Molecular evidence for an extreme genetic bottleneck during
... (i.e., additive) quantitative genetic variation following an initial bottleneck is by reducing the severity of the bottleneck through multiple introductions (Novak and Mack 1995). When two or more genotypes that differ by state (i.e., diverged at some subset of their loci) are introduced, there is a ...
... (i.e., additive) quantitative genetic variation following an initial bottleneck is by reducing the severity of the bottleneck through multiple introductions (Novak and Mack 1995). When two or more genotypes that differ by state (i.e., diverged at some subset of their loci) are introduced, there is a ...
Lecture: Concepts of Regeneration
... • Intermediate tolerance: Able to establish in the understory but they cannot survive for extended periods • Shade intolerant: May establish in the understory, but normally die out in dense shade – When released following extended periods of low light they respond with sluggish growth ...
... • Intermediate tolerance: Able to establish in the understory but they cannot survive for extended periods • Shade intolerant: May establish in the understory, but normally die out in dense shade – When released following extended periods of low light they respond with sluggish growth ...
Monitoring and Control of Raccoons on Seabird Colonies in Haida
... within Gwaii Haanas, with B.C. Parks within ecological reserves, and with the Canadian Wildlife Service in all other areas. The plan refers to a supplementary monitoring plan (Working Group 1995b) that presents the rationale for including or excluding islands. The islands were chosen on the basis of ...
... within Gwaii Haanas, with B.C. Parks within ecological reserves, and with the Canadian Wildlife Service in all other areas. The plan refers to a supplementary monitoring plan (Working Group 1995b) that presents the rationale for including or excluding islands. The islands were chosen on the basis of ...
Contents - Land for Wildlife
... for their food. The mesh is porous to allow for movement of air, water, nutrients and species between layers. ...
... for their food. The mesh is porous to allow for movement of air, water, nutrients and species between layers. ...
Kappel (2005) - the Biology Department
... nition that marine species may be as vulnerable to extinction risk as terrestrial species, despite commonly held perceptions to the contrary (Roberts and Hawkins 1999; Dulvy et al. 2003; Hutchings and Reynolds 2004). In 1996, IUCN sparked a debate in the scientific literature by listing several comm ...
... nition that marine species may be as vulnerable to extinction risk as terrestrial species, despite commonly held perceptions to the contrary (Roberts and Hawkins 1999; Dulvy et al. 2003; Hutchings and Reynolds 2004). In 1996, IUCN sparked a debate in the scientific literature by listing several comm ...
BAITULIN I.O., NESTEROVA S.G. CONDITION OF TREES AND
... medium dendrological area was studied. It is recomended to include in planting with trees and gardens assortiment of middle dendrological districts 91 species of trees and shrubs. For the success of introduction it is extremely important to conduct dendrological zoning of the Aral Sea basin by clima ...
... medium dendrological area was studied. It is recomended to include in planting with trees and gardens assortiment of middle dendrological districts 91 species of trees and shrubs. For the success of introduction it is extremely important to conduct dendrological zoning of the Aral Sea basin by clima ...
Community Ecology (Bio 3TT3) - McMaster Department of Biology
... variables that the species utilizes in its habitat. This subset of the fundamental niche is known as the realized niche. Fundamental niche represents species potential or capability while the realized niche is often seen as being reduced by biotic factors such as competition or predation. For examp ...
... variables that the species utilizes in its habitat. This subset of the fundamental niche is known as the realized niche. Fundamental niche represents species potential or capability while the realized niche is often seen as being reduced by biotic factors such as competition or predation. For examp ...
Species richness and aggregation effects on the productivity of
... Facilitation (positive interspecific interaction) occurs when a certain species has the ability to mitigate the harsh environmental conditions to which a community is exposed or when there is a supply flow of resources from one species to others which is beneficial to the survival of the recipients. ...
... Facilitation (positive interspecific interaction) occurs when a certain species has the ability to mitigate the harsh environmental conditions to which a community is exposed or when there is a supply flow of resources from one species to others which is beneficial to the survival of the recipients. ...
