Direct and indirect community effects of rebuilding plans
... classes is due to increased predation pressure from the adults of the target species (Figure 5b), whereas the larger asymptotic size classes are also affected by increased predation pressure during their juvenile stages. Furthermore, when the individuals of the larger asymptotic size classes are in ...
... classes is due to increased predation pressure from the adults of the target species (Figure 5b), whereas the larger asymptotic size classes are also affected by increased predation pressure during their juvenile stages. Furthermore, when the individuals of the larger asymptotic size classes are in ...
Sustaining multiple ecosystem functions in grassland communities requires higher biodiversity
... We assessed the ability of communities to achieve multifunctionality thresholds (T), which we defined as a set percentage of each function’s observed maximum value (e.g., T5 = 30% of maximum value for each of five functions). We began by asking what minimum species richness was required for most (>50% ...
... We assessed the ability of communities to achieve multifunctionality thresholds (T), which we defined as a set percentage of each function’s observed maximum value (e.g., T5 = 30% of maximum value for each of five functions). We began by asking what minimum species richness was required for most (>50% ...
- Wiley Online Library
... of antibiotic e¡ects. Three species, P. aurantia [12], P. luteoviolacea [13] and P. rubra [14], have been demonstrated to produce high molecular mass antibacterial compounds [15]. The anti-bacterial activity displayed by the di¡erent strains of P. luteoviolacea is particularly interesting and has be ...
... of antibiotic e¡ects. Three species, P. aurantia [12], P. luteoviolacea [13] and P. rubra [14], have been demonstrated to produce high molecular mass antibacterial compounds [15]. The anti-bacterial activity displayed by the di¡erent strains of P. luteoviolacea is particularly interesting and has be ...
Divergence of above- and belowground C and N
... hand-sorted and washed clean for lab analyses. It is often difficult to differentiate between the roots of different species, but it was perfectly doable to differentiate between the roots of the three target species in this study. Both S. grandis and S. bungeana are bunch-grasses and could be ident ...
... hand-sorted and washed clean for lab analyses. It is often difficult to differentiate between the roots of different species, but it was perfectly doable to differentiate between the roots of the three target species in this study. Both S. grandis and S. bungeana are bunch-grasses and could be ident ...
Effects of Competition, Predation, and Dispersal on Species
... (Cornell and Karlson 1997; Lawton 1999; Srivastava 1999; Gaston 2000). However, a number of studies have raised issues with the interpretation of these patterns, suggesting that explanations other than strong dispersal limitation and weak local interactions may be invoked to account for linear relat ...
... (Cornell and Karlson 1997; Lawton 1999; Srivastava 1999; Gaston 2000). However, a number of studies have raised issues with the interpretation of these patterns, suggesting that explanations other than strong dispersal limitation and weak local interactions may be invoked to account for linear relat ...
Seicercus and Phylloscopus the Old World leaf warblers ( The roles
... *[email protected] Electronic supplementary material is available at http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1098/rstb.2009.0269 or via http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org. One contribution of 11 to a Theme Issue ‘Genomics of speciation’. ...
... *[email protected] Electronic supplementary material is available at http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1098/rstb.2009.0269 or via http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org. One contribution of 11 to a Theme Issue ‘Genomics of speciation’. ...
Return of an Icon - Canadian Bison Association
... beetles, at the tunnel entrance, allows chicks the ability to hunt near safety. Burrows with dung have over 75% more insect biomass than those without dung. Dung in and around the burrow informs other owls that this tunnel is occupied – go somewhere else. ...
... beetles, at the tunnel entrance, allows chicks the ability to hunt near safety. Burrows with dung have over 75% more insect biomass than those without dung. Dung in and around the burrow informs other owls that this tunnel is occupied – go somewhere else. ...
The Natural History of Endemic Families and Subfamilies of Birds of
... In a general way, the different species that compose the seven groups have a tendency to be found either in spiny forests, evergreen forests, or deciduous forests. For example, among the ground-rollers, there is one species limited to the dry deciduous forests of the extreme southwest (Uratelornis ...
