Population Dynamics of Pathogens with Multiple Host Species
... would settle to its carrying capacity in the absence of the pathogen (there is no direct competition between the hosts). The contour lines give th ...
... would settle to its carrying capacity in the absence of the pathogen (there is no direct competition between the hosts). The contour lines give th ...
Habitat related differences in the survivorship and
... detailed investigation. Implications of these results in the interpretation of the impact of sea urchins on benthic communities is discussed. The great variation in survivorship of juveniles in experimental situations where predators have been excluded suggests that processes other than predation ar ...
... detailed investigation. Implications of these results in the interpretation of the impact of sea urchins on benthic communities is discussed. The great variation in survivorship of juveniles in experimental situations where predators have been excluded suggests that processes other than predation ar ...
Comparing growth patterns among field populations of cereal
... 1995) is the preferred procedure because it assumes an equal error in the x and y variables. For its accurate use, both axes must be similarly scaled (e.g. log-log scale). Before the analysis the problem of detecting abundance at very low overall population densities was addressed. Under these circu ...
... 1995) is the preferred procedure because it assumes an equal error in the x and y variables. For its accurate use, both axes must be similarly scaled (e.g. log-log scale). Before the analysis the problem of detecting abundance at very low overall population densities was addressed. Under these circu ...
The effect of historical legacy on adaptation: do closely related
... variables that encapsulate variation in the categories that have been found to be important ...
... variables that encapsulate variation in the categories that have been found to be important ...
São Tomé e Príncipe International Species Action Plans for Critically
... context it is worthwhile to highlight the decree 40 040 dating back to January 20, 1955. This decree introduced a system of protection to the soil, flora and fauna, thus acknowledging the interaction and interdependence existing between the soil, its vegetation cover and wildlife. The latest decree, ...
... context it is worthwhile to highlight the decree 40 040 dating back to January 20, 1955. This decree introduced a system of protection to the soil, flora and fauna, thus acknowledging the interaction and interdependence existing between the soil, its vegetation cover and wildlife. The latest decree, ...
Effects of shortterm warming on low and high latitude forest ant
... climatic change than those at high latitudes, ecological communities at low latitudes could be more resilient to environmental change because they are generally more diverse (Wittebolle et al. 2009). Yet, because most experimental studies of the effects of warming have been conducted at single sites ...
... climatic change than those at high latitudes, ecological communities at low latitudes could be more resilient to environmental change because they are generally more diverse (Wittebolle et al. 2009). Yet, because most experimental studies of the effects of warming have been conducted at single sites ...
Changes in plant community composition, not diversity, during a
... responses to nutrients have been shown to affect measures of plant diversity, few studies have examined how nutrient-driven changes in plant community composition over time may affect ANPP. The hierarchical response framework (HRF; Smith, Knapp & Collins 2009) predicts that chronic resource alterati ...
... responses to nutrients have been shown to affect measures of plant diversity, few studies have examined how nutrient-driven changes in plant community composition over time may affect ANPP. The hierarchical response framework (HRF; Smith, Knapp & Collins 2009) predicts that chronic resource alterati ...
hierarchical analysis of forest bird species
... of environmental variation across several levels of organization are powerful tools for this task. Our study used a hierarchical approach to partition explained variance in an Oregon Coast Range bird community among plot-, patch-, and landscape-level factors. We used a series of partial canonical or ...
... of environmental variation across several levels of organization are powerful tools for this task. Our study used a hierarchical approach to partition explained variance in an Oregon Coast Range bird community among plot-, patch-, and landscape-level factors. We used a series of partial canonical or ...
managing fisheries effects on marine food webs
... a few selected predators and is established in only a few areas, and field work and data acquisition are carried out voluntarily by members of CCAMLR. The manner in which the data from CEMP will be used to form policy has yet to be resolved (Constable et al., 2000), although advances toward resolutio ...
... a few selected predators and is established in only a few areas, and field work and data acquisition are carried out voluntarily by members of CCAMLR. The manner in which the data from CEMP will be used to form policy has yet to be resolved (Constable et al., 2000), although advances toward resolutio ...
