Fine-scale community and genetic structure are tightly linked in
... greater levels of species diversity observed in genetically diverse communities, Whitlock et al. [37] tracked the performance of individual genotypes of six species in these communities directly, using molecular markers. This work revealed that mean genotype abundance in all but one of these species ...
... greater levels of species diversity observed in genetically diverse communities, Whitlock et al. [37] tracked the performance of individual genotypes of six species in these communities directly, using molecular markers. This work revealed that mean genotype abundance in all but one of these species ...
From regional to global patterns in vertebrate scavenger
... large part of these anthropogenic food subsidies are provided as carrion, which is a high-quality resource (i.e. nutrient-rich food without consumers exerting energy to chase it; Wilson & Wolkovich, 2011). Thus, carrion predictable availability in nature is expected to affect different ecological le ...
... large part of these anthropogenic food subsidies are provided as carrion, which is a high-quality resource (i.e. nutrient-rich food without consumers exerting energy to chase it; Wilson & Wolkovich, 2011). Thus, carrion predictable availability in nature is expected to affect different ecological le ...
Jakub Horák: Introduction to Forest Protection Chapter 8: Beneficial
... There are known several species of trichogrammatid wasps (Trichogramma) that parasitize on eggs of bark beetles. Eulophid chalcid wasps like Entedon species are ovipositing into eggs and early instars of larvae of their prey. Pteromalid chalcid wasp Rhopalicus tutela is ectoparasitoid of larvae. The ...
... There are known several species of trichogrammatid wasps (Trichogramma) that parasitize on eggs of bark beetles. Eulophid chalcid wasps like Entedon species are ovipositing into eggs and early instars of larvae of their prey. Pteromalid chalcid wasp Rhopalicus tutela is ectoparasitoid of larvae. The ...
Frentz Reef 2013 Fine Scale Rocky Shore Monitoring
... Developing an understanding of the condition and risks to coastal habitats is critical to the management of biological resources. Importantly, the “Southland Coast - Te Waewae to the Catlins - Mapping, Risk Assessment and Monitoring” report (Robertson and Stevens 2008) identified a low-moderate risk ...
... Developing an understanding of the condition and risks to coastal habitats is critical to the management of biological resources. Importantly, the “Southland Coast - Te Waewae to the Catlins - Mapping, Risk Assessment and Monitoring” report (Robertson and Stevens 2008) identified a low-moderate risk ...
Edge effect on carabid assemblages along forest
... Magura, T., Tóthmérész, B. and Molnár, T. 2001. Edge effect on carabid assemblages along forest-grass transects. – Web Ecol. 2: 7–13. During 1997 and 1998, we have tested the edge-effect for carabids along oak-hornbeam forest-grass transects using pitfall traps in Hungary. Our hypothesis was that th ...
... Magura, T., Tóthmérész, B. and Molnár, T. 2001. Edge effect on carabid assemblages along forest-grass transects. – Web Ecol. 2: 7–13. During 1997 and 1998, we have tested the edge-effect for carabids along oak-hornbeam forest-grass transects using pitfall traps in Hungary. Our hypothesis was that th ...
Study Guide for Final
... understand the significance of these to demographers. Be able to use age structure diagrams to predict future size of a population. 10. Understand geometric growth curves. Understand and be able to explain exponential and logistic growth curves and the factors that affect each. Understand and be ab ...
... understand the significance of these to demographers. Be able to use age structure diagrams to predict future size of a population. 10. Understand geometric growth curves. Understand and be able to explain exponential and logistic growth curves and the factors that affect each. Understand and be ab ...
Attributes of Himalayan Forest Ecosystems: They are not Temperate
... principal forest types in Himalayas are dominated by evergreen trees with about one year leaf life span (e-leaf type), which include as dissimilar genera as Shorea, Pinus and Quercus. Though several taxa are common with temperate forests, functionally Himalayan forest ecosystems have values closer t ...
... principal forest types in Himalayas are dominated by evergreen trees with about one year leaf life span (e-leaf type), which include as dissimilar genera as Shorea, Pinus and Quercus. Though several taxa are common with temperate forests, functionally Himalayan forest ecosystems have values closer t ...
American Scientist - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... time immemorial; after all, it’s pretty obvious when you’re tripping over nuts strewn all over the path some years and you find barely one or two in others. In agrarian communities, farmers would have been especially aware of the boom and bust cycle because they fed acorns to livestock. Although rec ...
