Species richness and environmental fluctuation affect population
... reducing its synchrony with other populations of same species. More direct evidence for the significant role of species interactions comes from experimental work by Vasseur and Fox (2009), who have demonstrated that both dispersal and the Moran effect (i.e., the correlated environmental variation th ...
... reducing its synchrony with other populations of same species. More direct evidence for the significant role of species interactions comes from experimental work by Vasseur and Fox (2009), who have demonstrated that both dispersal and the Moran effect (i.e., the correlated environmental variation th ...
Wild Bird Populations in the UK - Government Statistical Service
... potential causes. Many of the declines have been caused by land management changes and the intensification of farming that took place over a long period, such as the loss of mixed farming, a move from spring to autumn sowing of arable crops, change in grassland management (e.g. a switch from hay to ...
... potential causes. Many of the declines have been caused by land management changes and the intensification of farming that took place over a long period, such as the loss of mixed farming, a move from spring to autumn sowing of arable crops, change in grassland management (e.g. a switch from hay to ...
Conservation Implications of Invasion by Plant
... and Levin et al. (1996) suggest that such anthropogenic hybridization may be fairly common, but difficult to detect because many taxa remain poorly studied. However, because hybridization is common among plants there are good reasons to believe that the high number of exotic species in many regions ...
... and Levin et al. (1996) suggest that such anthropogenic hybridization may be fairly common, but difficult to detect because many taxa remain poorly studied. However, because hybridization is common among plants there are good reasons to believe that the high number of exotic species in many regions ...
Invasive Alien Plant Species Found in the Carolinian Zone
... ornithology, natural history sciences, as well as ecological and environmental management. As the largest urban greenspace in Canada, rare’s unique circumstances are ideal for evaluating the effects and impact of urban exposure to various ecosystem structures. The terms exotic, alien, foreign, and i ...
... ornithology, natural history sciences, as well as ecological and environmental management. As the largest urban greenspace in Canada, rare’s unique circumstances are ideal for evaluating the effects and impact of urban exposure to various ecosystem structures. The terms exotic, alien, foreign, and i ...
Word document
... Geodia barretti, G. macandrewi, and Isops phlegraei. They can occur at very high densities, particularly on the slope in areas where substrate and hydrographic conditions are favourable. Survey material from a sponge field in the northern North Sea and other locations had a comparable diversity and ...
... Geodia barretti, G. macandrewi, and Isops phlegraei. They can occur at very high densities, particularly on the slope in areas where substrate and hydrographic conditions are favourable. Survey material from a sponge field in the northern North Sea and other locations had a comparable diversity and ...
Effects of Garden Attributes on Ant (Formicidae) Species Richness
... in tractor-tilled plots. Plots bordered by grass lawns and closer to wooded areas had significantly more ant species than plots surrounded by other garden plots. Predation experiments indicated that ants consume Cabbage Looper moth eggs and larvae, although predation on Squash Bugs was less common. ...
... in tractor-tilled plots. Plots bordered by grass lawns and closer to wooded areas had significantly more ant species than plots surrounded by other garden plots. Predation experiments indicated that ants consume Cabbage Looper moth eggs and larvae, although predation on Squash Bugs was less common. ...
3. Existing Authorities and Programs
... Long Island Sound’s environmental conditions can vary widely throughout the course of a year; for example, water temperatures range from 1oC in winter to 22 oC during late summer. Climate change shifts of just a degree or two can have a profound influence on the species living in the Sound, some of ...
... Long Island Sound’s environmental conditions can vary widely throughout the course of a year; for example, water temperatures range from 1oC in winter to 22 oC during late summer. Climate change shifts of just a degree or two can have a profound influence on the species living in the Sound, some of ...
Coevolutionary Dynamics and the Conservation of Mutualisms
... and plants provide nectar to many animals in return for pollen transport. Although a great deal is known about the natural history of diverse mutualisms, relatively little effort has yet been invested in the study of ecological and evolutionary similarities among them (Bronstein 1994). This is parti ...
... and plants provide nectar to many animals in return for pollen transport. Although a great deal is known about the natural history of diverse mutualisms, relatively little effort has yet been invested in the study of ecological and evolutionary similarities among them (Bronstein 1994). This is parti ...
