Functional community structure of shallow hard bottom
... ABSTRACT. Important, often abrupt, and irreversible shifts associated with the degradation of ecosystem functioning and services are increasingly commonplace. Thus, a trait-based view of communities may be more insightful than that based solely on species composition, especially when inferring ecolo ...
... ABSTRACT. Important, often abrupt, and irreversible shifts associated with the degradation of ecosystem functioning and services are increasingly commonplace. Thus, a trait-based view of communities may be more insightful than that based solely on species composition, especially when inferring ecolo ...
Assessing ecological specialization of an ant–seed dispersal
... generalization on animal interactors should be quantified unequivocally from data obtained on individuals plants (for example, from visitor censuses or surveys of plant specimens; Herrera [2005]). A measurement of generalization may be obtained for a particular ecological situation from the total arr ...
... generalization on animal interactors should be quantified unequivocally from data obtained on individuals plants (for example, from visitor censuses or surveys of plant specimens; Herrera [2005]). A measurement of generalization may be obtained for a particular ecological situation from the total arr ...
Invasion in a heterogeneous world: resistance, coexistence or
... and endogenous heterogeneity (e.g. Bolker 2003; Chase & Leibold 2003). Heterogeneity in the occurrence and abundance of organisms in communities arises through both exogenous forces on the community and endogenous processes within the community that are due, for example, to competitive or trophic in ...
... and endogenous heterogeneity (e.g. Bolker 2003; Chase & Leibold 2003). Heterogeneity in the occurrence and abundance of organisms in communities arises through both exogenous forces on the community and endogenous processes within the community that are due, for example, to competitive or trophic in ...
Biogeography and ecology: towards the integration of two disciplines
... [24]. Hutchinson’s [36] multi-dimensional niche axes (e.g. prey size, soil pH, temperature, etc.) further emphasize that ‘niche’ might be more useful as a concept than a measurable entity, especially when it is measured in a single, local context but varies among locations within a species’ range. T ...
... [24]. Hutchinson’s [36] multi-dimensional niche axes (e.g. prey size, soil pH, temperature, etc.) further emphasize that ‘niche’ might be more useful as a concept than a measurable entity, especially when it is measured in a single, local context but varies among locations within a species’ range. T ...
SUCCESSION, PHENOMENON OF
... be a part of natural land management today, are Community-level management: The idea that one could use the state of ecological communities to evaluate their past and present conditions and to predict their future is a significant contribution of Clements and associates. Although it has been establis ...
... be a part of natural land management today, are Community-level management: The idea that one could use the state of ecological communities to evaluate their past and present conditions and to predict their future is a significant contribution of Clements and associates. Although it has been establis ...
Proposed Listing, Special 4(d) Rule, and Critical Habitat Bi
... Group Action Plan will be recognized as helping to conserve sage grouse, and will not require additional regulatory review to ensure they would not jeopardize the species. The proposed 4(d) special rule provides that any take of the Bi-State DPS of greater sage-grouse incidental to agricultural act ...
... Group Action Plan will be recognized as helping to conserve sage grouse, and will not require additional regulatory review to ensure they would not jeopardize the species. The proposed 4(d) special rule provides that any take of the Bi-State DPS of greater sage-grouse incidental to agricultural act ...
Do ectotherms partition thermal resources? We still do not know
... through specialization on different resources (Brown and Wilson 1956). Character displacement can be considered the phenotypic and genetic response to selective pressures that favor resource partitioning. A classic example of character displacement and resource partitioning is the evolution of diffe ...
... through specialization on different resources (Brown and Wilson 1956). Character displacement can be considered the phenotypic and genetic response to selective pressures that favor resource partitioning. A classic example of character displacement and resource partitioning is the evolution of diffe ...
Scaling up keystone effects from simple to complex
... or < )0.75 Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient), and therefore statistically dependent on, the selected 13 predictors. To explore the relative contribution of ÔlocalÕ vs. more ÔdistantÕ effects of network structure on keystone effect strength, we also calculated, for each of the S-species ...