Bulletin of the College of Science, University of the Ryukyus
... community structure of small animals associated with patches of the mussel Mylilus edulis. ...
... community structure of small animals associated with patches of the mussel Mylilus edulis. ...
Species diversity, invasion success, and ecosystem functioning
... 2002a). (A) Survival of the colonial ascidian Botrylloides violaceous and the solitary ascidian Ascidiella aspersa as a function of resident community species richness. Larger dots indicate 2 data points that lie on top of one another. (B) Resource (space) availability over time as a function of ini ...
... 2002a). (A) Survival of the colonial ascidian Botrylloides violaceous and the solitary ascidian Ascidiella aspersa as a function of resident community species richness. Larger dots indicate 2 data points that lie on top of one another. (B) Resource (space) availability over time as a function of ini ...
Sexratio meiotic drive and interspecific competition
... context of competition, there is a trade-off between the benefit from the skewed sex ratio and the cost to average fitness from the segregating driving X chromosome. Although several analytical solutions exist for SR meiotic drive equilibrium (Edwards, 1961; Clark, 1987; Hall, 2004), none are quite ...
... context of competition, there is a trade-off between the benefit from the skewed sex ratio and the cost to average fitness from the segregating driving X chromosome. Although several analytical solutions exist for SR meiotic drive equilibrium (Edwards, 1961; Clark, 1987; Hall, 2004), none are quite ...
Mutualism, Facilitation, and the Structure of Ecological Communities
... salt marsh plants demonstrated that positive interactions alRefuge from physical stresses. The idea that the habitatter elevational patterns of species distribution along a tidal gramodifying effects of one species may benefit other species was dient in these habitats (Bertness and Hacker 1994, Hack ...
... salt marsh plants demonstrated that positive interactions alRefuge from physical stresses. The idea that the habitatter elevational patterns of species distribution along a tidal gramodifying effects of one species may benefit other species was dient in these habitats (Bertness and Hacker 1994, Hack ...
1 BILLING CODE 3510-22-P DEPARTMENT OF
... positive 90-day finding (79 FR 52276) for the orange clownfish announcing that the petition presented substantial scientific or commercial information indicating the petitioned action of listing the orange clownfish may be warranted and explained the basis for that finding. We also announced a nega ...
... positive 90-day finding (79 FR 52276) for the orange clownfish announcing that the petition presented substantial scientific or commercial information indicating the petitioned action of listing the orange clownfish may be warranted and explained the basis for that finding. We also announced a nega ...
Ernest 2005
... BSEDs for all communities were significantly different from uniform (Fig. 1; all P # 0.001). Within energy use peaks, one species often accounted for the majority of energy use, resulting in consistently high values of DE across all nine communities (range: 0.60– 1, average DE 5 0.85; Fig. 2). In co ...
... BSEDs for all communities were significantly different from uniform (Fig. 1; all P # 0.001). Within energy use peaks, one species often accounted for the majority of energy use, resulting in consistently high values of DE across all nine communities (range: 0.60– 1, average DE 5 0.85; Fig. 2). In co ...
The Endangered Species Act of 1973
... policy, "28 to improve plans and programs towards achieving the goal of environmental excellence. The compromising language of this provision requires merely that environmental protection be one of a totality of concerns to be taken into consideration. Thus, before an environmental safeguard is requ ...
... policy, "28 to improve plans and programs towards achieving the goal of environmental excellence. The compromising language of this provision requires merely that environmental protection be one of a totality of concerns to be taken into consideration. Thus, before an environmental safeguard is requ ...
File
... resources, one species will be better suited to the niche and the other species will either be pushed into another niche or become extinct 4. one competitor is pushed out of a niche by another competitor, niche partitioning (resources are divided among competitors), evolutionary response (divergent ...
... resources, one species will be better suited to the niche and the other species will either be pushed into another niche or become extinct 4. one competitor is pushed out of a niche by another competitor, niche partitioning (resources are divided among competitors), evolutionary response (divergent ...
Inferring species interactions in ecological communities
... 1. Natural communities commonly contain many different species and functional groups, and multiple types of species interactions act simultaneously, such as competition, predation, commensalism or mutualism. However, experimental and theoretical investigations have generally been limited by focusing ...