... In a general way, the different species that compose the seven groups have a tendency to be found either in spiny forests, evergreen forests, or deciduous forests. For example, among the ground-rollers, there is one species limited to the dry deciduous forests of the extreme southwest (Uratelornis ...
Mountain Cultures, Keystone Species
... and activities that represent a diversity of perspectives, as well as generate some level of consensus that would be useful for planning and implementing future activities. Given the constraints of time, language, availability and location group activities were not always possible to the extent that ...
... and activities that represent a diversity of perspectives, as well as generate some level of consensus that would be useful for planning and implementing future activities. Given the constraints of time, language, availability and location group activities were not always possible to the extent that ...
Ecological Consequences of Extinction
... majority of studies have found a positive but saturating relationship between richness and function, such that ecosystem function approaches its maximum level at some intermediate level of species richness (Schwartz et al., 2000). One explanation for this relationship is based on the ecosystem redun ...
... majority of studies have found a positive but saturating relationship between richness and function, such that ecosystem function approaches its maximum level at some intermediate level of species richness (Schwartz et al., 2000). One explanation for this relationship is based on the ecosystem redun ...
Trophically Unique Species Are Vulnerable to Cascading Extinction Linköping University Postprint
... scribed in “Model Communities” (excluding competition), which describes the variety and strength of feeding strategies of the species (fig. A1 in the online edition of the American Naturalist). These feeding strategies reflect traits such as searching speed, radius of sensory field of predators, deg ...
... scribed in “Model Communities” (excluding competition), which describes the variety and strength of feeding strategies of the species (fig. A1 in the online edition of the American Naturalist). These feeding strategies reflect traits such as searching speed, radius of sensory field of predators, deg ...
Evolution: the source of Earth`s biodiversity Genetic variation
... - A single species can generate multiple species • Allopatric speciation = species formation due to physical separation of populations - Can be separated by glaciers, rivers, mountains - The main mode of species creation Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... - A single species can generate multiple species • Allopatric speciation = species formation due to physical separation of populations - Can be separated by glaciers, rivers, mountains - The main mode of species creation Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Comparative ecology of seedling recruitment in an oligotrophic wet
... conditions, characterized by the day when half of the seeds had germinated, was also affected by chilling. Although differences were small in most species, in some species they were highly significant (Fig. 2). However, biological and statistical significance need not always correspond to each other ...
... conditions, characterized by the day when half of the seeds had germinated, was also affected by chilling. Although differences were small in most species, in some species they were highly significant (Fig. 2). However, biological and statistical significance need not always correspond to each other ...
Interspecific Competition in Plants: How Well Do Current Methods
... The simplest design is the pairwise (PW) experiment (fig. 1A), which consists of a single mixture repeated across a range of levels of a treatment factor (e.g., fertility). However, historically, many laboratory and field experiments were designed either as additive series (AS; e.g., Harper 1977; Mi ...
... The simplest design is the pairwise (PW) experiment (fig. 1A), which consists of a single mixture repeated across a range of levels of a treatment factor (e.g., fertility). However, historically, many laboratory and field experiments were designed either as additive series (AS; e.g., Harper 1977; Mi ...
MEEC2017_Abstracts
... Foragers tend to distribute themselves among habitat patches that provide the highest rates of return, given the presence of frequency-dependent competition and an absence of predation risk. This ideal free distribution, however, is highly susceptible to influence by predation risk. Models used to i ...
... Foragers tend to distribute themselves among habitat patches that provide the highest rates of return, given the presence of frequency-dependent competition and an absence of predation risk. This ideal free distribution, however, is highly susceptible to influence by predation risk. Models used to i ...
Community-wide character displacement in barnacles
... character displacement in feeding leg length in two distinct barnacle communities separated by nearly 1700 km. This is particularly unique because very few examples of character displacement exist at the taxonomic level of order (Schluter 2000a). Within each community, character displacement occurs ...
