Plasticity and trait-mediated indirect interactions among plants
... Indirect interactions among plants can be derived from direct resource competition, allelopathy or facilitation (Pages and Michalet 2003; Callaway 2007; Callaway and Howard 2007), but these have received far less attention than the direct impacts that plants have on one another. This may be because ...
... Indirect interactions among plants can be derived from direct resource competition, allelopathy or facilitation (Pages and Michalet 2003; Callaway 2007; Callaway and Howard 2007), but these have received far less attention than the direct impacts that plants have on one another. This may be because ...
pygmy rabbit petition outline
... Limited Dispersal Ability Amplifies Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Increasingly Isolated Populations VI. Historical and Current Distribution in Areas of Concern and Documented Declines and Some Factors Causing Declines Historic Geographical Distribution Pygmy Rabbit Has Long Been on IUCN Red Li ...
... Limited Dispersal Ability Amplifies Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Increasingly Isolated Populations VI. Historical and Current Distribution in Areas of Concern and Documented Declines and Some Factors Causing Declines Historic Geographical Distribution Pygmy Rabbit Has Long Been on IUCN Red Li ...
Diversity and ecosystem functioning: Litter decomposition
... (Palmer et al., 1997). If the relationship follows the rivet hypothesis, the main focus of restoration would be on the number of species, depending on the degree of redundancy. Which species are present would be of minor interest. If the relationship follows the idiosyncratic response hypothesis, th ...
... (Palmer et al., 1997). If the relationship follows the rivet hypothesis, the main focus of restoration would be on the number of species, depending on the degree of redundancy. Which species are present would be of minor interest. If the relationship follows the idiosyncratic response hypothesis, th ...
Ecosystem consequences of diversity depend on food chain length
... focuses on beds of eelgrass (Zostera marina), the northern hemisphere’s most widespread and abundant benthic marine plant (Fig. 1). Submerged macrophytes provide several important ecosystem services, stabilizing mobile sediments, creating essential three-dimensional habitat for fishery and forage sp ...
... focuses on beds of eelgrass (Zostera marina), the northern hemisphere’s most widespread and abundant benthic marine plant (Fig. 1). Submerged macrophytes provide several important ecosystem services, stabilizing mobile sediments, creating essential three-dimensional habitat for fishery and forage sp ...
the role of competition in structuring ant
... Competition can be broadly defined as a negative interaction between two individuals sharing a limited resource. It may be symmetrical or asymmetrical to one another. The result of competition between two species is an increase in the adjustment of one species over another, due to its superior skill ...
... Competition can be broadly defined as a negative interaction between two individuals sharing a limited resource. It may be symmetrical or asymmetrical to one another. The result of competition between two species is an increase in the adjustment of one species over another, due to its superior skill ...
Abundance, Diversity, and Activity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
... rious defoliation to hardwood forest species, especially oaks (Quercus spp.), over large areas. Aerial application of insecticides is one of the common methods used to control this pest. From 1991 through 1994, 850,000 ha (2.1 million acres) of eastern forests were treated with the microbial insecti ...
... rious defoliation to hardwood forest species, especially oaks (Quercus spp.), over large areas. Aerial application of insecticides is one of the common methods used to control this pest. From 1991 through 1994, 850,000 ha (2.1 million acres) of eastern forests were treated with the microbial insecti ...
Eastern Foxsnake (Elaphe gloydi) - Registre public des espèces en
... the Eastern Foxsnake’s diet. Both active searching and ambush (sit-and-wait) foraging strategies are employed. Eastern Foxsnakes can adapt to limited anthropogenic disturbance, an example being their use of human-made structures for shelter during the summer despite high levels of human activity. Po ...
... the Eastern Foxsnake’s diet. Both active searching and ambush (sit-and-wait) foraging strategies are employed. Eastern Foxsnakes can adapt to limited anthropogenic disturbance, an example being their use of human-made structures for shelter during the summer despite high levels of human activity. Po ...
- Wiley Online Library
... shown to be predictable from their latitudinal distribution (Deutsch et al., 2008; Sunday et al., 2011; Diamond et al., 2012a), life history traits (Pearson et al., 2014), or physiological traits and evolutionary history (Diamond et al., 2012a, b). At the same time, other studies and reviews have po ...
... shown to be predictable from their latitudinal distribution (Deutsch et al., 2008; Sunday et al., 2011; Diamond et al., 2012a), life history traits (Pearson et al., 2014), or physiological traits and evolutionary history (Diamond et al., 2012a, b). At the same time, other studies and reviews have po ...