... 1. Natural communities commonly contain many different species and functional groups, and multiple types of species interactions act simultaneously, such as competition, predation, commensalism or mutualism. However, experimental and theoretical investigations have generally been limited by focusing ...
Waipapa Point 2011 Fine Scale Rocky Shore Monitoring
... baseline of annual monitoring near Stirling Point, (Bluff) in February 2010, and Waipapa Point in 2011. After establishment of the baseline, monitoring will be undertaken 5 yearly and the results will help determine the extent to which the coast is affected by major environmental pressures (Table 1) ...
... baseline of annual monitoring near Stirling Point, (Bluff) in February 2010, and Waipapa Point in 2011. After establishment of the baseline, monitoring will be undertaken 5 yearly and the results will help determine the extent to which the coast is affected by major environmental pressures (Table 1) ...
Cuba Fishes
... Herbivore biomass was 37% lower in María la Gorda than that found in 1996 in the marine reserve at the Archipiélago Jardines de la Reina, where larger-sized species are more abundant (Sierra et al., 2001). Nevertheless, the densities and biomass of herbivorous fishes in María la Gorda were higher th ...
... Herbivore biomass was 37% lower in María la Gorda than that found in 1996 in the marine reserve at the Archipiélago Jardines de la Reina, where larger-sized species are more abundant (Sierra et al., 2001). Nevertheless, the densities and biomass of herbivorous fishes in María la Gorda were higher th ...
Community Ecology
... “A null model is a pattern-generating model that is based on randomization of ecological data or random sampling from a known or imagined distribution. The null model is designed with respect to some ecological or evolutionary process of interest. Certain elements of the data are held constant, and ...
... “A null model is a pattern-generating model that is based on randomization of ecological data or random sampling from a known or imagined distribution. The null model is designed with respect to some ecological or evolutionary process of interest. Certain elements of the data are held constant, and ...
secondary succession in an experimentally fragmented
... permits one to assess the influence of patch size and landscape position on successional dynamics. The general trajectory of succession follows that typical of succession in much of the eastern United States. In the initial years of the study, there was relatively little effect of patch size or dist ...
... permits one to assess the influence of patch size and landscape position on successional dynamics. The general trajectory of succession follows that typical of succession in much of the eastern United States. In the initial years of the study, there was relatively little effect of patch size or dist ...
Staddon et al 2010
... continuous habitat. These treatments are similar to a design previously used (Gilbert et al. 1998; Gonzalez et al. 1998) in the field. Microcosms were constructed of 30-mm thick, 240-mm square PVC base with four 70-mm-diameter subchambers in each corner (see Fig. S1). Each subchamber was 60-mm heigh ...
... continuous habitat. These treatments are similar to a design previously used (Gilbert et al. 1998; Gonzalez et al. 1998) in the field. Microcosms were constructed of 30-mm thick, 240-mm square PVC base with four 70-mm-diameter subchambers in each corner (see Fig. S1). Each subchamber was 60-mm heigh ...
Flexible filter feeders van Walraven, Lodewijk
... Porifera. The alternative hypothesis that Ctenophora are the oldest known multicellular animals to diverge (Ryan et al., 2013), which would imply several independent gains and losses of key metazoan characteristics, is currently not supported (Pisani et al., 2015). 242 species of ctenophores have be ...
... Porifera. The alternative hypothesis that Ctenophora are the oldest known multicellular animals to diverge (Ryan et al., 2013), which would imply several independent gains and losses of key metazoan characteristics, is currently not supported (Pisani et al., 2015). 242 species of ctenophores have be ...
Breeding bird dynamics in a primaeval temperate forest: long
... equilibnal, stable, strongly interacting units), marshalled by MacArthur (1958) and his followers, prevailed Current views of animal community structure are much more pluralistic (Mclntosh 1995) TTie equilibnal model IS seen rather as a special case, one end of the continuum between the "competitive ...
... equilibnal, stable, strongly interacting units), marshalled by MacArthur (1958) and his followers, prevailed Current views of animal community structure are much more pluralistic (Mclntosh 1995) TTie equilibnal model IS seen rather as a special case, one end of the continuum between the "competitive ...