Alternative stable states and regional community structure
... patches connected by dispersal. Patches undergo stochastic extinction and are recolonized by species via global dispersal from the region. Stochastic extinction of local populations occurs via extrinsic factors such as disturbance, but not through exclusion by colonizing species. When occupied, patc ...
... patches connected by dispersal. Patches undergo stochastic extinction and are recolonized by species via global dispersal from the region. Stochastic extinction of local populations occurs via extrinsic factors such as disturbance, but not through exclusion by colonizing species. When occupied, patc ...
A cross-system meta-analysis reveals coupled predation effects on
... Volume 124, Issue 11, pages 1427–1435, November 2015 Predator diversity and abundance are under strong human pressure in all types of ecosystems. Whereas predator potentially control standing biomass and species interactions in food webs, their effects on prey biomass and especially prey biodiversit ...
... Volume 124, Issue 11, pages 1427–1435, November 2015 Predator diversity and abundance are under strong human pressure in all types of ecosystems. Whereas predator potentially control standing biomass and species interactions in food webs, their effects on prey biomass and especially prey biodiversit ...
Food webs: reconciling the structure and function of biodiversity
... The global biodiversity crisis concerns not only unprecedented loss of species within communities, but also related consequences for ecosystem function. Community ecology focuses on patterns of species richness and community composition, whereas ecosystem ecology focuses on fluxes of energy and mate ...
... The global biodiversity crisis concerns not only unprecedented loss of species within communities, but also related consequences for ecosystem function. Community ecology focuses on patterns of species richness and community composition, whereas ecosystem ecology focuses on fluxes of energy and mate ...
Effects of altered resource consumption rates by one consumer
... increase its own density, and potentially decrease the density of its competitor. If death rates (or more generally, resource requirements for replacement) are sufficiently high, the responses of densities to consumption rates in the system analysed here match the intuition based on the (),)) form o ...
... increase its own density, and potentially decrease the density of its competitor. If death rates (or more generally, resource requirements for replacement) are sufficiently high, the responses of densities to consumption rates in the system analysed here match the intuition based on the (),)) form o ...
Spatial patterns in the tropical forest reveal connections
... by a species-specific unit length is required when the length scales are related to the abundance. In a recent work [30], we have suggested that the second scenario is the relevant one, at least for the tropical forest we have examined. Using other methods of point pattern distribution analysis (nea ...
... by a species-specific unit length is required when the length scales are related to the abundance. In a recent work [30], we have suggested that the second scenario is the relevant one, at least for the tropical forest we have examined. Using other methods of point pattern distribution analysis (nea ...
Ecology and evolution of negative and positive interactions in
... Parasitism is an exceptional interaction in cacti, albeit probably more widespread than currently known, since several cases of cryptic parasitism with fungi as parasites have been reported (Suryanarayanan et al. 2005; Ayala-Escobar et al. 2006; Pereira et al. 2007). One of the few examples of paras ...
... Parasitism is an exceptional interaction in cacti, albeit probably more widespread than currently known, since several cases of cryptic parasitism with fungi as parasites have been reported (Suryanarayanan et al. 2005; Ayala-Escobar et al. 2006; Pereira et al. 2007). One of the few examples of paras ...
What is the impact of Impatiens glandulifera on
... In 2004–2005, 30 pairs of 4 · 4 m plots were selected in the valleys of six rivers (Fig. 1). Each pair consisted of heavily invaded (with at least 60% of I. glandulifera cover) and nearby uninvaded vegetation (further termed ‘‘comparative invaded and uninvaded’’). Uninvaded plots were selected as to ...
... In 2004–2005, 30 pairs of 4 · 4 m plots were selected in the valleys of six rivers (Fig. 1). Each pair consisted of heavily invaded (with at least 60% of I. glandulifera cover) and nearby uninvaded vegetation (further termed ‘‘comparative invaded and uninvaded’’). Uninvaded plots were selected as to ...
The Scale of Successional Models and Restoration Objectives
... (Cairns 1990), and in some cases these might be a particular composition, some functional process reestablished (like tidal flow in marshes), or comparison against a reference site. Intervention might require the reduction or removal of species or circumstances that might prevent site restoration, s ...
... (Cairns 1990), and in some cases these might be a particular composition, some functional process reestablished (like tidal flow in marshes), or comparison against a reference site. Intervention might require the reduction or removal of species or circumstances that might prevent site restoration, s ...
Coevolution: A synergy in biology and ecology
... (1) Make a long-term observation to some of the traits possibly caused by coevolution between species to investigate the relationship between genetic variation, for example, Pimentel’s study on housefly-parasitoid relationship, and Barertt’s study on pathogen virulence and plant resistance (Futuyma ...
