SHIFTING PARADIGMS OF THE EVOLUTION OF CAVE LIFE
... rather the components connected to mating and fecundity. Predictions can be made about the direction of natural selection in both cave and spring populations. Large size should be selected for in caves perhaps because of the increased range of available food and the absence of predator; small size s ...
... rather the components connected to mating and fecundity. Predictions can be made about the direction of natural selection in both cave and spring populations. Large size should be selected for in caves perhaps because of the increased range of available food and the absence of predator; small size s ...
Plant Community Analysis and Dating of the Asulkan
... width of the lichen thallus (Luckman, 1977). The most commonly used species to date substrate is Rizocarpon geographicum because it grows slowly, relatively radially, and has a long life span (Luckman, 1977). Using these methods, a timeline for succession can be developed and compared to plant commu ...
... width of the lichen thallus (Luckman, 1977). The most commonly used species to date substrate is Rizocarpon geographicum because it grows slowly, relatively radially, and has a long life span (Luckman, 1977). Using these methods, a timeline for succession can be developed and compared to plant commu ...
review - Jordi Bascompte
... competitors is logistically challenging, and many of the mathematical tools for analysing the interaction between a pair of competitors do not translate readily to large networks of competing species3. As a consequence, coexistence research has focused overwhelmingly on mechanisms that operate betwe ...
... competitors is logistically challenging, and many of the mathematical tools for analysing the interaction between a pair of competitors do not translate readily to large networks of competing species3. As a consequence, coexistence research has focused overwhelmingly on mechanisms that operate betwe ...
The amphibian decline crisis: A watershed for conservation
... (Planorbella species) exclusively used as first intermediate hosts by R. ondatraeis. In this case, there is no evidence that amphibian populations with high incidences of parasite-caused deformities are undergoing declines, but such subtle effects might well be important in other host–pathogen and hos ...
... (Planorbella species) exclusively used as first intermediate hosts by R. ondatraeis. In this case, there is no evidence that amphibian populations with high incidences of parasite-caused deformities are undergoing declines, but such subtle effects might well be important in other host–pathogen and hos ...
Interpreting the `selection effect` of biodiversity on ecosystem function
... 1995), and occurs when species with particular traits dominate at the expense of others. Trait-dependent complementarity occurs when growth in mixture rather than monoculture increases the functioning of species with particular traits, but not at the expense of other species. Trait-independent compl ...
... 1995), and occurs when species with particular traits dominate at the expense of others. Trait-dependent complementarity occurs when growth in mixture rather than monoculture increases the functioning of species with particular traits, but not at the expense of other species. Trait-independent compl ...
does local competition increase the coexistence of species in
... aggregations, when species eventually become disaggregated, local competition might actually speed their longterm extinction rate as they become surrounded by superior competitors. To test this idea, we performed a post hoc analysis examining the development of spatial patterns in relation to extinc ...
... aggregations, when species eventually become disaggregated, local competition might actually speed their longterm extinction rate as they become surrounded by superior competitors. To test this idea, we performed a post hoc analysis examining the development of spatial patterns in relation to extinc ...
Characterization of the thermal tolerances of forest ants of New England
... Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA ...
... Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA ...
The Distribution, Abundance And Ecological Impacts Of Invasive
... Table 3.10 Dry and wet season bird surveys.................................:................. 50 Table 3.1 IDry and wet season mammal surveys...............................................50 Table 3.12 Diversity and evenness indices in un-.invaded and invaded areas................................... ...
... Table 3.10 Dry and wet season bird surveys.................................:................. 50 Table 3.1 IDry and wet season mammal surveys...............................................50 Table 3.12 Diversity and evenness indices in un-.invaded and invaded areas................................... ...
The diet and ecological role of giraffe
... legislation in an attempt to control the introductions. Charismatic species such as giraffe, however, continue to be introduced owing to their popularity amongst foreign tourists. Thus, it is clear that targeted research into the effects of giraffe introductions is required. The diet assessment of h ...
... legislation in an attempt to control the introductions. Charismatic species such as giraffe, however, continue to be introduced owing to their popularity amongst foreign tourists. Thus, it is clear that targeted research into the effects of giraffe introductions is required. The diet assessment of h ...
EN EN EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 1. CONTEXT OF THE
... to cope with the problem at national level. They are investing resources and efforts in eradicating harmful IAS but such efforts can be undermined by a lack of action in a neighbouring Member State where the species is also present. Equally, there is no coordinated Union action to ensure that when I ...
