Staddon et al 2010
... continuous habitat. These treatments are similar to a design previously used (Gilbert et al. 1998; Gonzalez et al. 1998) in the field. Microcosms were constructed of 30-mm thick, 240-mm square PVC base with four 70-mm-diameter subchambers in each corner (see Fig. S1). Each subchamber was 60-mm heigh ...
... continuous habitat. These treatments are similar to a design previously used (Gilbert et al. 1998; Gonzalez et al. 1998) in the field. Microcosms were constructed of 30-mm thick, 240-mm square PVC base with four 70-mm-diameter subchambers in each corner (see Fig. S1). Each subchamber was 60-mm heigh ...
Flexible filter feeders van Walraven, Lodewijk
... Porifera. The alternative hypothesis that Ctenophora are the oldest known multicellular animals to diverge (Ryan et al., 2013), which would imply several independent gains and losses of key metazoan characteristics, is currently not supported (Pisani et al., 2015). 242 species of ctenophores have be ...
... Porifera. The alternative hypothesis that Ctenophora are the oldest known multicellular animals to diverge (Ryan et al., 2013), which would imply several independent gains and losses of key metazoan characteristics, is currently not supported (Pisani et al., 2015). 242 species of ctenophores have be ...
Slide 1
... summers; elevation from sea level to 400 m Submontane: several °C cooler, but similar amount and seasonality of precipitation; 400 – 1200 m elevation In both zones, fires occur; most ignited by lava or by humans Do fires consistently favor invasives across this elevational ...
... summers; elevation from sea level to 400 m Submontane: several °C cooler, but similar amount and seasonality of precipitation; 400 – 1200 m elevation In both zones, fires occur; most ignited by lava or by humans Do fires consistently favor invasives across this elevational ...
MECHANISMS OF MAINTENANCE OF SPECIES DIVERSITY Peter
... equally rich and each species is equally productive, would lead to identical average fitnesses, and therefore Equation 3 would have only the stabilizing term. However, asymmetries, in which one resource is much richer (127), one species produces more per unit resource, or has a lower mortality rate ...
... equally rich and each species is equally productive, would lead to identical average fitnesses, and therefore Equation 3 would have only the stabilizing term. However, asymmetries, in which one resource is much richer (127), one species produces more per unit resource, or has a lower mortality rate ...
Does diversity beget diversity? A case study of crops
... species, but the interactions among the canopies and/or rhizospheres of different crop species might. However, there are only two weed species unique to polycultures, and these species are infrequent. Thus the microheterogeneity argument is an unsatisfactory explanation for the observed patterns. Di ...
... species, but the interactions among the canopies and/or rhizospheres of different crop species might. However, there are only two weed species unique to polycultures, and these species are infrequent. Thus the microheterogeneity argument is an unsatisfactory explanation for the observed patterns. Di ...
Endemism in hostparasite interactions among island populations of
... within a specific locale or for a focal species of interest) is actually documenting whether distinct interactions among populations, especially isolated populations, exist. Parasites by virtue of their diversity and dependence on other species are embedded within every ecological network or food we ...
... within a specific locale or for a focal species of interest) is actually documenting whether distinct interactions among populations, especially isolated populations, exist. Parasites by virtue of their diversity and dependence on other species are embedded within every ecological network or food we ...
Collared and White
... because of hunting (Mayer and Wetzel 1987) Need a large enough size of suitable, protected habitat ...
... because of hunting (Mayer and Wetzel 1987) Need a large enough size of suitable, protected habitat ...
ANIMAL ELEMENT OCCURRENCE EXTERNAL FIELD FORM
... Associated Animal Taxa: Other animals seen in the habitat the observed feature was recorded. Management Comments Evidence of Threats and Disturbance (e.g. effects on population viability due to mining, recreation, grazing, exotic species; past/present/future recommendations): Predominant Land Uses: ...
... Associated Animal Taxa: Other animals seen in the habitat the observed feature was recorded. Management Comments Evidence of Threats and Disturbance (e.g. effects on population viability due to mining, recreation, grazing, exotic species; past/present/future recommendations): Predominant Land Uses: ...