... (1) Make a long-term observation to some of the traits possibly caused by coevolution between species to investigate the relationship between genetic variation, for example, Pimentel’s study on housefly-parasitoid relationship, and Barertt’s study on pathogen virulence and plant resistance (Futuyma ...
Sinclair ARE, Mduma S, Brashares JS. 2003. Patterns of predation
... (top-down) and resource limitation (bottom-up) to act simultaneously to affect herbivore populations. This result may apply generally in systems where there is a diversity of predators and prey. The influence of predation and resource availability on population dynamics has long been a focus of ecol ...
... (top-down) and resource limitation (bottom-up) to act simultaneously to affect herbivore populations. This result may apply generally in systems where there is a diversity of predators and prey. The influence of predation and resource availability on population dynamics has long been a focus of ecol ...
Lugo et al. 2012 - Penn State University
... predation from nesting in utility poles (Vázquez Plass, 2008). In addition to increased food supplies and nesting success, Vázquez Plass also hypothesized that demographic traits, such as multiple broods contribute to abundant urban bird populations. The urban environment, including the suburban env ...
... predation from nesting in utility poles (Vázquez Plass, 2008). In addition to increased food supplies and nesting success, Vázquez Plass also hypothesized that demographic traits, such as multiple broods contribute to abundant urban bird populations. The urban environment, including the suburban env ...
PDF - Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
... natural vegetation and large vertebrate assemblages, along with a low human population density (Mittermeier et al. 2002). However, these peculiar conditions may be threatened by the large number of invasive species introduced into the area by humans (Lizarralde & Escobar 2000, Jaksic et al. 2002, An ...
... natural vegetation and large vertebrate assemblages, along with a low human population density (Mittermeier et al. 2002). However, these peculiar conditions may be threatened by the large number of invasive species introduced into the area by humans (Lizarralde & Escobar 2000, Jaksic et al. 2002, An ...
Invasiveness, invasibility and the role of environmental
... natives, non-invasive non-natives and invasive non-natives. We then consider the current state of knowledge about invasiveness and invasibility. Despite much investigation, it has proven difficult to identify traits that consistently predict invasiveness. This may be largely because different traits ...
... natives, non-invasive non-natives and invasive non-natives. We then consider the current state of knowledge about invasiveness and invasibility. Despite much investigation, it has proven difficult to identify traits that consistently predict invasiveness. This may be largely because different traits ...
Morphology and Niche Partitioning of Fish Assemblage in the Tonle
... abbreviated versions of each species. ................................................................................... 15 Table 2: Variable loadings of 31 morphological features from principal component analysis of 27 fish species in the fish assemblage........................................... ...
... abbreviated versions of each species. ................................................................................... 15 Table 2: Variable loadings of 31 morphological features from principal component analysis of 27 fish species in the fish assemblage........................................... ...
Changes in the flora of Thoreau`s Concord
... (1805–1878), Alfred Hosmer (1851–1903) and Richard Eaton (1890–1976). These individuals were part of a community who walked around Concord, studied its flora, and shared observations of species and localities. This informal community of Concord naturalists continues today. Concord’s plants are first ...
... (1805–1878), Alfred Hosmer (1851–1903) and Richard Eaton (1890–1976). These individuals were part of a community who walked around Concord, studied its flora, and shared observations of species and localities. This informal community of Concord naturalists continues today. Concord’s plants are first ...
The Fading Call oF The Wild - International Fund for Animal Welfare
... wildlife and people. Not only would losing these species have drastic ecological and economic impacts, I believe their loss will impact us in ways we aren’t even able yet to articulate. These species aren’t disappearing due to natural processes, in fact, it’s quite the opposite. We are losing them d ...
... wildlife and people. Not only would losing these species have drastic ecological and economic impacts, I believe their loss will impact us in ways we aren’t even able yet to articulate. These species aren’t disappearing due to natural processes, in fact, it’s quite the opposite. We are losing them d ...
Murray Hardyhead Primefact - NSW Department of Primary Industries
... significant penalties apply. For critically endangered species, these penalties can include fines of up to $220,000 and up to 2 years in prison. There can also be significant penalties for causing damage to the habitat of a threatened species without approval, through actions such as dredging river ...
... significant penalties apply. For critically endangered species, these penalties can include fines of up to $220,000 and up to 2 years in prison. There can also be significant penalties for causing damage to the habitat of a threatened species without approval, through actions such as dredging river ...
ENVI 21 Life in the Ocean
... fish eggs and larvae Some fish eggs may be extremely abundant (e.g. 4 x 1014 pilchard eggs in English Channel) and energetically important as food sources for other pelagic organisms Marine organisms with pelagic larvae exhibit two basic strategies for nourishing larval stages ...
