by Sydne Record
... In the greenhouse, I grew Swamp Lousewort with native, non-native invasive, or a mixture of native and non-native invasive graminoids (grasses). The native graminoids were Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus) and Common Rush (Juncus effusus). The non-native invasive graminoids were Reed Canary Grass and Sm ...
... In the greenhouse, I grew Swamp Lousewort with native, non-native invasive, or a mixture of native and non-native invasive graminoids (grasses). The native graminoids were Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus) and Common Rush (Juncus effusus). The non-native invasive graminoids were Reed Canary Grass and Sm ...
Including species interactions in risk assessments for global change
... ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTS FOR GLOBAL CHANGE needed for each of these variables, with scenarios of future change (Leemans, 1996). We also need functions that relate microclimate to radiation and topography (Nikolov & Zeller, 1992); evaporative cooling to radiation (Kingsolver, 1979); evapotranspir ...
... ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTS FOR GLOBAL CHANGE needed for each of these variables, with scenarios of future change (Leemans, 1996). We also need functions that relate microclimate to radiation and topography (Nikolov & Zeller, 1992); evaporative cooling to radiation (Kingsolver, 1979); evapotranspir ...
uncorrected page proofs - Oxford University Press
... 2 Categorise the items in your list as either biotic (living) or abiotic (non-living) resources. 3 Examine Figure 3.2. Identify as many processes as you can that naturally occur within ecosystems. Make a list of inputs these processes require. Are these items the same as the resources you listed i ...
... 2 Categorise the items in your list as either biotic (living) or abiotic (non-living) resources. 3 Examine Figure 3.2. Identify as many processes as you can that naturally occur within ecosystems. Make a list of inputs these processes require. Are these items the same as the resources you listed i ...
Article - The Darwin Initiative
... Detailed analyses have yet to be completed relating Belizean Chamaedorea distributions and abundances to forest type and topography. However, the initial results of this work are already providing the basic building blocks from which a sustainable xaté management plan for the Chiquibul Forest Reserv ...
... Detailed analyses have yet to be completed relating Belizean Chamaedorea distributions and abundances to forest type and topography. However, the initial results of this work are already providing the basic building blocks from which a sustainable xaté management plan for the Chiquibul Forest Reserv ...
Biodiversity and resilience of arthropod communities after fire
... challenge for ecologists is to understand the factors that affect the resilience of community structures and ecosystem functions. In many forest ecosystems, one such important natural disturbance is fire. The aim of this study was to understand the variation of resilience in six functional groups of ...
... challenge for ecologists is to understand the factors that affect the resilience of community structures and ecosystem functions. In many forest ecosystems, one such important natural disturbance is fire. The aim of this study was to understand the variation of resilience in six functional groups of ...
Ecology 86(7)
... each of these gradients, the higher the score, the higher is the level of the resource in the species’ realized niche. In other words, a species with an insolation value of 2 would be very shade tolerant relative to a species with an insolation value of 7. Hyphens indicate a broad tolerance (a gener ...
... each of these gradients, the higher the score, the higher is the level of the resource in the species’ realized niche. In other words, a species with an insolation value of 2 would be very shade tolerant relative to a species with an insolation value of 7. Hyphens indicate a broad tolerance (a gener ...
sympatric speciation
... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
A role for assisted evolution in designing native plant materials for
... geneticists, plant breeders, weed scientists, and engineers must all work together to confront the problem at various ecological scales. The research objective must be to develop seeding technologies, weed management protocols, and plant materials that may be prescribed for rehabilitating the land a ...
... geneticists, plant breeders, weed scientists, and engineers must all work together to confront the problem at various ecological scales. The research objective must be to develop seeding technologies, weed management protocols, and plant materials that may be prescribed for rehabilitating the land a ...
Coexistence of nearly neutral species - SYSU
... simulated the effects of differential birth rates (as proposed by Zhang and Lin 1997) on species-abundance distributions. These models depart from Hubbell’s neutral model by only considering species difference in either birth rate or death rate, but not both, although in reality species differ in bo ...
... simulated the effects of differential birth rates (as proposed by Zhang and Lin 1997) on species-abundance distributions. These models depart from Hubbell’s neutral model by only considering species difference in either birth rate or death rate, but not both, although in reality species differ in bo ...
