Evolution and intelligence: beyond the argument
... Recent critics of strong selectionist theories, such as Stephen J. Gould, in an effort to respond to the incompleteness of the gene selection models of evolutionary processes, have suggested that ...
... Recent critics of strong selectionist theories, such as Stephen J. Gould, in an effort to respond to the incompleteness of the gene selection models of evolutionary processes, have suggested that ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... into the LH/PFA in vivo (114). Whether or not neurons are the source of adenosine in this case remains unresolved, as adenosine is thought to be primarily produced by hydrolysis of astrocyte-derived ATP in the extracellular space by ectonucleotidases (124, 142) and affect neuronal activity (88). In ...
... into the LH/PFA in vivo (114). Whether or not neurons are the source of adenosine in this case remains unresolved, as adenosine is thought to be primarily produced by hydrolysis of astrocyte-derived ATP in the extracellular space by ectonucleotidases (124, 142) and affect neuronal activity (88). In ...
The Real Story Behind the Amino Acid Leucine
... sustained resistance response. It should be stressed that the frequency, quantity and quality of protein consumed throughout the day is critical. These three factors are more important than the total amount consumed per day. A sufficient amount (approximately 20-30 g) of high quality protein is need ...
... sustained resistance response. It should be stressed that the frequency, quantity and quality of protein consumed throughout the day is critical. These three factors are more important than the total amount consumed per day. A sufficient amount (approximately 20-30 g) of high quality protein is need ...
Comparing neuronal and behavioral thresholds
... Earlier studies in primates have found neurons in the dorsal division of the medial superior temporal area that are tuned for spiral direction [2,3], in a similar manner as middle temporal neurons are tuned for the direction of linear motion [4]. These neurons may play an important role in optic flo ...
... Earlier studies in primates have found neurons in the dorsal division of the medial superior temporal area that are tuned for spiral direction [2,3], in a similar manner as middle temporal neurons are tuned for the direction of linear motion [4]. These neurons may play an important role in optic flo ...
SPA Enzyme Assay Design
... The source of enzyme for activity measurements in SPA assays can be obtained from either cell lysates (crude protein) or from purified preparations (e.g., recombinant protein). In the case of crude enzyme, competing activities may also be present in the cell lysate that could affect the assay perfor ...
... The source of enzyme for activity measurements in SPA assays can be obtained from either cell lysates (crude protein) or from purified preparations (e.g., recombinant protein). In the case of crude enzyme, competing activities may also be present in the cell lysate that could affect the assay perfor ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... direction, discharge was minimal. Therefore, the discharge during the delay period appeared to be related in some way to the target’s position. Importantly, after the go signal was given, the discharge remained the same as it was during the delay period. This second observation suggests that the in ...
... direction, discharge was minimal. Therefore, the discharge during the delay period appeared to be related in some way to the target’s position. Importantly, after the go signal was given, the discharge remained the same as it was during the delay period. This second observation suggests that the in ...
hap6 - WordPress.com
... supplying a region of the brain Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source dies ...
... supplying a region of the brain Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source dies ...
Med Chem II Tutoring
... AEDS IS THE BIOISOTERIC REPLACE OF HYDANTOINS? • A. Barbiturates • B. Succinimides ...
... AEDS IS THE BIOISOTERIC REPLACE OF HYDANTOINS? • A. Barbiturates • B. Succinimides ...
Plasticity in the Nervous System of Adult Hydra. III. Conversion of
... those found in these regions in normal animals (Fig. 2a,b). Because tissue displacement continues despite either treatment (Yaross et al., 1986) and the tissue in the tentacles, lower peduncle, and foot turned over completely in this period of time (Yaross et al., 1986; H. R. Bode and L. Gee, unpubl ...
... those found in these regions in normal animals (Fig. 2a,b). Because tissue displacement continues despite either treatment (Yaross et al., 1986) and the tissue in the tentacles, lower peduncle, and foot turned over completely in this period of time (Yaross et al., 1986; H. R. Bode and L. Gee, unpubl ...
