View as PDF - Montana State University
... quantify the relationship between competitive ability and defense and to evaluate its role in maintaining species diversity in plant communities. Plants use several types of defenses to protect themselves against consumers. However, we focus solely on the resistance component of defense, because pas ...
... quantify the relationship between competitive ability and defense and to evaluate its role in maintaining species diversity in plant communities. Plants use several types of defenses to protect themselves against consumers. However, we focus solely on the resistance component of defense, because pas ...
Biomes - SEPUP
... to come to the conclusion that the because its traits are likely to still be helpful to it in this new environment. The enviclimates of these two locations are ronment where an organism lives is influenced by both bioticc (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors. Abiotic factors include climate and ...
... to come to the conclusion that the because its traits are likely to still be helpful to it in this new environment. The enviclimates of these two locations are ronment where an organism lives is influenced by both bioticc (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors. Abiotic factors include climate and ...
Succession Among the Ocean Tides
... and beech. These later successions of trees are slower growing than the ones that came into the forest first, but they have other characteristics that make them well adapted to the later stages in succession. These species are what foresters call shade tolerant; they grow relatively well in the deep ...
... and beech. These later successions of trees are slower growing than the ones that came into the forest first, but they have other characteristics that make them well adapted to the later stages in succession. These species are what foresters call shade tolerant; they grow relatively well in the deep ...
Connections between ecology, biogeography, and paleobiology
... conditions of the local environment meets the requirements of a given species. These requirements can be defined so as to be independent of each other, thereby constituting orthogonal axes of the species-specific niche. Thus, the niche is a characterization of the environmental requirements of a spe ...
... conditions of the local environment meets the requirements of a given species. These requirements can be defined so as to be independent of each other, thereby constituting orthogonal axes of the species-specific niche. Thus, the niche is a characterization of the environmental requirements of a spe ...
Rapid Evolutionary Change and the Coexistence of Species
... making coexistence more likely. In this framework a species’ mean fitness refers to the component of its population growth rate that is independent of its density and the density of competing species (see the sidebar on Ecological Versus Evolutionary Fitness for a further discussion of ecological fitn ...
... making coexistence more likely. In this framework a species’ mean fitness refers to the component of its population growth rate that is independent of its density and the density of competing species (see the sidebar on Ecological Versus Evolutionary Fitness for a further discussion of ecological fitn ...
Non-native fruit trees facilitate colonization of native forest on
... recruitment. Such features include native trees left standing when the forest was cleared (“remnant” trees) or non-native trees planted by farmers for fruit or wood (“legacy” trees). These trees can provide attractive perches, shade, and/or food for seed-dispersing animals, leading to elevated level ...
... recruitment. Such features include native trees left standing when the forest was cleared (“remnant” trees) or non-native trees planted by farmers for fruit or wood (“legacy” trees). These trees can provide attractive perches, shade, and/or food for seed-dispersing animals, leading to elevated level ...
Resource Resilience, Human Niche Construction, and the Long
... Premier among the r-selected generalists that came to dominate the simplified Holocene ungulate guild of the eastern woodlands was the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), which became the prey for human hunters in the region (Wolverton et al. 2008). In addition to their relatively large body ...
... Premier among the r-selected generalists that came to dominate the simplified Holocene ungulate guild of the eastern woodlands was the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), which became the prey for human hunters in the region (Wolverton et al. 2008). In addition to their relatively large body ...
Profile – Mexico
... from the coast to the mountains. The forest is characterized by its diversity of flora and fauna and a very high number of endemic species. Two groups, the Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the Cuixmala Ecological Foundation, A.C, own the majority of the land in the reserve. The name of thi ...
... from the coast to the mountains. The forest is characterized by its diversity of flora and fauna and a very high number of endemic species. Two groups, the Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the Cuixmala Ecological Foundation, A.C, own the majority of the land in the reserve. The name of thi ...
Chapter 3 - Santa Rosa Home
... Use of resources Functional role in a community: habitat use, food selection, role in energy and nutrient flow, interactions with other individuals ...
... Use of resources Functional role in a community: habitat use, food selection, role in energy and nutrient flow, interactions with other individuals ...
by Sydne Record
... nutrients, sugar, and water by sucking on the roots or stems of other plants. All plants have an intricate series of pipes called the xylem and phloem that distribute water and food, respectively, from one part of the plant to another. These tissues mirror the plumbing system in a house that brings ...
... nutrients, sugar, and water by sucking on the roots or stems of other plants. All plants have an intricate series of pipes called the xylem and phloem that distribute water and food, respectively, from one part of the plant to another. These tissues mirror the plumbing system in a house that brings ...
Deciphering The Communicative Rosetta Stone
... Although it has been known for years that plants and animals are remarkable natural product chemists, it has only been in the last few decades that biologists have developed some awareness of the significance of this biosynthetic versatility. Among animals, a dazzling array of organic compounds func ...
... Although it has been known for years that plants and animals are remarkable natural product chemists, it has only been in the last few decades that biologists have developed some awareness of the significance of this biosynthetic versatility. Among animals, a dazzling array of organic compounds func ...
Rapid Evolutionary Change and the Coexistence of Species
... making coexistence more likely. In this framework a species’ mean fitness refers to the component of its population growth rate that is independent of its density and the density of competing species (see the sidebar on Ecological Versus Evolutionary Fitness for a further discussion of ecological fitn ...
