Spider Ecophysiology - Preamble - Beck-Shop
... Spiders are among the most successful groups of terrestrial organisms. With more than 42,000 species, spiders are the most numerous predacious arthropod group, only seconded by some insect families such as carabids’ beetles or ants. This gives spiders, omnipresent in all terrestrial habitats, a key ...
... Spiders are among the most successful groups of terrestrial organisms. With more than 42,000 species, spiders are the most numerous predacious arthropod group, only seconded by some insect families such as carabids’ beetles or ants. This gives spiders, omnipresent in all terrestrial habitats, a key ...
Changes in plant community composition, not diversity, during a
... 1990). To measure the amount of extra-radical fungal hyphae in the soil, hypha was isolated from the soil and standing crop was quantified using mesh in-growth cores (Wallander et al. 2001; van Diepen et al. 2010). Hyphal in-growth bags were constructed from nylon mesh (50lm mesh, 10 9 5 9 2 cm; Sefa ...
... 1990). To measure the amount of extra-radical fungal hyphae in the soil, hypha was isolated from the soil and standing crop was quantified using mesh in-growth cores (Wallander et al. 2001; van Diepen et al. 2010). Hyphal in-growth bags were constructed from nylon mesh (50lm mesh, 10 9 5 9 2 cm; Sefa ...
Niche differentiation, rarity, and commonness in the Australian White
... this involved the release and subsequent spool mapping of 3-4 adults at the same time. There were indications of temporal partitioning of habitat with sexes seldom crossing paths on the nights they were spooled. Figure 6.6 presents the mapping of three spooled adult U. hadrourus on 7 September 2005. ...
... this involved the release and subsequent spool mapping of 3-4 adults at the same time. There were indications of temporal partitioning of habitat with sexes seldom crossing paths on the nights they were spooled. Figure 6.6 presents the mapping of three spooled adult U. hadrourus on 7 September 2005. ...
Polyp
... – zooxanthellae found in closely related coral species not necessarily closely related themselves – zooxanthellae found in distantly related coral species may, in fact, be closely related – may have multiple species in same coral ...
... – zooxanthellae found in closely related coral species not necessarily closely related themselves – zooxanthellae found in distantly related coral species may, in fact, be closely related – may have multiple species in same coral ...
From DarwinPs Origin of Species toward a theory of natural history
... Darwin is the father of evolutionary theory because he identified evolutionary patterns and, with Natural Selection, he ascertained the exquisitely ecological ultimate processes that lead to evolution. The proximate processes of evolution he proposed, however, predated the discovery of genetics, the ...
... Darwin is the father of evolutionary theory because he identified evolutionary patterns and, with Natural Selection, he ascertained the exquisitely ecological ultimate processes that lead to evolution. The proximate processes of evolution he proposed, however, predated the discovery of genetics, the ...
Interspecific information transfer influences animal community
... join and initiate mobbing might be related to the vulnerability of the species to predation [21,23]. Thus, interspecific information influences the organization as well as the presence of mixed-species groups, a theme we will return to in discussing stable mixed-species groups as well. Information a ...
... join and initiate mobbing might be related to the vulnerability of the species to predation [21,23]. Thus, interspecific information influences the organization as well as the presence of mixed-species groups, a theme we will return to in discussing stable mixed-species groups as well. Information a ...
Oviposition preference and life history traits in cactophilic Drosophila
... The objective of the present paper is to characterize the patterns of host plant utilization of D. buzzatii and D. koepferae by means of the study of dierential attraction to and emergence from two dierent host plants in the ®eld. In addition, we analyze in culture media prepared with rotting mate ...
... The objective of the present paper is to characterize the patterns of host plant utilization of D. buzzatii and D. koepferae by means of the study of dierential attraction to and emergence from two dierent host plants in the ®eld. In addition, we analyze in culture media prepared with rotting mate ...
Gastropoda Cypraeoidea
... As mentioned, cowries also colonized the Atlantic, although their species richness is much lower in this Ocean. Most likely, this colonization was rather old, since at present the cold currents of South West America (Humboldt Current) and South West Africa (Benguela Current) are evidently a strong b ...
... As mentioned, cowries also colonized the Atlantic, although their species richness is much lower in this Ocean. Most likely, this colonization was rather old, since at present the cold currents of South West America (Humboldt Current) and South West Africa (Benguela Current) are evidently a strong b ...
