Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... rats. These neurons were either integrative, responding to multiple stimuli (47%), or belonged to dedicated subpopulations that fired to only one stimulus (53%). In the cue-only extinction block of trials, 45% of VP neurons (52/115) fired phasically at the onset of the CS+1 and/or CS+2 cues (23% of th ...
... rats. These neurons were either integrative, responding to multiple stimuli (47%), or belonged to dedicated subpopulations that fired to only one stimulus (53%). In the cue-only extinction block of trials, 45% of VP neurons (52/115) fired phasically at the onset of the CS+1 and/or CS+2 cues (23% of th ...
GMS 6074
... This course will introduce undergraduate and graduate students to the origins and diversity of nervous systems, examine the developmental and evolutionary processes that have molded the complex nervous systems of invertebrates and vertebrates, discuss the use of specific systems as models for unders ...
... This course will introduce undergraduate and graduate students to the origins and diversity of nervous systems, examine the developmental and evolutionary processes that have molded the complex nervous systems of invertebrates and vertebrates, discuss the use of specific systems as models for unders ...
Optic Glomeruli and Their Inputs inDrosophilaShare an
... Studying the insect visual system provides important data on the basic neural mechanisms underlying visual processing. As in vertebrates, the first step in visual processing in insects is through a series of retinotopic neurons. Recent studies on flies have found that these converge onto assemblies ...
... Studying the insect visual system provides important data on the basic neural mechanisms underlying visual processing. As in vertebrates, the first step in visual processing in insects is through a series of retinotopic neurons. Recent studies on flies have found that these converge onto assemblies ...
Gaze direction controls response gain in primary visual
... direction also affected visually responsive cells that were nonstimulus selective, constituting 21% of disparity- and 9% of orientation-tested cells, in a similar way. Spontaneous activity was found to be modulated in only 11% of cases, with no correlation with the modulation on visual response. Var ...
... direction also affected visually responsive cells that were nonstimulus selective, constituting 21% of disparity- and 9% of orientation-tested cells, in a similar way. Spontaneous activity was found to be modulated in only 11% of cases, with no correlation with the modulation on visual response. Var ...
PowerPoint Slides - Portland State University
... • State space analysis and synthesis of vocalizations to aid in stimulus design • Comparison of neural responses from both a spike rate and spike timing perspective • Improved methods for creating input>output models of individual neurons provided the pure tone responses of these neurons – Used to a ...
... • State space analysis and synthesis of vocalizations to aid in stimulus design • Comparison of neural responses from both a spike rate and spike timing perspective • Improved methods for creating input>output models of individual neurons provided the pure tone responses of these neurons – Used to a ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... The magnitude of LTP that can be induced at thalamocortical and intracortical synapses in V1 can be influenced by various neuromodulators. For example, in vitro studies suggest that serotonin lowers the amount of NMDA-dependent LTP that can be obtained in slices of V1 (Edagawa et al., 2001; Kim et a ...
... The magnitude of LTP that can be induced at thalamocortical and intracortical synapses in V1 can be influenced by various neuromodulators. For example, in vitro studies suggest that serotonin lowers the amount of NMDA-dependent LTP that can be obtained in slices of V1 (Edagawa et al., 2001; Kim et a ...
The Biological Bases of Time-to
... moved along simulated 3D trajectories 45° apart in spherical coordinates. The diagram illustrates the 4 planes along which stimuli were moved. B. A typical single neuron from the nucleus rotundus of pigeons exhibiting clear selectivity for a looming visual stimulus. Firing rate is plotted for the di ...
... moved along simulated 3D trajectories 45° apart in spherical coordinates. The diagram illustrates the 4 planes along which stimuli were moved. B. A typical single neuron from the nucleus rotundus of pigeons exhibiting clear selectivity for a looming visual stimulus. Firing rate is plotted for the di ...
The Nervous System
... Neural basis of learning and memory Neural plasticity and changes to connections between neurons (including long-term potentiation and long-term depression) as the fundamental mechanisms of memory formation that leads to learning The role of neurotransmitters and neurohormones in the neural basis of ...