... to cope with the problem at national level. They are investing resources and efforts in eradicating harmful IAS but such efforts can be undermined by a lack of action in a neighbouring Member State where the species is also present. Equally, there is no coordinated Union action to ensure that when I ...
Monitoring Changes in Genetic Diversity (PDF Available)
... These and other global efforts highlight the need to clarify the scope and meaning of terms such as ‘variability’ and ‘variation’ particularly when we are concerned with monitoring change over time. Many studies adopt the full range of indices from ecology that have been, or might be, referred to as ...
... These and other global efforts highlight the need to clarify the scope and meaning of terms such as ‘variability’ and ‘variation’ particularly when we are concerned with monitoring change over time. Many studies adopt the full range of indices from ecology that have been, or might be, referred to as ...
Reviewer #1: Comments: The abstract is usually a short summary of
... of magnitude more samples in Europe than Pfenninger et al. 2014 did, and then see which population groups seem to be related with which ones. In the same way as researchers found out the original range of humans in some region in Africa. Response: This part has been more developed in the manuscript. ...
... of magnitude more samples in Europe than Pfenninger et al. 2014 did, and then see which population groups seem to be related with which ones. In the same way as researchers found out the original range of humans in some region in Africa. Response: This part has been more developed in the manuscript. ...
ETHOLOGY OF THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED JAVAN SLOW
... rescue centres to provide gum and adequate social partners. Finally, we stress the importance unprotected, human-modified landscapes can have for this species and for reintroduction programmes. ...
... rescue centres to provide gum and adequate social partners. Finally, we stress the importance unprotected, human-modified landscapes can have for this species and for reintroduction programmes. ...
Take this… - Friends of the Tampa Bay National Wildlife Refuges
... poisoned rats should minimize any secondary exposure to raptors. As this study is unlikely to have an effect on the marine environment, it will not impact any of the marine turtles or cetaceans in these waters. The consultation with pertinent organizations and implementation of a review period for t ...
... poisoned rats should minimize any secondary exposure to raptors. As this study is unlikely to have an effect on the marine environment, it will not impact any of the marine turtles or cetaceans in these waters. The consultation with pertinent organizations and implementation of a review period for t ...
Sexratio meiotic drive and interspecific competition
... We have taken two approaches to integrate a continuous-time interspecific competition model and a discretetime sex-ratio meiotic drive population genetic model. First, we calculated the equilibria and invasion criteria for each model separately and then used these solutions to find equilibria and in ...
... We have taken two approaches to integrate a continuous-time interspecific competition model and a discretetime sex-ratio meiotic drive population genetic model. First, we calculated the equilibria and invasion criteria for each model separately and then used these solutions to find equilibria and in ...
Using trait-based ecology to restore resilient ecosystems
... Ecosystem resilience is the ability of the ecosystem to maintain essential features of its composition, structure, and function in the presence of disturbance and environmental change (Halofsky et al. 2014; Waltz et al. 2014). Species that were dominant in historical ecosystems were abundant because ...
... Ecosystem resilience is the ability of the ecosystem to maintain essential features of its composition, structure, and function in the presence of disturbance and environmental change (Halofsky et al. 2014; Waltz et al. 2014). Species that were dominant in historical ecosystems were abundant because ...
Science and management of coral reefs: problems and prospects
... The reefs of South-east Asia have the highest species diversity, but it would clearly not be appropriate to focus all reef management efforts in this part of the world. Part of the solution is further descriptive research to determine the biota of reefs and their adjacent habitats. Such information ...
... The reefs of South-east Asia have the highest species diversity, but it would clearly not be appropriate to focus all reef management efforts in this part of the world. Part of the solution is further descriptive research to determine the biota of reefs and their adjacent habitats. Such information ...
Bitrophic interactions shape biodiversity in space
... a uniform probability density function. These trait values determine the interaction strength between plants and animals. For each of the T traits, one of two interaction rules is used. The first interaction rule is a threshold rule: an animal j with trait value tja can interact with a plant i with t ...
... a uniform probability density function. These trait values determine the interaction strength between plants and animals. For each of the T traits, one of two interaction rules is used. The first interaction rule is a threshold rule: an animal j with trait value tja can interact with a plant i with t ...