... or < )0.75 Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient), and therefore statistically dependent on, the selected 13 predictors. To explore the relative contribution of ÔlocalÕ vs. more ÔdistantÕ effects of network structure on keystone effect strength, we also calculated, for each of the S-species ...
Effects of trophic similarity on community composition
... ric structure in mutualistic and trophic networks (Bascompte et al. 2006; Thebault & Fontaine 2008; Joppa et al. 2009). We use ‘predators’ and ‘prey’ throughout because these familiar terms reasonably describe the feeding relationships we analyse in the pelagic area of lakes where consumers typical ...
... ric structure in mutualistic and trophic networks (Bascompte et al. 2006; Thebault & Fontaine 2008; Joppa et al. 2009). We use ‘predators’ and ‘prey’ throughout because these familiar terms reasonably describe the feeding relationships we analyse in the pelagic area of lakes where consumers typical ...
Nonrandom extinction patterns can modulate pest control service
... ranged from 1 to 5). In order to assign predators their prey, we ordered prey arbitrarily along a circular trait axis, which could represent variation in one or a combination of traits not explicitly described by the model (Appendix: Fig. A2). Specialists (g ¼ 1) were randomly assigned a single prey ...
... ranged from 1 to 5). In order to assign predators their prey, we ordered prey arbitrarily along a circular trait axis, which could represent variation in one or a combination of traits not explicitly described by the model (Appendix: Fig. A2). Specialists (g ¼ 1) were randomly assigned a single prey ...
View/Open - Oregon State University
... family. These globally distributed viruses are obligately transmitted from plant to plant via aphid ...
... family. These globally distributed viruses are obligately transmitted from plant to plant via aphid ...
Do Habitat Conservation Plans Deserve Wider Implementation?
... governance, seeking to manage the development and conservation of ecosystems across various jurisdictions. Many were formed collaboratively with active participation from a range of interests, at times avoiding the prolonged conflicts over resource use for which the act had often been criticized. A ...
... governance, seeking to manage the development and conservation of ecosystems across various jurisdictions. Many were formed collaboratively with active participation from a range of interests, at times avoiding the prolonged conflicts over resource use for which the act had often been criticized. A ...
Marine Ecology 2008, Lecture 5 july 10 final pred-parasite
... Functional response – relationship between prey density and the rate at which an individual predator consumes prey Numerical response- increase in predator numbers with increases in prey abundance ...
... Functional response – relationship between prey density and the rate at which an individual predator consumes prey Numerical response- increase in predator numbers with increases in prey abundance ...
Oceans Work Package 2 - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... switch prey species when certain populations are low, thereby allowing prey species to persist. Apex predators not only affect population dynamics by consuming prey, but they also can control the spatial distribution of potential prey through intimidation. Fear of shark predation causes some species ...
... switch prey species when certain populations are low, thereby allowing prey species to persist. Apex predators not only affect population dynamics by consuming prey, but they also can control the spatial distribution of potential prey through intimidation. Fear of shark predation causes some species ...
Trade-offs and Biological Diversity: Integrative Answers to
... future (e.g., predicted adaptive responses; Gluckman et al. 2005). Phenotypic plasticity frequently mirrors heritable variation among populations and species (e.g., Ruell et al. 2013), and can have similar consequences for the abundances and distributions of species because it can determine the rela ...
... future (e.g., predicted adaptive responses; Gluckman et al. 2005). Phenotypic plasticity frequently mirrors heritable variation among populations and species (e.g., Ruell et al. 2013), and can have similar consequences for the abundances and distributions of species because it can determine the rela ...
The ghosts of competition past - Oceanographic Environmental
... progressively fewer pinniped species. Results suggest that sharks may exclude pinnipeds from much of the warmer oceanic waters through direct predation. However, an alternate hypothesis that differing thermal adaptations of the two clades may explain the observed distributional pattern is not refute ...
... progressively fewer pinniped species. Results suggest that sharks may exclude pinnipeds from much of the warmer oceanic waters through direct predation. However, an alternate hypothesis that differing thermal adaptations of the two clades may explain the observed distributional pattern is not refute ...
