On the structural stability of mutualistic systems
... be structurally stable if any smooth change in the model itself or in the value of its parameters does not change its dynamical behavior (such as the existence of equilibrium points, limit cycles, or deterministic chaos) (22–25). In the context of ecology, an interesting behavior is the stable coexi ...
... be structurally stable if any smooth change in the model itself or in the value of its parameters does not change its dynamical behavior (such as the existence of equilibrium points, limit cycles, or deterministic chaos) (22–25). In the context of ecology, an interesting behavior is the stable coexi ...
UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Direct, indirect and predator
... overseeing the Montane Elk Project that contributed to an incredible amount of valuable research in southwest Alberta, Dr. Mark Hebblewhite for his generosity with his time and significant guidance on many aspects of my work, Carly Sponarski, Isabelle Laporte and Dr. Allan McDevitt for their hard w ...
... overseeing the Montane Elk Project that contributed to an incredible amount of valuable research in southwest Alberta, Dr. Mark Hebblewhite for his generosity with his time and significant guidance on many aspects of my work, Carly Sponarski, Isabelle Laporte and Dr. Allan McDevitt for their hard w ...
Resilience of Microbial Systems Towards Disturbances - UvA-DARE
... the recognition that species function rather than number was more relevant, and based on this assumption other theories like the redundancy and insurance hypothesis were developed. The observation that different responses can occur within similar environments was the trigger for additional theories ...
... the recognition that species function rather than number was more relevant, and based on this assumption other theories like the redundancy and insurance hypothesis were developed. The observation that different responses can occur within similar environments was the trigger for additional theories ...
Trophic ecology of meiofauna: Francisco J.A. Nascimento
... aquatic sediments every year makes them a globally important reservoir of organic matter. The mineralization of this organic matter in marine sediments is driven mainly by microbial processes with bacteria as the primary mediators (Gage and Tyler 1991; Marinelli and Waldbusser 2005). However, meio- ...
... aquatic sediments every year makes them a globally important reservoir of organic matter. The mineralization of this organic matter in marine sediments is driven mainly by microbial processes with bacteria as the primary mediators (Gage and Tyler 1991; Marinelli and Waldbusser 2005). However, meio- ...
The impacts of wind power on terrestrial mammals
... and pigs, it has been shown that disturbances of various types can lead to stress, which can be measured as increased heart rate or incidence of stressinduced hormones, reduced time for grazing, or impaired reproduction (Ames & Arehart 1972, Dobson & Smith 2000, Spreng 2000, Christensen et al. 2005, ...
... and pigs, it has been shown that disturbances of various types can lead to stress, which can be measured as increased heart rate or incidence of stressinduced hormones, reduced time for grazing, or impaired reproduction (Ames & Arehart 1972, Dobson & Smith 2000, Spreng 2000, Christensen et al. 2005, ...
Benthic Invertebrate Fauna, Small Streams
... 1. Chadwick MA and Huryn AD (2005) Response of stream macroinvertebrate production to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and channel drying. Limnology and Oceanography 50: 228–236. 2. Gaines WL, Cushing CE, and Smith SD (1992) Secondary production estimates of benthic insects in three cold desert strea ...
... 1. Chadwick MA and Huryn AD (2005) Response of stream macroinvertebrate production to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and channel drying. Limnology and Oceanography 50: 228–236. 2. Gaines WL, Cushing CE, and Smith SD (1992) Secondary production estimates of benthic insects in three cold desert strea ...
Carol A. Blanchette for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy... presented on August 29, 1994. Factors on Population
... Menge, who have been excellent mentors and have greatly enhanced my graduate school experience. Both Jane and Bruce provided constant encouragement, support and invaluable advice, yet always allowed me to think for myself. Bruce also provided me with lots of practical field experience at how to dril ...
... Menge, who have been excellent mentors and have greatly enhanced my graduate school experience. Both Jane and Bruce provided constant encouragement, support and invaluable advice, yet always allowed me to think for myself. Bruce also provided me with lots of practical field experience at how to dril ...
Behavioural responses of wildlife to urban
... pressures ultimately affect an animal’s survival, reproduction and fitness (Ibanez-Alamo & Soler, 2010). Accordingly, individuals that can adjust to these new selection pressures should have greater success in urban habitats. These changes can lead to behavioural shifts (or modifications) over time. ...