Herbivores Promote Habitat Specialization by Trees in Amazonian
... clay and white-sand specialist trees. Although other factors certainly influence habitat specialization at other stages of a tree’s life (such as seed predation, the ability to tolerate falling debris, root morphology, etc.), herbivores appear to have primary importance at the seedling stage, and in ...
... clay and white-sand specialist trees. Although other factors certainly influence habitat specialization at other stages of a tree’s life (such as seed predation, the ability to tolerate falling debris, root morphology, etc.), herbivores appear to have primary importance at the seedling stage, and in ...
Demographic drivers of successional changes in phylogenetic
... categorical variable defining species as second-growth specialists or old-growth specialists. To do so, we assessed whether early-successional species tended to be more closely related than expected by chance, and latesuccessional species more distantly related than expected by chance. Because the pi ...
... categorical variable defining species as second-growth specialists or old-growth specialists. To do so, we assessed whether early-successional species tended to be more closely related than expected by chance, and latesuccessional species more distantly related than expected by chance. Because the pi ...
Investigations of species richness effects on ecosystem functioning
... Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (BD-EF) A number of problems with experimental designs, statistics, interpretations of results and definitions of ambiguous terms have been brought to the surface in the field of BD-EF over the past decade (see Loreau et al. 2001, 2002, for reviews). I will di ...
... Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (BD-EF) A number of problems with experimental designs, statistics, interpretations of results and definitions of ambiguous terms have been brought to the surface in the field of BD-EF over the past decade (see Loreau et al. 2001, 2002, for reviews). I will di ...
Edge type defines alien plant species invasions along
... forest edges are a common feature in the landscape with anthropogenic (e.g. roadside, clearcut) and natural (e.g. burned, windthrown) edge types. In this paper we examine patterns of alien species invasion and native community structure across three forest edge types in Pinus contorta forests includ ...
... forest edges are a common feature in the landscape with anthropogenic (e.g. roadside, clearcut) and natural (e.g. burned, windthrown) edge types. In this paper we examine patterns of alien species invasion and native community structure across three forest edge types in Pinus contorta forests includ ...
Convergent Lady Beetles
... no doubt been due (at least partially) to the ease of collecting and storing this species. The life span of H. convergens is one year. Eggs, which are laid in the spring, develop into darkish gray larvae with orange spots. These soft-bodied, carrotshaped, spiny larvae appear quite unlike the round, ...
... no doubt been due (at least partially) to the ease of collecting and storing this species. The life span of H. convergens is one year. Eggs, which are laid in the spring, develop into darkish gray larvae with orange spots. These soft-bodied, carrotshaped, spiny larvae appear quite unlike the round, ...
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... Each month the fykes were left in place for four consecutive tidal cycles. In October 2001 however only three tides were sampled. The fishes were collected immediately after the water receded, anaesthetized with benzocaine to prevent regurgitation of food and fixed in 7% formaline. In the laboratory ...
... Each month the fykes were left in place for four consecutive tidal cycles. In October 2001 however only three tides were sampled. The fishes were collected immediately after the water receded, anaesthetized with benzocaine to prevent regurgitation of food and fixed in 7% formaline. In the laboratory ...
Common Name: TALLAPOOSA CRAYFISH Scientific Name
... opportunistic omnivores and are likely to feed on live and decaying vegetation, aquatic insect larvae, small fishes, and dead animal matter. Life History: Stream dwelling crayfishes typically hide during the day and come out at night to feed. Reproduction usually occurs during the spring and fall, b ...
... opportunistic omnivores and are likely to feed on live and decaying vegetation, aquatic insect larvae, small fishes, and dead animal matter. Life History: Stream dwelling crayfishes typically hide during the day and come out at night to feed. Reproduction usually occurs during the spring and fall, b ...
3: Ascension Introduction Atlantic Ocean
... of any such lands shall be valid without the consent of the Governor.” Under this section the Governor may withhold consent for the use of certain tracks or in order to protect nesting sea turtles. Consent may be withheld at all times or for short periods. No sand mining is permitted at any of the b ...
... of any such lands shall be valid without the consent of the Governor.” Under this section the Governor may withhold consent for the use of certain tracks or in order to protect nesting sea turtles. Consent may be withheld at all times or for short periods. No sand mining is permitted at any of the b ...