Opportunistic observation of predation of Loggerhead turtle
... Each of these cats was male and weighed; DH27, 5.1 kg, DH27.2, 4.5 kg and MB8, 5.5 kg when trapped. A compilation of the location data derived from GPS datalogger collars, between 30 March and 30 April 2009, is shown in Figure 2. The data indicate almost linear walking patterns as the cats foraged a ...
... Each of these cats was male and weighed; DH27, 5.1 kg, DH27.2, 4.5 kg and MB8, 5.5 kg when trapped. A compilation of the location data derived from GPS datalogger collars, between 30 March and 30 April 2009, is shown in Figure 2. The data indicate almost linear walking patterns as the cats foraged a ...
Paradise on the Brink
... Cape Verde’s biodiversity is of global importance as it includes many endemic species of plants, birds, insects, as well as marine species. Its beaches provide important nesting sites and feeding grounds for endangered marine turtles, and breeding humpback whales that are frequently seen around Boa ...
... Cape Verde’s biodiversity is of global importance as it includes many endemic species of plants, birds, insects, as well as marine species. Its beaches provide important nesting sites and feeding grounds for endangered marine turtles, and breeding humpback whales that are frequently seen around Boa ...
Investigating various butterfly species abundance and distribution in
... puddles along sections. The secondary forest had been selectively logged, with regrowth and occurring for the past decade. There were some dirt roads sectioning the area, with notable disturbance levels and it was significantly more open than the primary forest. In total a sample of 336 individuals ...
... puddles along sections. The secondary forest had been selectively logged, with regrowth and occurring for the past decade. There were some dirt roads sectioning the area, with notable disturbance levels and it was significantly more open than the primary forest. In total a sample of 336 individuals ...
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... and have a very small geographic distribution (Hershler and Sada, 2002). Many of the species in western North America, particularly at the Great Basin in the northern of Mexico, they are endemic and restricted to small areas or to a single spring. Hershler et al. (2014) mentioned that members of the ...
... and have a very small geographic distribution (Hershler and Sada, 2002). Many of the species in western North America, particularly at the Great Basin in the northern of Mexico, they are endemic and restricted to small areas or to a single spring. Hershler et al. (2014) mentioned that members of the ...
Soil detritivore macro-invertebrate assemblages throughout a
... interesting models where vertical stratification of vegetation and tree composition are reduced to their simplest expression, making them about the most simplified forests [7]. In such systems, much attention has been paid to plant community diversity [5, 12] and most works on soil detritivore inver ...
... interesting models where vertical stratification of vegetation and tree composition are reduced to their simplest expression, making them about the most simplified forests [7]. In such systems, much attention has been paid to plant community diversity [5, 12] and most works on soil detritivore inver ...
A niche describes the role or part an organism plays within its
... environment. A niche may also encompass what the organism eats, how it interacts with other living things or biotic factors, and also how it interacts with the non-living, or abiotic, parts of the environment as well. For example, the red fox's habitat might include forest edges, meadows and the ban ...
... environment. A niche may also encompass what the organism eats, how it interacts with other living things or biotic factors, and also how it interacts with the non-living, or abiotic, parts of the environment as well. For example, the red fox's habitat might include forest edges, meadows and the ban ...
MacArthur and Wilson`s Radical Theory
... the consequences of assuming that population and community change arises only through ecological drift, stochastic but limited dispersal, and random speciation. Furthermore, I will consider only one possible mechanism of ecological drift, namely one that I have named zero-sum ecological drift, which ...
... the consequences of assuming that population and community change arises only through ecological drift, stochastic but limited dispersal, and random speciation. Furthermore, I will consider only one possible mechanism of ecological drift, namely one that I have named zero-sum ecological drift, which ...
the rafos expedition to ascension island 1987
... The aims of the expedition were: To assess any impact on the birds due to military activities. To census and map the distribution of Ascension birds as far as was possible in two weeks. To make recommendations on aspects meriting further study. Description of Ascension Ascension is a volcanic island ...
... The aims of the expedition were: To assess any impact on the birds due to military activities. To census and map the distribution of Ascension birds as far as was possible in two weeks. To make recommendations on aspects meriting further study. Description of Ascension Ascension is a volcanic island ...