High vulnerability of ecosystem function and services to diversity
... It is particularly important to examine the shape of diversityfunction and diversity-service relationships in coral reefs because they are the most diverse and among the most threatened marine ecosystems (Bellwood et al., 2004; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007; Halpern et al., 2008). Coral reef ecosystem ...
... It is particularly important to examine the shape of diversityfunction and diversity-service relationships in coral reefs because they are the most diverse and among the most threatened marine ecosystems (Bellwood et al., 2004; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007; Halpern et al., 2008). Coral reef ecosystem ...
Apparent competition and insect community structure: towards a
... as a reduction in the population density of one species when the population density of a second species increases, with the interaction mediated by a numerical increase of a third species at a higher trophic level (Holt 1977). Short-term and long-term apparent competition can be distinguished by whe ...
... as a reduction in the population density of one species when the population density of a second species increases, with the interaction mediated by a numerical increase of a third species at a higher trophic level (Holt 1977). Short-term and long-term apparent competition can be distinguished by whe ...
- Wiley Online Library
... of a dispersal kernel influences the rate of spread, we know much less about the relationships between emigration, movement and settlement rules, and invasion rates. Here, we use a simple, single species individual-based model that explicitly simulates animal dispersal to establish how density-depen ...
... of a dispersal kernel influences the rate of spread, we know much less about the relationships between emigration, movement and settlement rules, and invasion rates. Here, we use a simple, single species individual-based model that explicitly simulates animal dispersal to establish how density-depen ...
population density
... a deer’s habitat if the density of the deer population decreases over a given time. What is that resources may be depleted or community may have changed due to arrival of a new predator Continue ...
... a deer’s habitat if the density of the deer population decreases over a given time. What is that resources may be depleted or community may have changed due to arrival of a new predator Continue ...
Linking internal and external bacterial community control gives
... 2004; Weinbauer, 2004; Suttle, 2007; Winter et al., 2010), presumably in interaction with bottom-up mechanisms related to substrate diversity and generalist versus specialist strategies (e.g., Mou et al., 2008) in the hosts’ use of complex substrates available in most natural environments. Viral lys ...
... 2004; Weinbauer, 2004; Suttle, 2007; Winter et al., 2010), presumably in interaction with bottom-up mechanisms related to substrate diversity and generalist versus specialist strategies (e.g., Mou et al., 2008) in the hosts’ use of complex substrates available in most natural environments. Viral lys ...
Are hybrid species more fit than ancestral parent species in the
... et al., 1996). Both hybrid species appear to have originated within the last 200,000 years and potentially have multiple origins (Schwarzbach & Rieseberg, 2002; Gross et al., 2003, 2007), although much earlier dates of origin are currently being evaluated (L. H. Rieseberg, unpublished data). The par ...
... et al., 1996). Both hybrid species appear to have originated within the last 200,000 years and potentially have multiple origins (Schwarzbach & Rieseberg, 2002; Gross et al., 2003, 2007), although much earlier dates of origin are currently being evaluated (L. H. Rieseberg, unpublished data). The par ...
Giving-up densities of foraging gerbils: the effect of interspecific
... the marginal value theorem does not consider the costs of foraging in a patch other than the cost of not foraging in another higher-density patch, Brown’s theory considers three foraging costs – metabolic, predation and missed opportunity (see below). All three costs were found to be important for g ...
... the marginal value theorem does not consider the costs of foraging in a patch other than the cost of not foraging in another higher-density patch, Brown’s theory considers three foraging costs – metabolic, predation and missed opportunity (see below). All three costs were found to be important for g ...
Hybridization, speciation
... Such hybridization is cryptic and only by very specialized techniques can we measure its exact importance…. gene flow from one species to another may go far beyond any point which could be detected by ordinary morphological techniques. ...
... Such hybridization is cryptic and only by very specialized techniques can we measure its exact importance…. gene flow from one species to another may go far beyond any point which could be detected by ordinary morphological techniques. ...