Dynamics of ecological communities in variable environments
... The environment that affects the population dynamics of species is naturally variable and unpredictable. Usually there is a wide spectrum of environmental variables that can change both temporally and spatially, such as climatic factors (Ruokolainen et al. 2009). Variation in the environment can aff ...
... The environment that affects the population dynamics of species is naturally variable and unpredictable. Usually there is a wide spectrum of environmental variables that can change both temporally and spatially, such as climatic factors (Ruokolainen et al. 2009). Variation in the environment can aff ...
Spatio-temporal community dynamics induced by frequency
... Because spatial structure in communities can have dramatic impacts on plant community dynamics (Czárán and Bartha, 1992; Herben et al., 2000), there has been an increasing recognition of the need for spatially explicit models of ecological interactions (Balzter et al., 1998; Berec, 2002; Wu and Ma ...
... Because spatial structure in communities can have dramatic impacts on plant community dynamics (Czárán and Bartha, 1992; Herben et al., 2000), there has been an increasing recognition of the need for spatially explicit models of ecological interactions (Balzter et al., 1998; Berec, 2002; Wu and Ma ...
Hidden responses to environmental variation: maternal
... number, whereas maternal effects manifest through changes to seed quality, such as seed size. These differences in seed size often confer advantages in early growth, survival and competitive ability among species (Leishman 2001; Moles & Westoby 2002, 2004), and have been shown to change the fitness ...
... number, whereas maternal effects manifest through changes to seed quality, such as seed size. These differences in seed size often confer advantages in early growth, survival and competitive ability among species (Leishman 2001; Moles & Westoby 2002, 2004), and have been shown to change the fitness ...
assessment
... Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and possibly extended north along the east coast into Queensland, the remnant of this population now being accepted as Bettongia tropica. Woylies also occurred on Saint Francis and St Peter Islands, South Australia (Robinson et al. 1996). Burbidge et al. (200 ...
... Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and possibly extended north along the east coast into Queensland, the remnant of this population now being accepted as Bettongia tropica. Woylies also occurred on Saint Francis and St Peter Islands, South Australia (Robinson et al. 1996). Burbidge et al. (200 ...
Evolutionary determinants of morphological polymorphism
... 1977). Polymorphic zooids within a single colony may differ more from each other than even the most extreme members of discrete social insect castes (Wilson 1975). Moreover, the number and frequency of different types of polymorphs can vary from colony to colony both within and among species. The va ...
... 1977). Polymorphic zooids within a single colony may differ more from each other than even the most extreme members of discrete social insect castes (Wilson 1975). Moreover, the number and frequency of different types of polymorphs can vary from colony to colony both within and among species. The va ...
Persist or Produce: A Community Trade-Off Tuned by Species
... the niche overlap matrix a (eq. [2]). The two coordinates of each species were sampled uniformly between 0 and 1. The niche width was chosen such that the average interspecific niche overlap was within the range [0:05, 0:3]. The results are qualitatively robust to changes in the dimension of the nich ...
... the niche overlap matrix a (eq. [2]). The two coordinates of each species were sampled uniformly between 0 and 1. The niche width was chosen such that the average interspecific niche overlap was within the range [0:05, 0:3]. The results are qualitatively robust to changes in the dimension of the nich ...
Fine-scale community and genetic structure are tightly linked in
... greater levels of species diversity observed in genetically diverse communities, Whitlock et al. [37] tracked the performance of individual genotypes of six species in these communities directly, using molecular markers. This work revealed that mean genotype abundance in all but one of these species ...
... greater levels of species diversity observed in genetically diverse communities, Whitlock et al. [37] tracked the performance of individual genotypes of six species in these communities directly, using molecular markers. This work revealed that mean genotype abundance in all but one of these species ...
Middle Rio Grande Basin
... list. Woody debris and other plant litter, no longer washed away by floods, accumulated in the bosque, changing the landscape and the habitats, and setting the stage for potentially catastrophic fires. Such fires could cause even further damage; they could destroy the remaining native cottonwoods, c ...
... list. Woody debris and other plant litter, no longer washed away by floods, accumulated in the bosque, changing the landscape and the habitats, and setting the stage for potentially catastrophic fires. Such fires could cause even further damage; they could destroy the remaining native cottonwoods, c ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.