Dispersal traits determine plant response to habitat
... In this study, we investigated the role of plant functional traits in response to habitat fragmentation in an urban environment. We assumed that traits supporting local persistence and dispersal influence plant response to fragmentation. Specifically, we hypothesized that species responding to fragm ...
... In this study, we investigated the role of plant functional traits in response to habitat fragmentation in an urban environment. We assumed that traits supporting local persistence and dispersal influence plant response to fragmentation. Specifically, we hypothesized that species responding to fragm ...
Assessing the diversity, abundance and
... Table 1. Summary of habitat parameters at the 23 survey sites over the three survey occasions _______ 14 Table 2. Number of sample sites occupied by frog species likely to occur in the region._____________ 17 Table 3. T-test results for the differences in water chemistry and habitat parameters at si ...
... Table 1. Summary of habitat parameters at the 23 survey sites over the three survey occasions _______ 14 Table 2. Number of sample sites occupied by frog species likely to occur in the region._____________ 17 Table 3. T-test results for the differences in water chemistry and habitat parameters at si ...
VERTEBRATES: FISH, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, MAMMALS
... period of time over the course of a year that a wetland, pond, or lake contains water. In lentic systems, the hydroperiod gradient ranges from ephemeral pools and ponds that may contain water for days or weeks during a rainy period of the year, to permanent lakes that support diverse communities of ...
... period of time over the course of a year that a wetland, pond, or lake contains water. In lentic systems, the hydroperiod gradient ranges from ephemeral pools and ponds that may contain water for days or weeks during a rainy period of the year, to permanent lakes that support diverse communities of ...
The global diversity of protozoa and other small species
... It is not a simpk task to provide accurate estimates of giohal speciesrichnessin any of the larger taxonomic groups. Even for the well-studied insects, then? is considerable variation in published estimates [I]; and with respect to the micro-organisms, the task is generally considered to he rather d ...
... It is not a simpk task to provide accurate estimates of giohal speciesrichnessin any of the larger taxonomic groups. Even for the well-studied insects, then? is considerable variation in published estimates [I]; and with respect to the micro-organisms, the task is generally considered to he rather d ...
Genetic diversity in widespread species is not congruent with
... Loss of biodiversity is currently occurring at rates unequalled in geological times and is induced, among other causes, by human land use change. This loss is of major ecological, economical and societal concern (Frankham & Ralls 1998). Implementation of efficient conservation measures that limit th ...
... Loss of biodiversity is currently occurring at rates unequalled in geological times and is induced, among other causes, by human land use change. This loss is of major ecological, economical and societal concern (Frankham & Ralls 1998). Implementation of efficient conservation measures that limit th ...
Reconciling Ecosystems: Reversing Declines in Native Species
... ecosystems provide to humans—in assessments of water-related activities. Ecosystems are important not only to support specific species, but also for the broader set of services they provide (Daily et al. 2009). As highlighted by the National Research Council (2005) and the Environmental Protection A ...
... ecosystems provide to humans—in assessments of water-related activities. Ecosystems are important not only to support specific species, but also for the broader set of services they provide (Daily et al. 2009). As highlighted by the National Research Council (2005) and the Environmental Protection A ...
Biodiversity and biogeography: adaptive radiation in the
... environmental barrier, such as a river, is the very basis of allopatric speciation theory (Coyne & Orr, 2004). Currently, speciation theory has not incorporated environmental changes during the event of speciation itself. Often environments are not nearly as static as one would like to believe. Wate ...
... environmental barrier, such as a river, is the very basis of allopatric speciation theory (Coyne & Orr, 2004). Currently, speciation theory has not incorporated environmental changes during the event of speciation itself. Often environments are not nearly as static as one would like to believe. Wate ...
Community Ecology
... suggests that moderate levels of disturbance can foster greater diversity than either high or low levels of disturbance • High levels of disturbance exclude many slowgrowing species • Low levels of disturbance allow dominant species to exclude less competitive species ...
... suggests that moderate levels of disturbance can foster greater diversity than either high or low levels of disturbance • High levels of disturbance exclude many slowgrowing species • Low levels of disturbance allow dominant species to exclude less competitive species ...
91: 3656-3663
... Abstract. Facilitation and competition are ecological interactions that are crucial for the organization of plant communities. Facilitative interactions tend to occur among distantly related species, while the strength of competition tends to decrease with phylogenetic distance. The balance between ...