... Neural basis of learning and memory Neural plasticity and changes to connections between neurons (including long-term potentiation and long-term depression) as the fundamental mechanisms of memory formation that leads to learning The role of neurotransmitters and neurohormones in the neural basis of ...
The Emerging Roles of Oxytocin in Rhythmic Prolactin Release
... return when the OT antagonist leaves the system. That is, OT at the lactotroph is required for the expression of the rhythm, but not for triggering the rhythm. ...
... return when the OT antagonist leaves the system. That is, OT at the lactotroph is required for the expression of the rhythm, but not for triggering the rhythm. ...
Spinal Nerves Posterior View
... coffee) or more daily, caffeine can cause nervousness, sweating, tenseness, upset stomach, anxiety, and insomnia. It can also prevent clear thinking and increase the side effects of certain medications. This level of caffeine intake represents a significant health risk. ...
... coffee) or more daily, caffeine can cause nervousness, sweating, tenseness, upset stomach, anxiety, and insomnia. It can also prevent clear thinking and increase the side effects of certain medications. This level of caffeine intake represents a significant health risk. ...
Spinal Nerves Posterior View
... coffee) or more daily, caffeine can cause nervousness, sweating, tenseness, upset stomach, anxiety, and insomnia. It can also prevent clear thinking and increase the side effects of certain medications. This level of caffeine intake represents a significant health risk. ...
... coffee) or more daily, caffeine can cause nervousness, sweating, tenseness, upset stomach, anxiety, and insomnia. It can also prevent clear thinking and increase the side effects of certain medications. This level of caffeine intake represents a significant health risk. ...
Presentation
... 1. Singh A, Chauhan V, Sodhi A, Bhatnagar R. Asp 187 and Phe 190 residues in lethal factor are required for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2002 Jul 2; 212(2):183-6. 2. Gupta P, Singh A, Chauhan V, Bhatnagar R. Involvement of residues 147VYYEIGK153 in binding of ...
... 1. Singh A, Chauhan V, Sodhi A, Bhatnagar R. Asp 187 and Phe 190 residues in lethal factor are required for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2002 Jul 2; 212(2):183-6. 2. Gupta P, Singh A, Chauhan V, Bhatnagar R. Involvement of residues 147VYYEIGK153 in binding of ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
... protocols were followed and whether the tissue was fixed with sodium periodate-lysine paraformaldehyde and stored in PBS or fixed and stored in formol-saline. Controls. The antiserum that we used was kindly provided by Dr. D. Eric M. Lawson of the University of Cambridge and has been reported to be ...
... protocols were followed and whether the tissue was fixed with sodium periodate-lysine paraformaldehyde and stored in PBS or fixed and stored in formol-saline. Controls. The antiserum that we used was kindly provided by Dr. D. Eric M. Lawson of the University of Cambridge and has been reported to be ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 13 The early spinal cord and hindbrain are divided into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) plates by the limiting sulcus. This morphology reflects early ventral differentiation of the mantle layer (2), which is accompanied by an early ventral thinning of the neuroepithelial or ventricular laye ...
... FIGURE 13 The early spinal cord and hindbrain are divided into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) plates by the limiting sulcus. This morphology reflects early ventral differentiation of the mantle layer (2), which is accompanied by an early ventral thinning of the neuroepithelial or ventricular laye ...
The Nervous System - Division of Social Sciences
... Researchers have found that the average human cerebral cortex has approximately two glial cells for every neuron (other brain regions have up to 10 times as many). That’s a glia index of 2.0. The index in comparable regions in rodents is 0.4, in worms 0.17. There is work that supports the theory tha ...
... Researchers have found that the average human cerebral cortex has approximately two glial cells for every neuron (other brain regions have up to 10 times as many). That’s a glia index of 2.0. The index in comparable regions in rodents is 0.4, in worms 0.17. There is work that supports the theory tha ...