... pressures ultimately affect an animal’s survival, reproduction and fitness (Ibanez-Alamo & Soler, 2010). Accordingly, individuals that can adjust to these new selection pressures should have greater success in urban habitats. These changes can lead to behavioural shifts (or modifications) over time. ...
Behavioural responses of wildlife to urban environments
... pressures ultimately affect an animal’s survival, reproduction and fitness (Ibanez-Alamo & Soler, 2010). Accordingly, individuals that can adjust to these new selection pressures should have greater success in urban habitats. These changes can lead to behavioural shifts (or modifications) over time. ...
... pressures ultimately affect an animal’s survival, reproduction and fitness (Ibanez-Alamo & Soler, 2010). Accordingly, individuals that can adjust to these new selection pressures should have greater success in urban habitats. These changes can lead to behavioural shifts (or modifications) over time. ...
Species interactions - Lakeland Regional High School
... Changed communities need to be restored • Ecological restoration = returning an area to unchanged conditions - Informed by restoration ecology = the science of restoring an area to the condition that existed before humans changed it - It is difficult, time-consuming, expensive - Best to protect nat ...
... Changed communities need to be restored • Ecological restoration = returning an area to unchanged conditions - Informed by restoration ecology = the science of restoring an area to the condition that existed before humans changed it - It is difficult, time-consuming, expensive - Best to protect nat ...
Antipredatory Defensive Roles of Natural Products from Marine
... unpalatability (distastefulness, deterrency) means that food offerings containing the metabolite are rejected by potential predators without any necessary subsequent harm to the predator. However, any linkage between palatability and toxicity is far from clear. There are certainly examples of defens ...
... unpalatability (distastefulness, deterrency) means that food offerings containing the metabolite are rejected by potential predators without any necessary subsequent harm to the predator. However, any linkage between palatability and toxicity is far from clear. There are certainly examples of defens ...
The Role of Macroinvertebrates in Stream Ecosystem Function
... grazing effect may not be seen when algae are light limited (43, 130) or when grazer abundance is low (85, 91). In recent studies, investigators have used raised platforms in natural streams (43,85,95, 108), enclosures and exclosures in natural streams (44, 45, 109, 110, 160), stream-side or in-stre ...
... grazing effect may not be seen when algae are light limited (43, 130) or when grazer abundance is low (85, 91). In recent studies, investigators have used raised platforms in natural streams (43,85,95, 108), enclosures and exclosures in natural streams (44, 45, 109, 110, 160), stream-side or in-stre ...
Predation in Sea Urchins
... To see whether or not this was an isolated case, another aquarium was set up, containing a single Diadema, several individuals of Lytechinus, and a new urchin, Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus). None of the animals in this aquarium was fed during the period of observation. Diadema I, the original Diad ...
... To see whether or not this was an isolated case, another aquarium was set up, containing a single Diadema, several individuals of Lytechinus, and a new urchin, Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus). None of the animals in this aquarium was fed during the period of observation. Diadema I, the original Diad ...
Somerset LONG BAY EAST - Bermuda Department of Education
... • There are several habitats in this nature reserve including the pond, the young woodland and the beach/dune habitat. These represent a diversity of plant and animal life • Somerset Long Bay is an important sanctuary for resident wetland birds, migratory shore birds and the endemic Bermuda White-ey ...
... • There are several habitats in this nature reserve including the pond, the young woodland and the beach/dune habitat. These represent a diversity of plant and animal life • Somerset Long Bay is an important sanctuary for resident wetland birds, migratory shore birds and the endemic Bermuda White-ey ...
The Hoary Marmot of the North Cascades in Washington
... 2) precipitation and the duration of snow cover, 3) availability of a food source from alpine plants and soils, 4) competition, and 5) predation. When combining these factors, both advantages and disadvantages exist. There has been little change in alpine habitat in the last 150 years. It is relativ ...
... 2) precipitation and the duration of snow cover, 3) availability of a food source from alpine plants and soils, 4) competition, and 5) predation. When combining these factors, both advantages and disadvantages exist. There has been little change in alpine habitat in the last 150 years. It is relativ ...
Effects of human actions on four ecological systems, Margaret Candace Kosmala
... Figure 3-11: Number of aphids per plant after two weeks of being covered by mesh or left uncovered ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 3-12: Log number of aphids per plant after two weeks of ...