EPBC Act Protected Matters Report
... locations of World Heritage and Register of National Estate properties, Wetlands of International Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened, migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not complete at this ...
... locations of World Heritage and Register of National Estate properties, Wetlands of International Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened, migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not complete at this ...
A declining species has to be added to the official list of endangered
... Once consensus is reached on necessary recovery tasks, the unpredictable nature of ecological systems may produce unanticipated recovery task results, and new or modified approaches may be developed to achieve the intended result. Typically, species recovery is a gradual process, taking several gene ...
... Once consensus is reached on necessary recovery tasks, the unpredictable nature of ecological systems may produce unanticipated recovery task results, and new or modified approaches may be developed to achieve the intended result. Typically, species recovery is a gradual process, taking several gene ...
Species diversity patterns derived from species
... in species abundances (Bazzaz 1975, Huston 1979, Armesto and Pickett 1985, Crawley 1997). We may call this species-dominance relationship the second pattern of species diversity. Furthermore, ecologists have found that species richness in an area greatly depends on the distributional patterns of spe ...
... in species abundances (Bazzaz 1975, Huston 1979, Armesto and Pickett 1985, Crawley 1997). We may call this species-dominance relationship the second pattern of species diversity. Furthermore, ecologists have found that species richness in an area greatly depends on the distributional patterns of spe ...
How humans drive speciation as well as extinction
... Understanding and preventing biodiversity loss is of paramount importance to humanity [1–3]. Over the last decade, it has been emphasized that conservation science and practice should consider net, rather than absolute, outcomes of interventions [4–6]. For instance, McDonald-Madden et al. [5] state ...
... Understanding and preventing biodiversity loss is of paramount importance to humanity [1–3]. Over the last decade, it has been emphasized that conservation science and practice should consider net, rather than absolute, outcomes of interventions [4–6]. For instance, McDonald-Madden et al. [5] state ...
Convergence in Morphological Patterns and Community
... cumulative frequency distributions for the ratios of the ith smallest segment to the jth smallest segment for all (i,j) such that i ! j. If morphological sizes are based on a logarithmic line, lengths of segments correspond to size ratios, and so the B-D statistics test whether pairs of size ratios ...
... cumulative frequency distributions for the ratios of the ith smallest segment to the jth smallest segment for all (i,j) such that i ! j. If morphological sizes are based on a logarithmic line, lengths of segments correspond to size ratios, and so the B-D statistics test whether pairs of size ratios ...
第八週
... – Establishment rate of single-species releases were significantly greater than the simultaneous release of two or more species (76% vs. 50%) ...
... – Establishment rate of single-species releases were significantly greater than the simultaneous release of two or more species (76% vs. 50%) ...
POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS Mark S. Boyce Journal Article
... stochasticity carries structure, such. autocorrelation and dishbutional properties, stemming from the manner in which errors are propagated through the system (101, 102, 108, 140). It reidly makes a big difference which variables in the system are fluctuating due to the environment, because this can ...
... stochasticity carries structure, such. autocorrelation and dishbutional properties, stemming from the manner in which errors are propagated through the system (101, 102, 108, 140). It reidly makes a big difference which variables in the system are fluctuating due to the environment, because this can ...
European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species
... Improving information can build regional capacity to identify and manage IAS threats. Stakeholders with relevant expertise should cooperate to generate precise updated information that is rapidly and openly accessible. Sharing of information is important because answers to a problem may be available ...
... Improving information can build regional capacity to identify and manage IAS threats. Stakeholders with relevant expertise should cooperate to generate precise updated information that is rapidly and openly accessible. Sharing of information is important because answers to a problem may be available ...
empirical evidence for an optimal body size in snakes
... optimal size modeled by Brown et al. (1993) might be specific to endothermic vertebrates. Alternatively, if similar patterns were found in groups as different as snakes and mammals then a common evolutionary theory would be warranted. METHODS Data Body mass is often used as an estimate of body size ...