Long-term ecological dynamics: reciprocal
... (Vázquez & Simberloff 2002). Effects of N-fixing species on ecosystem-level properties have been studied by comparing adjacent areas in natural forests in Hawaii with and without an invasive actinorhizal shrub (Vitousek & Walker 1989). (b) Habitat fragmentation Habitat fragmentation through human l ...
... (Vázquez & Simberloff 2002). Effects of N-fixing species on ecosystem-level properties have been studied by comparing adjacent areas in natural forests in Hawaii with and without an invasive actinorhizal shrub (Vitousek & Walker 1989). (b) Habitat fragmentation Habitat fragmentation through human l ...
Effects of habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and isolation on the
... there is recognition that some important differences exists between the properties of the ‘matrix’ in terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems, and that they should be taken into account (Ricketts, 2001; Cook et al., 2002; Driscoll, 2005). Although habitat loss and fragmentation are generally considered a ...
... there is recognition that some important differences exists between the properties of the ‘matrix’ in terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems, and that they should be taken into account (Ricketts, 2001; Cook et al., 2002; Driscoll, 2005). Although habitat loss and fragmentation are generally considered a ...
Biomes, Ecosystems, and Communities Worksheets
... Oceanic biomes occur in the open ocean beyond the continental shelf. There are lower concentrations of dissolved nutrients away from shore, so the oceanic zone has a lower density of organisms than the neritic zone. The oceanic zone is divided into additional zones based on water depth. • The epipel ...
... Oceanic biomes occur in the open ocean beyond the continental shelf. There are lower concentrations of dissolved nutrients away from shore, so the oceanic zone has a lower density of organisms than the neritic zone. The oceanic zone is divided into additional zones based on water depth. • The epipel ...
Mammal invaders on islands: impact, control and control impact
... Veitch & Clout, 2001). This relates to what has been termed the ‘10’s rule’: approximately 10% of introductions succeed and approximately 10% of these will be significantly ecologically disruptive (Williamson, 1996). However, with the sheer number of previous attempts, a small proportion of successfu ...
... Veitch & Clout, 2001). This relates to what has been termed the ‘10’s rule’: approximately 10% of introductions succeed and approximately 10% of these will be significantly ecologically disruptive (Williamson, 1996). However, with the sheer number of previous attempts, a small proportion of successfu ...
Adaptation and the Form
... off at the next flower; there waiting for the passage of another moth. Clearly, the behavior mediated by the form of the mite's nervous system kept it from generating deaf moths that would not be able to keep the mite's brood from bat predation; it thus promoted a role that substantially increases t ...
... off at the next flower; there waiting for the passage of another moth. Clearly, the behavior mediated by the form of the mite's nervous system kept it from generating deaf moths that would not be able to keep the mite's brood from bat predation; it thus promoted a role that substantially increases t ...
Sink habitats can alter ecological outcomes for competing species
... (Holt 1985; Amezcua & Holyoak 2000). Alternatively, in environments subject to random disturbances, dispersal between sink habitats can result in population persistence at the regional scale even though persistence does not occur at a local scale (Jansen & Yoshimura 1998). Here, we confront the issu ...
... (Holt 1985; Amezcua & Holyoak 2000). Alternatively, in environments subject to random disturbances, dispersal between sink habitats can result in population persistence at the regional scale even though persistence does not occur at a local scale (Jansen & Yoshimura 1998). Here, we confront the issu ...
A conservation plan for a global biodiversity hotspot— the Cape
... habitats) and process. The sequences of planning decisions and their specific considerations have tended to differ between these two ‘‘schools’’ of thinking, but there is increasing convergence between them as each incorporates ideas from the other while also making new contributions (Margules and Pre ...
... habitats) and process. The sequences of planning decisions and their specific considerations have tended to differ between these two ‘‘schools’’ of thinking, but there is increasing convergence between them as each incorporates ideas from the other while also making new contributions (Margules and Pre ...
Biodiversity action plan
This article is about a conservation biology topic. For other uses of BAP, see BAP (disambiguation).A biodiversity action plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program addressing threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems. The original impetus for these plans derives from the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). As of 2009, 191 countries have ratified the CBD, but only a fraction of these have developed substantive BAP documents.The principal elements of a BAP typically include: (a) preparing inventories of biological information for selected species or habitats; (b) assessing the conservation status of species within specified ecosystems; (c) creation of targets for conservation and restoration; and (d) establishing budgets, timelines and institutional partnerships for implementing the BAP.