... fish eggs and larvae Some fish eggs may be extremely abundant (e.g. 4 x 1014 pilchard eggs in English Channel) and energetically important as food sources for other pelagic organisms Marine organisms with pelagic larvae exhibit two basic strategies for nourishing larval stages ...
Species distribution models reveal apparent competitive and
... interactions in shaping species ranges is among the oldest challenges in ecology and has now become a prerequisite for predicting species’ responses to global change (Adler and HilleRisLambers 2008). A large number of studies have focused on abiotic drivers of species distributions, such as climatic ...
... interactions in shaping species ranges is among the oldest challenges in ecology and has now become a prerequisite for predicting species’ responses to global change (Adler and HilleRisLambers 2008). A large number of studies have focused on abiotic drivers of species distributions, such as climatic ...
Biology 1020: Course Outline
... This course examines the relationships between organisms and their environments from a number of perspectives. We first examine the relationships between organisms and their physical environment, and then study their contributions to energy flow, trophic structure, and the cycling of matter within e ...
... This course examines the relationships between organisms and their environments from a number of perspectives. We first examine the relationships between organisms and their physical environment, and then study their contributions to energy flow, trophic structure, and the cycling of matter within e ...
Distributional Ecology of New Guinea Birds
... most easily observed and identifiedani- mountain islands varies with area and island's present physical characteristics mals, and partly because of unique isolation, providing innumerable "ex- and is independentof the island's hisadvantagesof New Guinea itself New periments of nature" whereby the to ...
... most easily observed and identifiedani- mountain islands varies with area and island's present physical characteristics mals, and partly because of unique isolation, providing innumerable "ex- and is independentof the island's hisadvantagesof New Guinea itself New periments of nature" whereby the to ...
Soft-bottom intertidal ecosystems shaped by ecosystem engineers
... to modify predatory impact among other species (e.g. Farina et al. 2009; Ransom 2011; chapter 4 & 6). In addition, ecosystem engineering and trophic processes can also be closely related when a single species act as a predator and an engineer simultaneously (e.g. Wilby et al. 2001; Sanders and van V ...
... to modify predatory impact among other species (e.g. Farina et al. 2009; Ransom 2011; chapter 4 & 6). In addition, ecosystem engineering and trophic processes can also be closely related when a single species act as a predator and an engineer simultaneously (e.g. Wilby et al. 2001; Sanders and van V ...
Invertebrate fauna and their ecological context on Whangaokena
... author, using Malaise-trapped beetles is summarised in Appendix 4, while extended discussion and logical justification is given in Hutcheson et al. (1999). For a number of reasons that approach was not possible in this instance. It was acknowledged at the outset of this project that information woul ...
... author, using Malaise-trapped beetles is summarised in Appendix 4, while extended discussion and logical justification is given in Hutcheson et al. (1999). For a number of reasons that approach was not possible in this instance. It was acknowledged at the outset of this project that information woul ...
Despite its inhospitable appearance and lack of
... found exclusively here are thought to have been stygophiles in the past. But the contrary cannot be ruled out - i.e., that all past stygophiles are now exclusive groundwater dwellers. Evolutionary destiny depends on the opportunities which single stygophilic species had of colonising groundwater, su ...
... found exclusively here are thought to have been stygophiles in the past. But the contrary cannot be ruled out - i.e., that all past stygophiles are now exclusive groundwater dwellers. Evolutionary destiny depends on the opportunities which single stygophilic species had of colonising groundwater, su ...
The Identification and Conservation of Important Plant Areas:
... 1.1. The global biodiversity crisis and conservation priorities The continuing loss of global biodiversity has major implications for all of life on earth. Estimates suggest that extinction rates are between 100 and 1000 times that of the natural background rate (Pimm et al 1995). This loss of biodi ...
... 1.1. The global biodiversity crisis and conservation priorities The continuing loss of global biodiversity has major implications for all of life on earth. Estimates suggest that extinction rates are between 100 and 1000 times that of the natural background rate (Pimm et al 1995). This loss of biodi ...
Biodiversity action plan
This article is about a conservation biology topic. For other uses of BAP, see BAP (disambiguation).A biodiversity action plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program addressing threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems. The original impetus for these plans derives from the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). As of 2009, 191 countries have ratified the CBD, but only a fraction of these have developed substantive BAP documents.The principal elements of a BAP typically include: (a) preparing inventories of biological information for selected species or habitats; (b) assessing the conservation status of species within specified ecosystems; (c) creation of targets for conservation and restoration; and (d) establishing budgets, timelines and institutional partnerships for implementing the BAP.