... optimal size modeled by Brown et al. (1993) might be specific to endothermic vertebrates. Alternatively, if similar patterns were found in groups as different as snakes and mammals then a common evolutionary theory would be warranted. METHODS Data Body mass is often used as an estimate of body size ...
building a regional species pool: diversification of the
... 1998). When speciation is driven by such adaptive processes, the per lineage speciation rate should decrease with increasing species richness, and these new species should deterministically persist in at least the community type in which they arose. Moreover, new species enter the regional species p ...
... 1998). When speciation is driven by such adaptive processes, the per lineage speciation rate should decrease with increasing species richness, and these new species should deterministically persist in at least the community type in which they arose. Moreover, new species enter the regional species p ...
Factors structuring the fish community in the area of the Coaracy
... a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), considering α = 0.05. The data analyzed using these procedures were first tested for normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests) and homoscedasticity of variance (Levene). When these assumptions were not upheld, the square root of the values was used ...
... a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), considering α = 0.05. The data analyzed using these procedures were first tested for normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests) and homoscedasticity of variance (Levene). When these assumptions were not upheld, the square root of the values was used ...
disturbance moderates biodiversity–ecosystem
... Abstract. We present empirical evidence that the direct and indirect effects of species richness on ecological processes depend on a system’s disturbance regime. We manipulated the number of species of freshwater suspension feeders (net-spinning caddisflies) in laboratory stream mesocosms where comm ...
... Abstract. We present empirical evidence that the direct and indirect effects of species richness on ecological processes depend on a system’s disturbance regime. We manipulated the number of species of freshwater suspension feeders (net-spinning caddisflies) in laboratory stream mesocosms where comm ...
A Three-Way Trade-Off Maintains Functional Diversity under
... trade-offs among functional traits and then to use a model parameterized by these trade-offs to see whether they promote coexistence and/or constrain community trait structure to empirically plausible values. We use a compilation of phytoplankton functional traits to quantify variation across specie ...
... trade-offs among functional traits and then to use a model parameterized by these trade-offs to see whether they promote coexistence and/or constrain community trait structure to empirically plausible values. We use a compilation of phytoplankton functional traits to quantify variation across specie ...
pptx
... “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism.” “some subset of the co-o ...
... “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism.” “some subset of the co-o ...
Climate mediates the effects of disturbance on ant assemblage structure
... measure of species evenness, the Probability of Interspecific Encounter [PIE, 20, 21]. We calculated PIE from Simpson‟s diversity index (PIE = 1 – Simpson‟s diversity index) using the vegan package [22]. PIE gives the probability that two randomly sampled individuals from an assemblage represent two ...
... measure of species evenness, the Probability of Interspecific Encounter [PIE, 20, 21]. We calculated PIE from Simpson‟s diversity index (PIE = 1 – Simpson‟s diversity index) using the vegan package [22]. PIE gives the probability that two randomly sampled individuals from an assemblage represent two ...
Conditional outcomes in mutualistic interactions
... about 56% better in the presence of ants, whereas survival of adults was unaffected. This result is also probably related to the impact of predators. Adult membracids possess heavily sclerotized exoskeletons and are highly mobile, and are thus well-protected even in the absence of ant defenders. In ...
... about 56% better in the presence of ants, whereas survival of adults was unaffected. This result is also probably related to the impact of predators. Adult membracids possess heavily sclerotized exoskeletons and are highly mobile, and are thus well-protected even in the absence of ant defenders. In ...
Competition and intraguild predation among three sympatric
... trapping effort (i.e., total trap-nights). Both kinds of traps were set in areas frequented by carnivores and baited with non-species-specific lures (Turkowski et al. 1979). All sites were baited in the same way and were not purposely biased towards any one species. When estimating habitat-specific ...
... trapping effort (i.e., total trap-nights). Both kinds of traps were set in areas frequented by carnivores and baited with non-species-specific lures (Turkowski et al. 1979). All sites were baited in the same way and were not purposely biased towards any one species. When estimating habitat-specific ...