparative ...
CHAPTER 18 - Southern Local Schools
... Notice that the arrow goes from the rabbit to the fox, showing that the rabbit is food for the fox. The rabbit is also food for the owl. Neither the fox nor the owl is ever food for the rabbit. Energy moves from one organism to the next in a one-way direction, even in a food web. Any energy not imme ...
... Notice that the arrow goes from the rabbit to the fox, showing that the rabbit is food for the fox. The rabbit is also food for the owl. Neither the fox nor the owl is ever food for the rabbit. Energy moves from one organism to the next in a one-way direction, even in a food web. Any energy not imme ...
How parasites divide resources: a test of the niche apportionment
... Rohde 1996; Poulin & Valtonen 2001; Gotelli & Rohde 2002). Taken as a whole, these investigations have revealed that departures from random species assembly do occur, but they are the exceptions rather than the norm: most patterns of species co-occurrence are no different from those predicted by nul ...
... Rohde 1996; Poulin & Valtonen 2001; Gotelli & Rohde 2002). Taken as a whole, these investigations have revealed that departures from random species assembly do occur, but they are the exceptions rather than the norm: most patterns of species co-occurrence are no different from those predicted by nul ...
Wildlife team update - Front Range Roundtable
... wide range of habitats which include but are not limited to the lower montane. The broad set of ecological functions performed by black bear make the species less ecologically informative than species with fewer ecological functions. Black bears may exert pressure on other species through predation ...
... wide range of habitats which include but are not limited to the lower montane. The broad set of ecological functions performed by black bear make the species less ecologically informative than species with fewer ecological functions. Black bears may exert pressure on other species through predation ...
ASSEMBLAGES: Evidence from the Fossil Record
... and successes and failures of lineages over time and in different biogeographic arenas. 2. Why do some assemblages of organisms coexist for long periods of time, whereas other assemblages change rapidly and have little long-term continuity? This question is relevant to current debates about ecologic ...
... and successes and failures of lineages over time and in different biogeographic arenas. 2. Why do some assemblages of organisms coexist for long periods of time, whereas other assemblages change rapidly and have little long-term continuity? This question is relevant to current debates about ecologic ...
Biological Characteristics of Rivers
... ecosystems encounter more frequent disturbances than other aquatic ecosystems. This situation favors r-strategists becoming more numerous in stream ecosystems than k-strategists. Some plant species on sand bars recede when bars become stable, since they are adapted to unstable environment but they a ...
... ecosystems encounter more frequent disturbances than other aquatic ecosystems. This situation favors r-strategists becoming more numerous in stream ecosystems than k-strategists. Some plant species on sand bars recede when bars become stable, since they are adapted to unstable environment but they a ...
ASSEMBLAGES: Evidence from the Fossil Record
... and successes and failures of lineages over time and in different biogeographic arenas. 2. Why do some assemblages of organisms coexist for long periods of time, whereas other assemblages change rapidly and have little long-term continuity? This question is relevant to current debates about ecologic ...
... and successes and failures of lineages over time and in different biogeographic arenas. 2. Why do some assemblages of organisms coexist for long periods of time, whereas other assemblages change rapidly and have little long-term continuity? This question is relevant to current debates about ecologic ...
Mutualisms
... one species cannot survive without the presence of the other species; a facultative mutualism is an interaction that benefits both species but is not required by either species. One reason facultative mutualisms are more common is that A) in an obligate mutualism, if the partner becomes extinct, the ...
... one species cannot survive without the presence of the other species; a facultative mutualism is an interaction that benefits both species but is not required by either species. One reason facultative mutualisms are more common is that A) in an obligate mutualism, if the partner becomes extinct, the ...
Niche-Based vs. Neutral Models of Ecological Communities
... neutralists cannot really have their cake (trade-offs) and eat it too – that is, treat the organisms of different species as ecological equivalents, each having an equal probability of survival and reproduction. Chase and Leibold do not acknowledge the above argument of Hubbell’s (2001). However, th ...
... neutralists cannot really have their cake (trade-offs) and eat it too – that is, treat the organisms of different species as ecological equivalents, each having an equal probability of survival and reproduction. Chase and Leibold do not acknowledge the above argument of Hubbell’s (2001). However, th ...
Biotic and abiotic factors interact in complex ways in communities
... Organisms depend on other organisms and nonliving factors in their environment for survival. Ecology is the scientific discipline in which the relationships among living organisms and the interaction the organisms have with their environments are studied. Ecologists observe, experiment, and model us ...
... Organisms depend on other organisms and nonliving factors in their environment for survival. Ecology is the scientific discipline in which the relationships among living organisms and the interaction the organisms have with their environments are studied. Ecologists observe, experiment, and model us ...
5 THE ECOLOGICAL NICHES OF LEPTOSPERMUM SCOPAR/UM
... in their morphology, but others, resulting from physiological differences, are cryptic. Plants have evolved in communities and it may be assumed that natural selection has caused divergences which minimize competition. The possession of such differences is analogous to the phenomenon of character di ...
... in their morphology, but others, resulting from physiological differences, are cryptic. Plants have evolved in communities and it may be assumed that natural selection has caused divergences which minimize competition. The possession of such differences is analogous to the phenomenon of character di ...
Community Structure
... populations existing in a common area, which interact with each other and share the same general resources. Plants, animals, and microorganisms are all part of a community. Abiotic components of the environment, such as precipitation, temperature, and soil help define that community. Some communitie ...
... populations existing in a common area, which interact with each other and share the same general resources. Plants, animals, and microorganisms are all part of a community. Abiotic components of the environment, such as precipitation, temperature, and soil help define that community. Some communitie ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.