... Abstract. Facilitation and competition are ecological interactions that are crucial for the organization of plant communities. Facilitative interactions tend to occur among distantly related species, while the strength of competition tends to decrease with phylogenetic distance. The balance between ...
Floral Evolution - Harvard University Center for the Environment
... In the recent past, experiments in various ecosystems analysed the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. It was shown that the more complex an ecosystem is, the higher the biodiversity tends to be and the ‘healthier’ the ecosystem [2]. Nowadays, the composition and diversity of b ...
... In the recent past, experiments in various ecosystems analysed the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. It was shown that the more complex an ecosystem is, the higher the biodiversity tends to be and the ‘healthier’ the ecosystem [2]. Nowadays, the composition and diversity of b ...
Coevolutionary Dynamics and the Conservation of Mutualisms
... the exchange of commodities in a “biological market”: each species trades a commodity to which it has ready access for a commodity that is difficult or impossible for it to acquire (Noë and Hammerstein 1995; see also Douglas 1994). For instance, plants provide carbon to their mycorrhizal fungi in ret ...
... the exchange of commodities in a “biological market”: each species trades a commodity to which it has ready access for a commodity that is difficult or impossible for it to acquire (Noë and Hammerstein 1995; see also Douglas 1994). For instance, plants provide carbon to their mycorrhizal fungi in ret ...
The Northern Tall Grass Prairie
... Prior to increased human settlement in the late 1800's, tallgrass prairies were frequently disturbed by fire and the grazing of elk and bison. Estimates of pre-settlement fire frequency are every 5-10 years (Wright and Bailey 1982), every 6 years (Rowe 1969) and two to five times every 10 years (Hul ...
... Prior to increased human settlement in the late 1800's, tallgrass prairies were frequently disturbed by fire and the grazing of elk and bison. Estimates of pre-settlement fire frequency are every 5-10 years (Wright and Bailey 1982), every 6 years (Rowe 1969) and two to five times every 10 years (Hul ...
Interspecific Dominance Via Vocal Interactions Mediates Altitudinal
... Competition for limited resources often results in the evolution of displays that minimize direct physical combat (Maynard Smith and Harper 2004). In many species, signals reduce escalation of aggressive contests by conveying information about resource-holding potential (Parker 1974) to a network of ...
... Competition for limited resources often results in the evolution of displays that minimize direct physical combat (Maynard Smith and Harper 2004). In many species, signals reduce escalation of aggressive contests by conveying information about resource-holding potential (Parker 1974) to a network of ...
Invasion, disturbance, and competition: modeling the fate of coastal
... (Williamson 1996; Williamson & Fitter 1996). Many factors influence the spread of exotic species (Lonsdale 1999), including light (Keane & Crawley 2002), fire (Hierro et al. 2006), nutrients (Lake & Leishman 2004), natural enemies (Davis et al. 2000), and management practices (Chmura & Sierka 2007). ...
... (Williamson 1996; Williamson & Fitter 1996). Many factors influence the spread of exotic species (Lonsdale 1999), including light (Keane & Crawley 2002), fire (Hierro et al. 2006), nutrients (Lake & Leishman 2004), natural enemies (Davis et al. 2000), and management practices (Chmura & Sierka 2007). ...
Using object-based segmentation to identify invasive species in
... can be a reliable way to classify invasive species, but the methodology could be greatly improved. The experimentation performed in this study suggested that the same approach did not apply equally well to both common reed and purple loosestrife. Instead of having a general method to identify an inv ...
... can be a reliable way to classify invasive species, but the methodology could be greatly improved. The experimentation performed in this study suggested that the same approach did not apply equally well to both common reed and purple loosestrife. Instead of having a general method to identify an inv ...
Biodiversity action plan
This article is about a conservation biology topic. For other uses of BAP, see BAP (disambiguation).A biodiversity action plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program addressing threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems. The original impetus for these plans derives from the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). As of 2009, 191 countries have ratified the CBD, but only a fraction of these have developed substantive BAP documents.The principal elements of a BAP typically include: (a) preparing inventories of biological information for selected species or habitats; (b) assessing the conservation status of species within specified ecosystems; (c) creation of targets for conservation and restoration; and (d) establishing budgets, timelines and institutional partnerships for implementing the BAP.