Islands as model systems in ecology and evolution
... This article focuses on terrestrial islands surrounded by water that have arisen devoid of life (de novo; Box 2). However, many other insular systems are also relevant to some of the points raised and may provide substantial opportunities for research. From a biological perspective, a key characteri ...
... This article focuses on terrestrial islands surrounded by water that have arisen devoid of life (de novo; Box 2). However, many other insular systems are also relevant to some of the points raised and may provide substantial opportunities for research. From a biological perspective, a key characteri ...
The number of competitor species is unlinked to sexual dimorphism
... under direct selection for the size of common prey (Dayan et al. 1989, 1992). Furthermore, the upper carnassials erupt before adulthood, when the skull has not yet reached its adult size. By using carnassial measurements, we can therefore include subadult specimens with adult-sized teeth. While carn ...
... under direct selection for the size of common prey (Dayan et al. 1989, 1992). Furthermore, the upper carnassials erupt before adulthood, when the skull has not yet reached its adult size. By using carnassial measurements, we can therefore include subadult specimens with adult-sized teeth. While carn ...
In this Issue The Wildlife Corridor Navy is Enlisted in
... Although not explicitly stated, the reasoning seemed to be that corridors increase immigration rates and decrease extinctionrates (due to greater available area), thereby increasing the equilibrium number of species in a given reserve (Newmark in press). A slight modification of island biogeographic ...
... Although not explicitly stated, the reasoning seemed to be that corridors increase immigration rates and decrease extinctionrates (due to greater available area), thereby increasing the equilibrium number of species in a given reserve (Newmark in press). A slight modification of island biogeographic ...
Year-to-year variation in plant competition in a mountain grassland
... and varying environments and comparing species composition and richness over these treatments. Such experiments have been performed in the context of global warming where whole (micro)ecosystems or communities are subjected to climate manipulation (e.g. Hillier et al. 1994; Chapin & Shaver 1996; Jon ...
... and varying environments and comparing species composition and richness over these treatments. Such experiments have been performed in the context of global warming where whole (micro)ecosystems or communities are subjected to climate manipulation (e.g. Hillier et al. 1994; Chapin & Shaver 1996; Jon ...
Levin, S.A. (editor). Encyclopedia
... North America (Peterjohn and Sauer, 1999; Figure 2) and parts of Europe (Chamberlain and Fuller, 2001; Figure 2). These declines can be explained by the loss of grassland habitats because of changing agricultural practices, expansion of suburban development, conversion of grassland habitats to fores ...
... North America (Peterjohn and Sauer, 1999; Figure 2) and parts of Europe (Chamberlain and Fuller, 2001; Figure 2). These declines can be explained by the loss of grassland habitats because of changing agricultural practices, expansion of suburban development, conversion of grassland habitats to fores ...
Diversity, productivity and temporal stability in the economies ARTICLE IN PRESS
... among the various entities. Entities that find successful formulas for dealing with their environment, be they organisms in an ecosystem or firms in the marketplace, thrive, grow and replace those that do not. Selection pressures operate in both nature and the market, with surviving entities thus bein ...
... among the various entities. Entities that find successful formulas for dealing with their environment, be they organisms in an ecosystem or firms in the marketplace, thrive, grow and replace those that do not. Selection pressures operate in both nature and the market, with surviving entities thus bein ...
Predicting Distribution, Habitat Suitability and the Potential Loss of
... computer technology and the development of geographic information systems (GIS) have allowed for increasingly powerful tools for mapping, spatial and statistical analyses, and species and habitat modeling. These multivariate, spatially-explicit models combine species occurrence data with biotic and ...
... computer technology and the development of geographic information systems (GIS) have allowed for increasingly powerful tools for mapping, spatial and statistical analyses, and species and habitat modeling. These multivariate, spatially-explicit models combine species occurrence data with biotic and ...
Effects of habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and isolation on the
... abundant native and exotic species of coccinellids, abundance data were analysed using spatial regression models, based on a second-order neighbourhood criterion (i.e. all eight 2 × 2 m cells around the target cell are considered in the model). This procedure takes into account the possibility that ...