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... Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected] ...
... Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected] ...
MECHANISMS OF MAINTENANCE OF SPECIES DIVERSITY Peter
... and evenness over long timescales, necessitating consideration of speciation and extinction rates, and infrequent colonizations (35, 74). The primary concern of this review is with diversity maintenance as species coexistence. Many models of species coexistence are thought of as models of coexistenc ...
... and evenness over long timescales, necessitating consideration of speciation and extinction rates, and infrequent colonizations (35, 74). The primary concern of this review is with diversity maintenance as species coexistence. Many models of species coexistence are thought of as models of coexistenc ...
Species Invasions Exceed Extinctions on Islands Worldwide: A
... colonization exist (e.g., Newmark 1995). Islands, however, are noteworthy because it is the extinction of island endemics that has caused some of the most severe losses to the global richness of species (Steadman 1995). Finally, islands allow us to examine changes in richness at spatial scales that ...
... colonization exist (e.g., Newmark 1995). Islands, however, are noteworthy because it is the extinction of island endemics that has caused some of the most severe losses to the global richness of species (Steadman 1995). Finally, islands allow us to examine changes in richness at spatial scales that ...
PestSmart Report Template
... baits specifically targeting feral cats, most notably the Eradicat® and Curiosity baits. Some larger-scale (>1000 km2) programs using these baits are now being implemented, notably including at Matuwa (Lorna Glen) and Fortescue Marsh in the Pilbara region, with results demonstrating substantial redu ...
... baits specifically targeting feral cats, most notably the Eradicat® and Curiosity baits. Some larger-scale (>1000 km2) programs using these baits are now being implemented, notably including at Matuwa (Lorna Glen) and Fortescue Marsh in the Pilbara region, with results demonstrating substantial redu ...
Plants & Ecology Baltic Sea shores and climate change
... & Lockwood 1999) and communities in highly fragmented landscapes, like archipelagos, will probably in the future be dominated by few mobile generalist species even more than today. The world’s human population is to a large part concentrated to the coastlines and ecosystem services of coastal habita ...
... & Lockwood 1999) and communities in highly fragmented landscapes, like archipelagos, will probably in the future be dominated by few mobile generalist species even more than today. The world’s human population is to a large part concentrated to the coastlines and ecosystem services of coastal habita ...
Structure and Stability of Ecological Networks resource use
... therefore weak in many directions compared to the stochastic forces pushing the system away from the equilibrium. As a consequence the risk of crossing extinction thresholds and boundaries separating basins of attractions increases, and hence persistence decreases, as DD decreases. Given the forecas ...
... therefore weak in many directions compared to the stochastic forces pushing the system away from the equilibrium. As a consequence the risk of crossing extinction thresholds and boundaries separating basins of attractions increases, and hence persistence decreases, as DD decreases. Given the forecas ...
Historical contingency in species interactions: towards nichebased
... niche (Fig. 1). Derived from Gause’s (1932) competitive exclusion principle and MacArthur & Levins’s (1967) limiting similarity concept, niche overlap refers to resource use similarity among co-occurring species, independent of their rate of resource consumption (Pianka 1973; Petraitis 1989). Based ...
... niche (Fig. 1). Derived from Gause’s (1932) competitive exclusion principle and MacArthur & Levins’s (1967) limiting similarity concept, niche overlap refers to resource use similarity among co-occurring species, independent of their rate of resource consumption (Pianka 1973; Petraitis 1989). Based ...
Equal partnership: two trematode species, not one, manipulate the
... We compared the relative distribution of the two echinostome species among different locations in the foot and in the rest of the cockle. Looking instead at the numbers of metacercariae per gram of tissue would have yielded similar results. It is interesting to note, however, that because of the way ...
... We compared the relative distribution of the two echinostome species among different locations in the foot and in the rest of the cockle. Looking instead at the numbers of metacercariae per gram of tissue would have yielded similar results. It is interesting to note, however, that because of the way ...
The habitat of Salpa fusiformis in the California current a
... However, the variability of the similarity indices within each category is high and the means of the various conditions differ by as much as 5%. Although no large-scale diffcrcnces in the diatom assemblages found with S. fusiformis can be attributed to the factors tested, it seemed possible that the ...
... However, the variability of the similarity indices within each category is high and the means of the various conditions differ by as much as 5%. Although no large-scale diffcrcnces in the diatom assemblages found with S. fusiformis can be attributed to the factors tested, it seemed possible that the ...