... time immemorial; after all, it’s pretty obvious when you’re tripping over nuts strewn all over the path some years and you find barely one or two in others. In agrarian communities, farmers would have been especially aware of the boom and bust cycle because they fed acorns to livestock. Although rec ...
SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY, NOT VISITATION BIAS, DOMINATES VARIATION IN HERBIVORY K L. B
... Experimental methods The experiment was conducted in grasslands of three states: Minnesota, Nebraska, and South Carolina, USA. Within each state, five plant species that were common enough to study were identified. In total, 14 different species representing six families were used for the entire stu ...
... Experimental methods The experiment was conducted in grasslands of three states: Minnesota, Nebraska, and South Carolina, USA. Within each state, five plant species that were common enough to study were identified. In total, 14 different species representing six families were used for the entire stu ...
Death of a snake Philodryas nattereri (Squamata: Dipsadidae) after
... species distributed throughout the Americas and the West Indies (Hedges, Couloux and Vidal, 2009; Zaher et al., 2009; Vidal, Dewynter and Gower, 2010). In Brazil this family represents 63.5% of the Ophidia group, with 245 species (Bérnils and Costa, 2012). There are currently 13 species of Brazilian ...
... species distributed throughout the Americas and the West Indies (Hedges, Couloux and Vidal, 2009; Zaher et al., 2009; Vidal, Dewynter and Gower, 2010). In Brazil this family represents 63.5% of the Ophidia group, with 245 species (Bérnils and Costa, 2012). There are currently 13 species of Brazilian ...
Classifying Threats to Biodiversity
... freshwater fauna based on information presented in COSEWIC status reports. In North America, extinction rates for freshwater fauna are five times higher than those for terrestrial groups (Ricciardi and Rasmussen, 1999). The introduction of alien invasive species was second to habitat loss as primary ...
... freshwater fauna based on information presented in COSEWIC status reports. In North America, extinction rates for freshwater fauna are five times higher than those for terrestrial groups (Ricciardi and Rasmussen, 1999). The introduction of alien invasive species was second to habitat loss as primary ...
The Editorial Committee of the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution
... (Kardol et al. 2006). In general, global change effects on soil biota are relatively well predictable ...
... (Kardol et al. 2006). In general, global change effects on soil biota are relatively well predictable ...
Fauna Technical Note No. 18 Threatened frogs 1
... 2. Green and gold frog (Litoria raniformis) In Tasmania, the green and golden frog once occurred broadly across northern and eastern Tasmania. It has and is continuing to disappear from much of its former range, particularly in northwest, central and southern Tasmania (TSS 2007, as cited in FPA and ...
... 2. Green and gold frog (Litoria raniformis) In Tasmania, the green and golden frog once occurred broadly across northern and eastern Tasmania. It has and is continuing to disappear from much of its former range, particularly in northwest, central and southern Tasmania (TSS 2007, as cited in FPA and ...
Origin matters: alien consumers inflict greater damage on prey
... following keywords: introduced species, alien species, nonindigenous species, non-native species, colonizing species or exotic species; we then combined that search with one using the keywords predat*, herbivore* or prey. To obtain more studies involving native consumers and native prey, we conducte ...
... following keywords: introduced species, alien species, nonindigenous species, non-native species, colonizing species or exotic species; we then combined that search with one using the keywords predat*, herbivore* or prey. To obtain more studies involving native consumers and native prey, we conducte ...
Characterization of the thermal tolerances of forest ants of New England
... Lasius nearcticus, which had a thermal tolerance of 36°C, with no variation among individuals. Due to observed differences among subfamilies, subsequent analysis examined variation of species traits at the subfamily level. In Myrmicinae, we found a quadratic relationship between Weber’s length and t ...
... Lasius nearcticus, which had a thermal tolerance of 36°C, with no variation among individuals. Due to observed differences among subfamilies, subsequent analysis examined variation of species traits at the subfamily level. In Myrmicinae, we found a quadratic relationship between Weber’s length and t ...
The influence of connectivity on richness and temporal variation of
... did not consider tidal phases. All surveys were conducted by a single diver (J.B.) with extensive training in under water fish identification, including small and cryptic species (Belmaker et al. 2007, 2008; Belmaker 2009). All fishes that swam within a distance of 0.5 m from the ARs were recorded, ...
... did not consider tidal phases. All surveys were conducted by a single diver (J.B.) with extensive training in under water fish identification, including small and cryptic species (Belmaker et al. 2007, 2008; Belmaker 2009). All fishes that swam within a distance of 0.5 m from the ARs were recorded, ...