An anatomy of interactions among species in a seasonal world
... one unstable. The latter requires threshold population densities for the species to avoid extinction at low populations and infinite growth at high populations (Wright 1989). Facilitation or engineering species Facilitation would mean that one species (F) facilitates the presence of another (G) that ...
... one unstable. The latter requires threshold population densities for the species to avoid extinction at low populations and infinite growth at high populations (Wright 1989). Facilitation or engineering species Facilitation would mean that one species (F) facilitates the presence of another (G) that ...
two ecosystem engineers interact to degrade deciduous forests of
... and urbanizing ecosystems in part because the two engineering species are more likely to co-occur in large numbers. Deer as ecosystem engineers White-tailed deer have been described as keystone and engineer species (Cote et al. 2004) due to the very large impact they have on the forests they inhabit ...
... and urbanizing ecosystems in part because the two engineering species are more likely to co-occur in large numbers. Deer as ecosystem engineers White-tailed deer have been described as keystone and engineer species (Cote et al. 2004) due to the very large impact they have on the forests they inhabit ...
This article discusses the various hypotheses proposed to explain
... greatest when the disturbance is intermediate. Most of the studies discussed thus far have been closely if not directly related to Connell’s classic paper and have served as supplements to his original conclusion, but there have also been studies which follow from Connell’s paper yet deviate from hi ...
... greatest when the disturbance is intermediate. Most of the studies discussed thus far have been closely if not directly related to Connell’s classic paper and have served as supplements to his original conclusion, but there have also been studies which follow from Connell’s paper yet deviate from hi ...
Genome Phylogeny Based on Short
... of colors (a tree color coding, TCC, plot). Due to the translation algorithm (described in Methods), this color representation shows whether all leaves (representing the chromosomes) of the same species can be brought into a consecutive order without altering the topology of the tree. All other bran ...
... of colors (a tree color coding, TCC, plot). Due to the translation algorithm (described in Methods), this color representation shows whether all leaves (representing the chromosomes) of the same species can be brought into a consecutive order without altering the topology of the tree. All other bran ...
Darwin`s Finches
... (starvation). G. fortis declines from ~235 to ~ 80. G. magnirostris decline from ~150 to 13. Strong competition for few Tribulus seeds. Strong selection in favor of smaller billed G. fortis. “(These results) support models of ecological community assembly that incorporate evolutionary effects of int ...
... (starvation). G. fortis declines from ~235 to ~ 80. G. magnirostris decline from ~150 to 13. Strong competition for few Tribulus seeds. Strong selection in favor of smaller billed G. fortis. “(These results) support models of ecological community assembly that incorporate evolutionary effects of int ...
Methods - Zoology, UBC
... including those on offshore islands, will differ significantly in their morphological traits. ...
... including those on offshore islands, will differ significantly in their morphological traits. ...
View or download Discussion and literature cited
... individuals recruiting into taller size classes. Plantago hawaiensis, although only established in one planted population, is regenerating by seedling recruitment. Stabilization is just the first step toward recovery. In spite of landscape-level removal of alien ungulate disturbance, reduction of co ...
... individuals recruiting into taller size classes. Plantago hawaiensis, although only established in one planted population, is regenerating by seedling recruitment. Stabilization is just the first step toward recovery. In spite of landscape-level removal of alien ungulate disturbance, reduction of co ...
Dispersal traits determine plant response to habitat
... Johst et al. 2002). Plants will be most vulnerable to fragmentation if their capacities for local persistence and dispersal among patches are low. Translated to a functional perspective, this means that traits enabling a species to survive within and to move between habitat patches confer the abilit ...
... Johst et al. 2002). Plants will be most vulnerable to fragmentation if their capacities for local persistence and dispersal among patches are low. Translated to a functional perspective, this means that traits enabling a species to survive within and to move between habitat patches confer the abilit ...
Nevada Wildlife Action Plan - Nevada Department of Wildlife
... and ultimate extinction. When these relict mammal populations blink out, often associated with anthropogenic effects, it is difficult if not impossible for other populations to re-colonize, increasing fragmentation even further and increasing vulnerability until eventual extinction occurs. Indeed, m ...
... and ultimate extinction. When these relict mammal populations blink out, often associated with anthropogenic effects, it is difficult if not impossible for other populations to re-colonize, increasing fragmentation even further and increasing vulnerability until eventual extinction occurs. Indeed, m ...