... character displacement in feeding leg length in two distinct barnacle communities separated by nearly 1700 km. This is particularly unique because very few examples of character displacement exist at the taxonomic level of order (Schluter 2000a). Within each community, character displacement occurs ...
Invasive species and biological invasions
... to the spread of diseases and parasites that could affect native turtles and other aquatic wildlife and carry diseases harmful to humans and many other species, such as Salmonella. For these different reasons, red-eared sliders are considered among the hundred worst invasive alien species in Europe. ...
... to the spread of diseases and parasites that could affect native turtles and other aquatic wildlife and carry diseases harmful to humans and many other species, such as Salmonella. For these different reasons, red-eared sliders are considered among the hundred worst invasive alien species in Europe. ...
Plasticity and trait-mediated indirect interactions among plants
... competition, allelopathy or facilitation (Pages and Michalet 2003; Callaway 2007; Callaway and Howard 2007), but these have received far less attention than the direct impacts that plants have on one another. This may be because plants are generally embedded within a matrix of many other plants, all ...
... competition, allelopathy or facilitation (Pages and Michalet 2003; Callaway 2007; Callaway and Howard 2007), but these have received far less attention than the direct impacts that plants have on one another. This may be because plants are generally embedded within a matrix of many other plants, all ...
Interspecific competition in metapopulations
... Duphnia magna (Straus), D . pufex (de Geer) and D . longispina (0.F. Muller) (henceforth abbreviated M, P and L, respectively), which coexist regionally along the coasts of Finland and Sweden (e.g. Ranta, 1979; Pajunen, 1986; Bengtsson, 1988). The niches of the species overlap widely along several n ...
... Duphnia magna (Straus), D . pufex (de Geer) and D . longispina (0.F. Muller) (henceforth abbreviated M, P and L, respectively), which coexist regionally along the coasts of Finland and Sweden (e.g. Ranta, 1979; Pajunen, 1986; Bengtsson, 1988). The niches of the species overlap widely along several n ...
Urban Vegetation
... trees, greenbelts in streets, green areas in parks, grasslands, and aquatic green spaces (Huang et al. 1990). More simply, some have divided urban vegetation into three types: relict (or remnant) natural communities retained as they were before urbanization, weed communities occupying new urban habi ...
... trees, greenbelts in streets, green areas in parks, grasslands, and aquatic green spaces (Huang et al. 1990). More simply, some have divided urban vegetation into three types: relict (or remnant) natural communities retained as they were before urbanization, weed communities occupying new urban habi ...
Riparian Habitat Management for Reptiles and Amphibians on
... and loss of aquatic habitat (Hall 1980). Herpetofauna are important in food chains and they make up large proportions of vertebrates in certain ecosystems (Bury and Raphael 1983). Information on amphibian and reptile abundance and diversity helps determine the relative health of ecosystems. For exam ...
... and loss of aquatic habitat (Hall 1980). Herpetofauna are important in food chains and they make up large proportions of vertebrates in certain ecosystems (Bury and Raphael 1983). Information on amphibian and reptile abundance and diversity helps determine the relative health of ecosystems. For exam ...
Gopher Tortoise - Cincinnati Zoo
... shovel-like movement and great power. Their tunnels slope downward from the surface and then usually level off underground, and may be up to 35 feet long and wide enough so that the animal may turn around at any point along its length. The burrow, which is a permanent home, is kept painstakingly fre ...
... shovel-like movement and great power. Their tunnels slope downward from the surface and then usually level off underground, and may be up to 35 feet long and wide enough so that the animal may turn around at any point along its length. The burrow, which is a permanent home, is kept painstakingly fre ...
ChiroSurveillance
... invasive species management strategies evolve with time since introduction management efficiency decreases over time Simberloff et al. 2013 ...
... invasive species management strategies evolve with time since introduction management efficiency decreases over time Simberloff et al. 2013 ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.