Physiological Psychology
... psychology text is because it plays an important role in the control of emotional behaviours. For example, it has a major role in the ‘fight or flight’ response that occurs when we are faced with a dangerous situation. ANS regulates the basic visceral processes needed for the maintenance of normal b ...
... psychology text is because it plays an important role in the control of emotional behaviours. For example, it has a major role in the ‘fight or flight’ response that occurs when we are faced with a dangerous situation. ANS regulates the basic visceral processes needed for the maintenance of normal b ...
A Survey of Recent Work on Evolutionary Approaches to the Protein
... structure information from any other protein for comparison. These methods explore an energy hypersurface ( tness landscape) for a minimal energy conformation, which is believed to correspond to the native state. Unfortunately, the enormous size of the energy hypersurface complicates the search proc ...
... structure information from any other protein for comparison. These methods explore an energy hypersurface ( tness landscape) for a minimal energy conformation, which is believed to correspond to the native state. Unfortunately, the enormous size of the energy hypersurface complicates the search proc ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... Protein Data Bank (PDB), the world’s repository for protein 3D structures, has recently witnessed an accumulation of experimentally determined protein 3D structures whose functions are unknown (Berman, H.M., & Westbrook, J.D. 2004). This, in turn, has created the need for computational methods of st ...
... Protein Data Bank (PDB), the world’s repository for protein 3D structures, has recently witnessed an accumulation of experimentally determined protein 3D structures whose functions are unknown (Berman, H.M., & Westbrook, J.D. 2004). This, in turn, has created the need for computational methods of st ...
Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral
... The surrounding substantia nigra (SN; pars compacta) was also studied. Notably, the firing of DA neurons at this site of the rat was unaffected by orexins, whereas orexins excited GABAergic neurons in the pars reticulata of the SN [19]. To explore neuroanatomical similarities/differences between the ...
... The surrounding substantia nigra (SN; pars compacta) was also studied. Notably, the firing of DA neurons at this site of the rat was unaffected by orexins, whereas orexins excited GABAergic neurons in the pars reticulata of the SN [19]. To explore neuroanatomical similarities/differences between the ...
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
... system, and arousal. For example, orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues, including ghrelin, leptin, and glucose concentration. This suggests that they may provide a link between energy homeostasis and arousal states. A link between the limbic system and orexin neurons might be im ...
... system, and arousal. For example, orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues, including ghrelin, leptin, and glucose concentration. This suggests that they may provide a link between energy homeostasis and arousal states. A link between the limbic system and orexin neurons might be im ...
Changes in spinal cord
... *branches or interneurons at terminal level *mainly function to control “automatic functions” such as walking or posture -tectospinal *from superior colliculus to ventral horn of cervical region *decussates at level of colliculus *only functions in upper limb/neck *tectum is associated with visual m ...
... *branches or interneurons at terminal level *mainly function to control “automatic functions” such as walking or posture -tectospinal *from superior colliculus to ventral horn of cervical region *decussates at level of colliculus *only functions in upper limb/neck *tectum is associated with visual m ...
Nerve activates contraction
... 1 Resting membrane is polarized. In the resting state, the external face of the membrane is slightly positive; its internal face is slightly negative. The chief extracellular ion is sodium (Na+), whereas the chief intracellular ion is potassium (K+). The membrane is relatively impermeable to both io ...
... 1 Resting membrane is polarized. In the resting state, the external face of the membrane is slightly positive; its internal face is slightly negative. The chief extracellular ion is sodium (Na+), whereas the chief intracellular ion is potassium (K+). The membrane is relatively impermeable to both io ...
Voluntary Nicotine Consumption Triggers Potentiation of Cortical Excitatory Drives to Midbrain
... (back of the animal, parallel to the spine). Pumps were filled either with saline (pumpSAL, n ⫽ 17) or nicotine tartrate solution (pump-NIC, n ⫽ 7). The concentration of nicotine tartrate salt solution was adjusted according to animal weight, resulting in 9 mg/kg/d (3.16 mg/kg/d, free base) for 6 d. ...