A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, "a
... threatened millions of hectares of prime grain and grazing land in North America after it was accidentally introduced, but was reduced to a rare roadside weed within several years after some of its natural enemies were imported during World War II.[7] In locations where predation and mutually compet ...
... threatened millions of hectares of prime grain and grazing land in North America after it was accidentally introduced, but was reduced to a rare roadside weed within several years after some of its natural enemies were imported during World War II.[7] In locations where predation and mutually compet ...
Effects of wave exposure on
... community diversity should be low in benign habitats, as most species are excluded by the competitive dominants; and (3) maximal community diversity should occur at intermediate conditions, as neither competition nor disturbance exert a dominating influence. In general, data support the intermediate ...
... community diversity should be low in benign habitats, as most species are excluded by the competitive dominants; and (3) maximal community diversity should occur at intermediate conditions, as neither competition nor disturbance exert a dominating influence. In general, data support the intermediate ...
Biodiversity Loss Threatens Human Well-Being
... [21] further illustrates this point. Ecological surprises are difficult to predict, since they usually involve novel interactions among species. They most often result from introductions of predators, herbivores, pathogens ...
... [21] further illustrates this point. Ecological surprises are difficult to predict, since they usually involve novel interactions among species. They most often result from introductions of predators, herbivores, pathogens ...
Plant Species Diversity and Management of Temperate Forage and
... culus acris L.). Most of the weedy grasses and forbs were typical of low soil fertility conditions (Cooper et al., 1929). A recent survey also showed dominance by Poa and white clover in northeastern grazing lands (Tracy and Sanderson, 2000); however, the dominant weedy species included quackgrass [ ...
... culus acris L.). Most of the weedy grasses and forbs were typical of low soil fertility conditions (Cooper et al., 1929). A recent survey also showed dominance by Poa and white clover in northeastern grazing lands (Tracy and Sanderson, 2000); however, the dominant weedy species included quackgrass [ ...
Chromosome numbers in wild and semidomesticated Brazilian
... as man probably selected, consciously or not, nondeciduous pendant fruits. The change from erect to pendant fruits could have been due to the increase in fruit size and weight selected for in the domesticated forms. Such fruits, hidden among the leaves, would also be protected against predation by b ...
... as man probably selected, consciously or not, nondeciduous pendant fruits. The change from erect to pendant fruits could have been due to the increase in fruit size and weight selected for in the domesticated forms. Such fruits, hidden among the leaves, would also be protected against predation by b ...
Asymmetric larval interactions between introduced and indigenous
... studied interactions at both high and low availability of aphid prey (on each day of the experiment, the pair of predators was transferred to a new Petri dish stocked with either 20 or five adult pea aphids). Thus, we studied a total of 44 treatment combinations (six species combinations×four or thr ...
... studied interactions at both high and low availability of aphid prey (on each day of the experiment, the pair of predators was transferred to a new Petri dish stocked with either 20 or five adult pea aphids). Thus, we studied a total of 44 treatment combinations (six species combinations×four or thr ...
Edge type defines alien plant species invasions along Pinus
... Euskirchen et al., 2001). Other natural and anthropogenic edges types such as forest road edges or burn forest edges would be expected to show distinct edge responses due to their unique structure and landscape context, yet few studies have directly ...
... Euskirchen et al., 2001). Other natural and anthropogenic edges types such as forest road edges or burn forest edges would be expected to show distinct edge responses due to their unique structure and landscape context, yet few studies have directly ...
Distribution pattern of the green alga Codium fragile (Suringar
... its native range in Korea. There were two distinct patterns for Codium spp. within their native habitat. In undisturbed communities, Codium species were members of the understory assemblage below the dominant canopy species. In disturbed habitats where native algae have been harvested for food, the ...
... its native range in Korea. There were two distinct patterns for Codium spp. within their native habitat. In undisturbed communities, Codium species were members of the understory assemblage below the dominant canopy species. In disturbed habitats where native algae have been harvested for food, the ...
Genetic identity of interspecific neighbours mediates plant
... individuals representing three species: one individual of Campanula in the pot centre, two individuals of the same Carex genotype (on either side of the pot centre midway along the pot radius) and two individuals of a Koeleria genotype (along an axis perpendicular to Carex individuals). In each pot ...
... individuals representing three species: one individual of Campanula in the pot centre, two individuals of the same Carex genotype (on either side of the pot centre midway along the pot radius) and two individuals of a Koeleria genotype (along an axis perpendicular to Carex individuals). In each pot ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.