... making coexistence more likely. In this framework a species’ mean fitness refers to the component of its population growth rate that is independent of its density and the density of competing species (see the sidebar on Ecological Versus Evolutionary Fitness for a further discussion of ecological fitn ...
chapt13 discussion 2015
... – In addition to requiring cold water, kelps are very nutrient-needy – This is the result of the fast growth seen in these algae (up to 20 inches a day) ...
... – In addition to requiring cold water, kelps are very nutrient-needy – This is the result of the fast growth seen in these algae (up to 20 inches a day) ...
aves: tytonidae
... The Barn Owl (Tyto alba) is a cosmopolite species. Due to its wide distribution range and high popularity the species was the subject of many studies carried out in different areas, thus its diet being well known. However, in Romania, only a few data were published, most of the studies on the trophi ...
... The Barn Owl (Tyto alba) is a cosmopolite species. Due to its wide distribution range and high popularity the species was the subject of many studies carried out in different areas, thus its diet being well known. However, in Romania, only a few data were published, most of the studies on the trophi ...
Chapter 266 - Global Declines of Amphibians
... their eyes are covered by skin or bone. Caecilians have high numbers of trunk vertebrae and are very elongated, but they either lack entirely or have an exceedingly short tail. Frogs are also tetrapods but have a more specialized form that generally enables jumping (although some species walk, hop, ...
... their eyes are covered by skin or bone. Caecilians have high numbers of trunk vertebrae and are very elongated, but they either lack entirely or have an exceedingly short tail. Frogs are also tetrapods but have a more specialized form that generally enables jumping (although some species walk, hop, ...
Herbivore diet breadth mediates the cascading effects of carnivores
... experimental tests have been limited in several regards. Comparative tests using multiple herbivore species in the same community show reduced attack rates by predators on dietary specialist vs. generalist species (e.g., refs. 20 and 22–24). These studies typically do not account for phylogenetic no ...
... experimental tests have been limited in several regards. Comparative tests using multiple herbivore species in the same community show reduced attack rates by predators on dietary specialist vs. generalist species (e.g., refs. 20 and 22–24). These studies typically do not account for phylogenetic no ...
Ecological Reference Points for Forage Species
... ecosystems.vii But NMFS had never provided guidance and direction as to how fishery managers should take into account the protection of PREY DEPLETION ASSOCIATED WITH MSY marine ecosystems when they set catch limits, or how MSY should be reduced by ecological factors, or even what those factors are. ...
... ecosystems.vii But NMFS had never provided guidance and direction as to how fishery managers should take into account the protection of PREY DEPLETION ASSOCIATED WITH MSY marine ecosystems when they set catch limits, or how MSY should be reduced by ecological factors, or even what those factors are. ...
Effects of local adaptation and interspecific competition on species
... climate impact that include both factors. To identify possible dynamics of species when including these factors, we ran simulations of two competing species using an individual-based, coupled map–lattice model using a linear climatic gradient that varies across latitude and is warmed over time. Repr ...
... climate impact that include both factors. To identify possible dynamics of species when including these factors, we ran simulations of two competing species using an individual-based, coupled map–lattice model using a linear climatic gradient that varies across latitude and is warmed over time. Repr ...
chapter 9 biological invasions and the homogenization of faunas
... economic harm (see below). Before continuing, however, it is very important to recognize that a multitude of names have been given to species that are introduced to a novel location via human actions – such as ‘exotic’, ‘invasive’ or ‘alien’ species (Lockwood et al., 2007). We use the term ‘invasion ...
... economic harm (see below). Before continuing, however, it is very important to recognize that a multitude of names have been given to species that are introduced to a novel location via human actions – such as ‘exotic’, ‘invasive’ or ‘alien’ species (Lockwood et al., 2007). We use the term ‘invasion ...
Community stability and selective extinction during the Permian
... droplets are assumed to evaporate in a uniformly and thoroughly mixed volume. Results from passes through the two clouds previously described are shown to illustrate that the trends are quite general. The data points in both examples show striking agreement with the inhomogeneous hypothesis, confirm ...
... droplets are assumed to evaporate in a uniformly and thoroughly mixed volume. Results from passes through the two clouds previously described are shown to illustrate that the trends are quite general. The data points in both examples show striking agreement with the inhomogeneous hypothesis, confirm ...
Coexistence of nearly neutral species - SYSU
... Yu et al. (1998) by investigating the effect of non-neutrality on community diversity patterns (species-abundance and speciesarea curves). Fuentes (2004) first extended Yu et al.’s work by simulating a spatially explicit nearly neutral system by considering slight differences in the viability of ind ...
... Yu et al. (1998) by investigating the effect of non-neutrality on community diversity patterns (species-abundance and speciesarea curves). Fuentes (2004) first extended Yu et al.’s work by simulating a spatially explicit nearly neutral system by considering slight differences in the viability of ind ...
Curiosity killed the bird: arbitrary hunting of Harpy Eagles Harpia
... World’s largest raptors, and occur in tropical forests from Middle America to northern Argentina4,14,17,22. They are relatively sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and are among the first species to disappear from areas colonised by humans. Currently assigned to the IUCN category Near Threatened2 ...
... World’s largest raptors, and occur in tropical forests from Middle America to northern Argentina4,14,17,22. They are relatively sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and are among the first species to disappear from areas colonised by humans. Currently assigned to the IUCN category Near Threatened2 ...
Chapter 4
... Niche-differentiation 1. Alpha-niche Differentiation (type of resource and time of availability) 2. Environmental Fluctuation – season, decadal and gradual change ...
... Niche-differentiation 1. Alpha-niche Differentiation (type of resource and time of availability) 2. Environmental Fluctuation – season, decadal and gradual change ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.