Acupuncture Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain: A
... innervated with encapsulated, unencapsulated and free nerve endings. They therefore transmit proprioceptive and nociceptive information (Bogduk, 1983). Nerve endings are also found in subchondral bone of the joints and Substance P has been found throughout these structures. The presence of substance ...
... innervated with encapsulated, unencapsulated and free nerve endings. They therefore transmit proprioceptive and nociceptive information (Bogduk, 1983). Nerve endings are also found in subchondral bone of the joints and Substance P has been found throughout these structures. The presence of substance ...
Molecular Graphics for Ligand Binding Experiment
... help understand the nature of the binding of ligands to avidin and to correlate those structures to the values for the Kd’s that you will obtain for HABA and desthiobiotin binding to egg white avidin. The relevant PDB files that you can download from the RCSB (www.pdb.org/pdb/home/home.do) web site ...
... help understand the nature of the binding of ligands to avidin and to correlate those structures to the values for the Kd’s that you will obtain for HABA and desthiobiotin binding to egg white avidin. The relevant PDB files that you can download from the RCSB (www.pdb.org/pdb/home/home.do) web site ...
Echokinetic yawning, theory of mind, and empathy
... Schürmann et al. (2) confirmed that during echokinetic yawning, there is no activation of mirror neurons in motor areas of the human brain (left posterior inferior frontal cortex), whereas these neurons are activated during observation of other types of facial gestures (decoding of intentionality). ...
... Schürmann et al. (2) confirmed that during echokinetic yawning, there is no activation of mirror neurons in motor areas of the human brain (left posterior inferior frontal cortex), whereas these neurons are activated during observation of other types of facial gestures (decoding of intentionality). ...
Total number and volume of Von Economo neurons in the cerebral
... A map of the sampled regions displaying the limits of the ROIs in an odontocete (T. truncatus) and a mysticete (M. novaeangliae) is shown in Figure 2. These boundaries were based on comprehensive descriptions of the anatomy of the bottlenose dolphin brain by Jacobs et al. (1971,1979, 1984), Morgane ...
... A map of the sampled regions displaying the limits of the ROIs in an odontocete (T. truncatus) and a mysticete (M. novaeangliae) is shown in Figure 2. These boundaries were based on comprehensive descriptions of the anatomy of the bottlenose dolphin brain by Jacobs et al. (1971,1979, 1984), Morgane ...
Changes in Monoamine Release in the Ventral Horn and
... and a reduction of muscle tone in the respiratory related musculature occur in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Previous studies have emphasized the role of glycine in generating these changes. Because the activity of norepinephrine- and serotonin-containing neurons is known to decrease in REM sleep, ...
... and a reduction of muscle tone in the respiratory related musculature occur in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Previous studies have emphasized the role of glycine in generating these changes. Because the activity of norepinephrine- and serotonin-containing neurons is known to decrease in REM sleep, ...
8. Review and Revision arrangements
... of haemochromatosis occurs because the body continuously absorbs more iron from the diet than is required. There is no mechanism in the body to excrete excess iron and therefore iron concentrations slowly rise over a number of years, ultimately leading to organ damage. The most common primary cause ...
... of haemochromatosis occurs because the body continuously absorbs more iron from the diet than is required. There is no mechanism in the body to excrete excess iron and therefore iron concentrations slowly rise over a number of years, ultimately leading to organ damage. The most common primary cause ...
Functional and comparative assessments of the octopus learning
... (39). This issue remains to be clarified in a more detailed study. However, if these findings hold, they are most significant, because NMDA-like currents have been discovered in the chromatophore muscle cells of squid (42) and NMDA-like immunoreactivity has also been reported in the brains of cuttle ...
... (39). This issue remains to be clarified in a more detailed study. However, if these findings hold, they are most significant, because NMDA-like currents have been discovered in the chromatophore muscle cells of squid (42) and NMDA-like immunoreactivity has also been reported in the brains of cuttle ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.