... abundant native and exotic species of coccinellids, abundance data were analysed using spatial regression models, based on a second-order neighbourhood criterion (i.e. all eight 2 × 2 m cells around the target cell are considered in the model). This procedure takes into account the possibility that ...
fox
... Given adequate food sources and suitable environmental conditions, foxes are prolific and relatively resilient to harvesting pressure, and are able to sustain harvest rates of 50 to 75 percent of the fall population. However, since managers will almost never have detailed population inventory inform ...
... Given adequate food sources and suitable environmental conditions, foxes are prolific and relatively resilient to harvesting pressure, and are able to sustain harvest rates of 50 to 75 percent of the fall population. However, since managers will almost never have detailed population inventory inform ...
The biology and ecology of narrow endemic and
... Edwards and Westoby 1996). First, in comparison with widespread species, narrow endemic plant species have often been found to occur at medium to higher altitudes (McDonald and Cowling 1995, Kessler 2000), and on relatively unfertile substrates (Cowling and Holmes 1992, Cowling et al. 1994, Ojeda et ...
... Edwards and Westoby 1996). First, in comparison with widespread species, narrow endemic plant species have often been found to occur at medium to higher altitudes (McDonald and Cowling 1995, Kessler 2000), and on relatively unfertile substrates (Cowling and Holmes 1992, Cowling et al. 1994, Ojeda et ...
Resource Use Patterns Predict Long-Term Outcomes of
... Experiment description. Here, we report the results of an experiment that differs in three ways from that of Tilman and Wedin (1991). First, we used six native late-successional grasses that coexist across much of the North American prairie but that tend to reach peak dominance in different regions. ...
... Experiment description. Here, we report the results of an experiment that differs in three ways from that of Tilman and Wedin (1991). First, we used six native late-successional grasses that coexist across much of the North American prairie but that tend to reach peak dominance in different regions. ...
Seaside Bird`s-foot Lotus (Lotus formosissimus)
... Since the preparation of the original status report (Ryan and Douglas 1996), one population of Lotus formosissimus that was believed extirpated has been relocated. Increased survey effort at the known locations has resulted in population estimates at least three times higher than in 1996. The Specie ...
... Since the preparation of the original status report (Ryan and Douglas 1996), one population of Lotus formosissimus that was believed extirpated has been relocated. Increased survey effort at the known locations has resulted in population estimates at least three times higher than in 1996. The Specie ...
Has the ghost of competition passed?
... (Abramsky et al., 1991, 1992, 1994). Replication of the experiment across a range of densities allows one to draw the entire isocline. The dramatic non-linear isoclines produced by the experiment confirm habitat selection’s role in creating the ghost of competition (Abramsky et al., 1991, 1992, 1994 ...
... (Abramsky et al., 1991, 1992, 1994). Replication of the experiment across a range of densities allows one to draw the entire isocline. The dramatic non-linear isoclines produced by the experiment confirm habitat selection’s role in creating the ghost of competition (Abramsky et al., 1991, 1992, 1994 ...
The ecology of recovery
... may appear declining for a long time but nevertheless recover in a very unpredictable manner. Since no species live in isolation, growth rate of a population also depends on densities of other species that it interacts with. Thus, even at low densities, the intrinsic growth rate of a population is n ...
... may appear declining for a long time but nevertheless recover in a very unpredictable manner. Since no species live in isolation, growth rate of a population also depends on densities of other species that it interacts with. Thus, even at low densities, the intrinsic growth rate of a population is n ...
conceptual synthesis in community ecology
... obvious and too generalized to make any specific predictions, but may nonetheless serve the same critical function as foundational theory in population genetics. Before proceeding, it is important to emphasize that I am not arguing that the parallels between processes or models in population genetic ...
... obvious and too generalized to make any specific predictions, but may nonetheless serve the same critical function as foundational theory in population genetics. Before proceeding, it is important to emphasize that I am not arguing that the parallels between processes or models in population genetic ...
The Global Decline of Reptiles, Deja Vu Amphibians
... declines and deformities (Alford and Richards 1999, Johnson et al. 1999, Sessions et al. 1999), which have been the subject of numerous, well-documented scientific studies. Because amphibians are distributed worldwide, but herpetologists who document amphibian declines are not, it is difficult to ac ...