... (back of the animal, parallel to the spine). Pumps were filled either with saline (pumpSAL, n ⫽ 17) or nicotine tartrate solution (pump-NIC, n ⫽ 7). The concentration of nicotine tartrate salt solution was adjusted according to animal weight, resulting in 9 mg/kg/d (3.16 mg/kg/d, free base) for 6 d. ...
Протокол
... commissure and project to the contralateral olfactory bulb. These fibers connect the two olfactory bulbs and modulate the input from the contralateral side. The lateral olfactory stria consists of fibers that project directly to the olfactory cortex, which is located on the medial portion of the ve ...
... commissure and project to the contralateral olfactory bulb. These fibers connect the two olfactory bulbs and modulate the input from the contralateral side. The lateral olfactory stria consists of fibers that project directly to the olfactory cortex, which is located on the medial portion of the ve ...
Optical Imaging of Neural Structure and Physiology: Confocal
... with static images of cellular morphology. However, functional mapping dictates that we integrate the structural and physiological features of individual cells into the larger context of tissue organization. This can be facilitated by simultaneously viewing the functional interrelationships and inte ...
... with static images of cellular morphology. However, functional mapping dictates that we integrate the structural and physiological features of individual cells into the larger context of tissue organization. This can be facilitated by simultaneously viewing the functional interrelationships and inte ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... marily from the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) (extending into the anterior insular cortex) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In fact, these two regions seem to be the major cortical inputs to the LC, with little input from other cortical areas (reviewed in A ...
... marily from the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) (extending into the anterior insular cortex) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In fact, these two regions seem to be the major cortical inputs to the LC, with little input from other cortical areas (reviewed in A ...
Pudendal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
... solve the problem without success. There are patients who have had pain for years and have consumed a true arsenal of medications without obtaining relief. The contribution of physiotherapy (including intra-rectal massages) and the appeal of other conservative treatments are unsuccessful in the majo ...
... solve the problem without success. There are patients who have had pain for years and have consumed a true arsenal of medications without obtaining relief. The contribution of physiotherapy (including intra-rectal massages) and the appeal of other conservative treatments are unsuccessful in the majo ...
A Gaussian Approach to Neural Nets with Multiple Memory Domains
... them are inhibitory neurons while the rest are attached to a cable of afferent fibres receiving excitatory. Each neuron receives, on the through it sustained inputs from another netlet average, excitatory postsynaptic potentials with the same structure. In constructing models of such neuron asse ...
... them are inhibitory neurons while the rest are attached to a cable of afferent fibres receiving excitatory. Each neuron receives, on the through it sustained inputs from another netlet average, excitatory postsynaptic potentials with the same structure. In constructing models of such neuron asse ...
The changing impact of genes and environment on brain
... of the disparity is likely due to changes in imaging methodology inherent in the technical advances of the past 3 decades. In addition, it has become apparent that most findings are relatively subtle, and that many studies are underpowered (Meda et al., 2008; van Haren et al., 2008). Heterogeneity o ...
... of the disparity is likely due to changes in imaging methodology inherent in the technical advances of the past 3 decades. In addition, it has become apparent that most findings are relatively subtle, and that many studies are underpowered (Meda et al., 2008; van Haren et al., 2008). Heterogeneity o ...
Nervous_system_Tissue_Overview
... Mostly seen in the elderly, but may begin in middle age(early onset) ...
... Mostly seen in the elderly, but may begin in middle age(early onset) ...
The Role of Histamine H1 , H2 and H3 Receptors on Enteric
... contrast, amthamine (0.1–300 mM), another H2 agonist, was without effect on the nerve mediated contractions (fig. 4). The potent H3 receptor agonist R-a-methylhistamine (0.001–1 mM) reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner, the nerve mediated contraction when applied to the anal ...
... contrast, amthamine (0.1–300 mM), another H2 agonist, was without effect on the nerve mediated contractions (fig. 4). The potent H3 receptor agonist R-a-methylhistamine (0.001–1 mM) reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner, the nerve mediated contraction when applied to the anal ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.