... Figure 3-11: Number of aphids per plant after two weeks of being covered by mesh or left uncovered ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 3-12: Log number of aphids per plant after two weeks of ...
Effects of local and regional drivers on plant diversity within tundra
... community does not have to be regarded under the aspect of species richness only. In certain contexts, the relative abundance of plant species can be more important than their absolute number (Whittaker 1972; Purvis & Hector 2000). Depending on the research questions asked and the hypothesized respo ...
... community does not have to be regarded under the aspect of species richness only. In certain contexts, the relative abundance of plant species can be more important than their absolute number (Whittaker 1972; Purvis & Hector 2000). Depending on the research questions asked and the hypothesized respo ...
COMPETITION AND MORPHOLOGICAL SIMILARITY: THE CASE ... THE "SNAKE-LIKE" LIZARDS ANGUIS FRAGILIS (ANGUIDAE) AND
... C. chalcides and ten A. fragilis (five adult males and five adult females for each of the two species). Ali the specimens housed in the terraria were approximately of the same size, and there were no remarkable differences in the relative density of the animais in the three cages. Each enclosure was ...
... C. chalcides and ten A. fragilis (five adult males and five adult females for each of the two species). Ali the specimens housed in the terraria were approximately of the same size, and there were no remarkable differences in the relative density of the animais in the three cages. Each enclosure was ...
Soil Zoology
... reasonable cost (Scrimgeour and Robinson, 2004). Sample size requirements for IRMS are not an issue for soil macro-fauna, but they pose problems for some mesofauna (Neilson & Brown 1999) and prohibit the analysis of microfauna. Broadly, there are two approaches in the use of isotopes in soil ecologi ...
... reasonable cost (Scrimgeour and Robinson, 2004). Sample size requirements for IRMS are not an issue for soil macro-fauna, but they pose problems for some mesofauna (Neilson & Brown 1999) and prohibit the analysis of microfauna. Broadly, there are two approaches in the use of isotopes in soil ecologi ...
Coastal and sub-coastal tree swamps
... ans sub-coastal tree swamps in Queensland are listed as threatened under the federal Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and/or the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act) and/or the IUCN Red List (see Species associated with coastal and subcoastal tre ...
... ans sub-coastal tree swamps in Queensland are listed as threatened under the federal Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and/or the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act) and/or the IUCN Red List (see Species associated with coastal and subcoastal tre ...
View PDF - Cramer Fish Sciences
... biological structure in streams should be influenced by four hydrologic factors (intermittency, flood frequency, flood predictability, and flow predictability) and that invertebrate richness should be highest under conditions of high flow predictability, intermediate under conditions of high flood p ...
... biological structure in streams should be influenced by four hydrologic factors (intermittency, flood frequency, flood predictability, and flow predictability) and that invertebrate richness should be highest under conditions of high flow predictability, intermediate under conditions of high flood p ...
Draft National Wildlife Corridors Plan March 2012
... offer a range of benefits. They allow the movement of species seeking resources, breeding opportunities or specific climatic conditions and support ongoing ecological processes that underpin healthy environments. Connectivity is a critical function of wildlife corridors. The term describes the envir ...
... offer a range of benefits. They allow the movement of species seeking resources, breeding opportunities or specific climatic conditions and support ongoing ecological processes that underpin healthy environments. Connectivity is a critical function of wildlife corridors. The term describes the envir ...
UMARP_Report_02-21-2010_Submit_Science_Prog
... but need not be limited to, quantitative or otherwise measurable assessments of the status and trends in all of the following: (a) The health of the Delta’s estuary and wetland ecosystem for supporting viable populations of aquatic and terrestrial species, habitats, and processes, including viable p ...
... but need not be limited to, quantitative or otherwise measurable assessments of the status and trends in all of the following: (a) The health of the Delta’s estuary and wetland ecosystem for supporting viable populations of aquatic and terrestrial species, habitats, and processes, including viable p ...
Habitat
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A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by human, a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism.A place where a living thing lives is its habitat. It is a place where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.A habitat is made up of physical factors such as soil, moisture, range of temperature, and availability of light as well as biotic factors such as the availability of food and the presence of predators. A habitat is not necessarily a geographic area—for a parasitic organism it is the body of its host, part of the host's body such as the digestive tract, or a cell within the host's body.