Interactive comment on “Disruption of metal ion homeostasis in soils
... of the measured soil variables. I am furthermore skeptical of how the reported RDA models were performed. According to Table 2, 94.5% of the variation in forb richness is explained through the model. To me, this seems an unrealistically high percentage, which is furthermore not supported by the clea ...
... of the measured soil variables. I am furthermore skeptical of how the reported RDA models were performed. According to Table 2, 94.5% of the variation in forb richness is explained through the model. To me, this seems an unrealistically high percentage, which is furthermore not supported by the clea ...
ChiroSurveillance
... annual economic value of U.S. crop losses by invasive insect pests: $13 billion annual costs for associated control measures: $500 million invasive species management strategies evolve with time since introduction management efficiency decreases over time Simberloff et al. 2013 ...
... annual economic value of U.S. crop losses by invasive insect pests: $13 billion annual costs for associated control measures: $500 million invasive species management strategies evolve with time since introduction management efficiency decreases over time Simberloff et al. 2013 ...
General impacts of the feral pig (Sus scrofa) Rooting by pigs disturbs
... Rooting by pigs disturbs the seed bank, reduces surface vegetation and alters the soil by increasing soil temperature, increasing or decreasing the nitrogen content, increasing oxidation and increasing the leaching of Ca, P, Zn, Cu and Mg (Kotanen 1994, Singer Swank and Clebsch 1984, Arrington, Toth ...
... Rooting by pigs disturbs the seed bank, reduces surface vegetation and alters the soil by increasing soil temperature, increasing or decreasing the nitrogen content, increasing oxidation and increasing the leaching of Ca, P, Zn, Cu and Mg (Kotanen 1994, Singer Swank and Clebsch 1984, Arrington, Toth ...
... nonsaturating response curve). These scenarios have fundamentally different implications for the consequences of biodiversity loss. If response curves become less saturating over time, losses of even very few species from diverse assemblages could cause substantial declines in productivity. Several ...
Time Series Observations of Species Composition and Behavioral
... occur in large schools to increase their individual chances of survival. However, when groups of predators locate aggregations of prey, their abundance can be greatly reduced. In response to predation pressure, prey aggregations may change location or behavior in an attempt to reduce risk (Auster et ...
... occur in large schools to increase their individual chances of survival. However, when groups of predators locate aggregations of prey, their abundance can be greatly reduced. In response to predation pressure, prey aggregations may change location or behavior in an attempt to reduce risk (Auster et ...
Invertebrates and Global Warming
... likely to have a strong effect, and not just on dragonflies. Precipitation-driven changes in habitat are also likely to affect mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, dipterans (such as mosquitoes and midges), and many other groups. The impacts on these species will not be limited to freshwater taxa. Man ...
... likely to have a strong effect, and not just on dragonflies. Precipitation-driven changes in habitat are also likely to affect mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, dipterans (such as mosquitoes and midges), and many other groups. The impacts on these species will not be limited to freshwater taxa. Man ...
Seedling resistance to herbivory as a predictor of relative
... In this study we use results from a biodiversity experiment, begun in 1994, in which 80 mm of topsoil was initially removed from an area sufficient to mark out 147 plots, each 3 ×3 m (Tilman et al. 1996). Plant communities containing 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 24 species were then synthesised on bare grou ...
... In this study we use results from a biodiversity experiment, begun in 1994, in which 80 mm of topsoil was initially removed from an area sufficient to mark out 147 plots, each 3 ×3 m (Tilman et al. 1996). Plant communities containing 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 24 species were then synthesised on bare grou ...
Succession - The Keep - Eastern Illinois University
... the same region, disturbance from logging will generate a very different successional plant community than would be found on land retired from row crop agriculture or from grazing. Similarly, the spatial extent of the disturbance will influence the rate of succession; large disturbed areas will rege ...
... the same region, disturbance from logging will generate a very different successional plant community than would be found on land retired from row crop agriculture or from grazing. Similarly, the spatial extent of the disturbance will influence the rate of succession; large disturbed areas will rege ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.