Spatial patterns of weeds along a gradient of landscape complexity
... The aim of this study was to determine the relative effects of landscape complexity and species life-attributes on the spatial distribution of weeds. We quantified spatial patterns of weed communities using regular 50 m grids on ten 1 km × 1 km landscapes varying in their degree of complexity. Our h ...
... The aim of this study was to determine the relative effects of landscape complexity and species life-attributes on the spatial distribution of weeds. We quantified spatial patterns of weed communities using regular 50 m grids on ten 1 km × 1 km landscapes varying in their degree of complexity. Our h ...
Connections between ecology, biogeography, and paleobiology
... Figure 2. (a) Distribution of multiple species across an environmental gradient (data from Whittaker, 1967). This pattern characterizes the way that we would expect the maximum or mean abundances of species to be distributed in a transect across geographical space. Whittaker's (1967) data suggested ...
... Figure 2. (a) Distribution of multiple species across an environmental gradient (data from Whittaker, 1967). This pattern characterizes the way that we would expect the maximum or mean abundances of species to be distributed in a transect across geographical space. Whittaker's (1967) data suggested ...
COTSWOLDS CONSERVATION BOARD
... Responsibility for managing roadside verges primarily lies with the county highway authorities and the Highways Agency, and with District Councils in relation to litter. All these statutory bodies have a duty, under Section 85 of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2004, to have regard to the purp ...
... Responsibility for managing roadside verges primarily lies with the county highway authorities and the Highways Agency, and with District Councils in relation to litter. All these statutory bodies have a duty, under Section 85 of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2004, to have regard to the purp ...
Five Potential Consequences of Climate Change for Invasive Species
... Abstract: Scientific and societal unknowns make it difficult to predict how global environmental changes such as climate change and biological invasions will affect ecological systems. In the long term, these changes may have interacting effects and compound the uncertainty associated with each indi ...
... Abstract: Scientific and societal unknowns make it difficult to predict how global environmental changes such as climate change and biological invasions will affect ecological systems. In the long term, these changes may have interacting effects and compound the uncertainty associated with each indi ...
The Geographical Ecology of Mammals
... 1967) already had set the stage for our current understanding of the evolution and dynamics of ecological niches and habitat selection. Levins's (1962) invention of fitness sets was an early application of optimization theory to what we now call evolutionary ecology. MacArthur and Wilson's (1963, 19 ...
... 1967) already had set the stage for our current understanding of the evolution and dynamics of ecological niches and habitat selection. Levins's (1962) invention of fitness sets was an early application of optimization theory to what we now call evolutionary ecology. MacArthur and Wilson's (1963, 19 ...
Disentangling the importance of ecological niches from stochastic
... limits local species richness, further suggesting that many communities are not saturated with species [7,82–84]. Likewise, local diversity is typically higher in metacommunities where dispersal rates among localities are more frequent relative to those with less-frequent dispersal [83]. Moreover, t ...
... limits local species richness, further suggesting that many communities are not saturated with species [7,82–84]. Likewise, local diversity is typically higher in metacommunities where dispersal rates among localities are more frequent relative to those with less-frequent dispersal [83]. Moreover, t ...
Homogenization, Differentiation, and the Widespread Alteration of
... uniqueness. This process of biotic homogenization contrasts with biotic differentiation, whereby initially similar fish faunas diverge due to introductions of different species. The relative importance of homogenization and differentiation in altering fish faunas has been examined across the world. ...
... uniqueness. This process of biotic homogenization contrasts with biotic differentiation, whereby initially similar fish faunas diverge due to introductions of different species. The relative importance of homogenization and differentiation in altering fish faunas has been examined across the world. ...
2.1.1 Distribution and Abundance
... Of course, the distribution and abundance of organisms within these ecosystems may also vary due to biotic factors such as the availability of food, competition within and between species, the availability of mates for reproduction, exposure to predators, and exposure to disease. ...
... Of course, the distribution and abundance of organisms within these ecosystems may also vary due to biotic factors such as the availability of food, competition within and between species, the availability of mates for reproduction, exposure to predators, and exposure to disease. ...
Biodiversity action plan
This article is about a conservation biology topic. For other uses of BAP, see BAP (disambiguation).A biodiversity action plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program addressing threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems. The original impetus for these plans derives from the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). As of 2009, 191 countries have ratified the CBD, but only a fraction of these have developed substantive BAP documents.The principal elements of a BAP typically include: (a) preparing inventories of biological information for selected species or habitats; (b) assessing the conservation status of species within specified ecosystems; (c) creation of targets for conservation and restoration; and (d) establishing budgets, timelines and institutional partnerships for implementing the BAP.