... declines and deformities (Alford and Richards 1999, Johnson et al. 1999, Sessions et al. 1999), which have been the subject of numerous, well-documented scientific studies. Because amphibians are distributed worldwide, but herpetologists who document amphibian declines are not, it is difficult to ac ...
Duffy 2008 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
... More generally, there is considerable evidence that rare species can make important F i g u re 1. The importance of biodiversity and complementary resource use to contributions to ecosystem processes under plant productivity increases with time. (a) In a grassland experiment, both the changing condi ...
... More generally, there is considerable evidence that rare species can make important F i g u re 1. The importance of biodiversity and complementary resource use to contributions to ecosystem processes under plant productivity increases with time. (a) In a grassland experiment, both the changing condi ...
Biology 300 GENERAL ECOLOGY Spring 1997
... population or species of your choice. Relevant evidence (experimental, descriptive, comparative, or otherwise) supporting your points must be included. The second option requires that you describe a specific interaction or set of interactions between species in an ecological community. The effect(s) ...
... population or species of your choice. Relevant evidence (experimental, descriptive, comparative, or otherwise) supporting your points must be included. The second option requires that you describe a specific interaction or set of interactions between species in an ecological community. The effect(s) ...
The Identification and Conservation of Important Plant Areas:
... water supply, storm protection and pollination (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). Because conservation resources are limited, prioritisation of the most important areas is required. There are many initiatives that aim to provide analysis of global conservation priorities such as ‘biodiversity h ...
... water supply, storm protection and pollination (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). Because conservation resources are limited, prioritisation of the most important areas is required. There are many initiatives that aim to provide analysis of global conservation priorities such as ‘biodiversity h ...
Diversity and Distributions
... species with non-overlapping niches in time or space are more likely to co-exist (Chase & Leibold, 2003), and if species niches have been conserved during evolutionary history, then successful invaders should exhibit a particular phylogenetic position relative to native communities. A number of rece ...
... species with non-overlapping niches in time or space are more likely to co-exist (Chase & Leibold, 2003), and if species niches have been conserved during evolutionary history, then successful invaders should exhibit a particular phylogenetic position relative to native communities. A number of rece ...
3 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... assumption that a fitted saturating function can be extrapolated to estimate maximum biomass production as species richness goes to infinity. Cardinale et al. (2011) caution against taking their estimates too literally, and at this point we simply don’t know what fraction of species may be lost from ...
... assumption that a fitted saturating function can be extrapolated to estimate maximum biomass production as species richness goes to infinity. Cardinale et al. (2011) caution against taking their estimates too literally, and at this point we simply don’t know what fraction of species may be lost from ...
Species Richness and the Temporal Stability of Biomass Production
... as an experiment or set of experiments reported in the same article or sequence of related articles. For example, the European BioDEPTH project represents several independent manipulations of plant species richness performed in different countries, yet these independent experiments were often report ...
... as an experiment or set of experiments reported in the same article or sequence of related articles. For example, the European BioDEPTH project represents several independent manipulations of plant species richness performed in different countries, yet these independent experiments were often report ...
Extreme life history plasticity and the evolution
... economic impacts of invasive ants are well documented (Holway et al. 2002; Passera 1994). Ants are among the world’s most damaging invaders (Lowe et al. 2000) and excellent candidates for studying biotic homogenization because of their propensity to disrupt ecological communities (Holway et al. 2002 ...
... economic impacts of invasive ants are well documented (Holway et al. 2002; Passera 1994). Ants are among the world’s most damaging invaders (Lowe et al. 2000) and excellent candidates for studying biotic homogenization because of their propensity to disrupt ecological communities (Holway et al. 2002 ...
Within-population spatial synchrony in mast seeding of North American oaks
... was only significant for Q. lobata over distances 0 –250 m. A similar significant pattern of spatial autocorrelation was observed in Q. alba in Missouri (Fig. 4d). ...
... was only significant for Q. lobata over distances 0 –250 m. A similar significant pattern of spatial autocorrelation was observed in Q. alba in Missouri (Fig. 4d). ...