BIOGEOGRAPHY 8
... of overlap in ranges, so there are not well-defined boundaries between communities. In such an assemblage, apparent community structure arises because species share similar preferences along the gradient, as envisioned by Gleason (1926). Some might argue that Model 1 also describes a Gleasonian comm ...
... of overlap in ranges, so there are not well-defined boundaries between communities. In such an assemblage, apparent community structure arises because species share similar preferences along the gradient, as envisioned by Gleason (1926). Some might argue that Model 1 also describes a Gleasonian comm ...
Community Maturity, Species Saturation and the Variant Diversity
... Model selection uncertainty was substantial, however, and model averaging suggested that productivity may have increased with eight sown species and then levelled off or decreased with 16 sown species (Fig. 1). The constant model also received considerable weight for NP in 2003, but was second to th ...
... Model selection uncertainty was substantial, however, and model averaging suggested that productivity may have increased with eight sown species and then levelled off or decreased with 16 sown species (Fig. 1). The constant model also received considerable weight for NP in 2003, but was second to th ...
Evenness drives consistent diversity effects in intensive grassland
... of such patterns centre around hypotheses that more diverse communities better utilize available resources due to their greater occupation of niche space, and that they have a greater probability of containing positive inter-specific interactions (Trenbath 1974; Harper 1977; Vandermeer 1989; Hector ...
... of such patterns centre around hypotheses that more diverse communities better utilize available resources due to their greater occupation of niche space, and that they have a greater probability of containing positive inter-specific interactions (Trenbath 1974; Harper 1977; Vandermeer 1989; Hector ...
The importance of large carnivores to healthy ecosystems
... exert a controlling effect on plants). Outside the Arctic/Antarctic, most macroecological evidence for impact of carnivores on ecosystems must be viewed with caution because humans have already altered such a large percentage of temperate and tropical systems. This complicates our ability to tease o ...
... exert a controlling effect on plants). Outside the Arctic/Antarctic, most macroecological evidence for impact of carnivores on ecosystems must be viewed with caution because humans have already altered such a large percentage of temperate and tropical systems. This complicates our ability to tease o ...
Gilliam FS and MR Roberts. 2003. The dynamic nature of the
... which herb layer species are exposed varies at many levels of scale over space and through time. Accordingly, we refer to this environment as a dynamic mosaic, for light penetrates the forest canopy to reach the forest floor in a mosaic of discrete patches of varying size (i.e., sunflecks), the size a ...
... which herb layer species are exposed varies at many levels of scale over space and through time. Accordingly, we refer to this environment as a dynamic mosaic, for light penetrates the forest canopy to reach the forest floor in a mosaic of discrete patches of varying size (i.e., sunflecks), the size a ...
Determination of Primary Placeholder Habitat Associations in a Kelp
... should be noted that the branching reds may exhibit competitive superiority or have less specific recruitment cues, in that they strongly associate to both boulder and bedrock substrate. The strongly positive association of cup coral to bedrock and high relief reflects its preference for rocky areas ...
... should be noted that the branching reds may exhibit competitive superiority or have less specific recruitment cues, in that they strongly associate to both boulder and bedrock substrate. The strongly positive association of cup coral to bedrock and high relief reflects its preference for rocky areas ...
additional information - biodiversity
... creatures that we cannot see without a powerful microscope. Grab a handful of soil and you may be holding thousands of species covering more than a billion samples. It is estimated that we only know 10-20% of all species on our planet with many millions of species yet to be discovered. We have found ...
... creatures that we cannot see without a powerful microscope. Grab a handful of soil and you may be holding thousands of species covering more than a billion samples. It is estimated that we only know 10-20% of all species on our planet with many millions of species yet to be discovered. We have found ...
Final Position Statement Feral Horses and Burros in North America
... understanding the damages they inflict on native systems. These misperceptions create special challenges for wildlife managers. As a result, some groups advocate conservation and management of exotic species that promote their continued presence in landscapes where they are not native. Because these ...
... understanding the damages they inflict on native systems. These misperceptions create special challenges for wildlife managers. As a result, some groups advocate conservation and management of exotic species that promote their continued presence in landscapes where they are not native. Because these ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.