PART 1 OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 4.1 INTRODUCTION
... As observed several times, Pluto and Eris do not fit into either of the major planet categories and could in fact be classified together as very small, low mass, icy-rocky objects (thus their medium density) that are very far from the Sun. These are precisely the characteristics of the objects in wh ...
... As observed several times, Pluto and Eris do not fit into either of the major planet categories and could in fact be classified together as very small, low mass, icy-rocky objects (thus their medium density) that are very far from the Sun. These are precisely the characteristics of the objects in wh ...
Moro_Martin`s Talk - CIERA
... a protostar is formed (no fusion yet). By conservation of angular momentum, what is left of the cloud rotates with the protostar and begins to flatten into a circumstellar disk. Some of this dust and gas accretes onto the protostar adding to its mass. ...
... a protostar is formed (no fusion yet). By conservation of angular momentum, what is left of the cloud rotates with the protostar and begins to flatten into a circumstellar disk. Some of this dust and gas accretes onto the protostar adding to its mass. ...
transit observations of new planets
... As stated in the Discussion Sheet, if a planet has an atmosphere and has a temperature where liquid water could exist we would consider it “habitable”. Why do we choose to define “habitable” this way? Well, what are the two most important things necessary to your immediate existence? If you said Ai ...
... As stated in the Discussion Sheet, if a planet has an atmosphere and has a temperature where liquid water could exist we would consider it “habitable”. Why do we choose to define “habitable” this way? Well, what are the two most important things necessary to your immediate existence? If you said Ai ...
Homework #2 1. There are two ways to estimate the energy carried
... L ≈ 0.2L (M/M )4/7 (R/R )2 . In lecture we showed that moderately massive stars become radiative well before they reach the main sequence. c) Does the transition from convective to radiative first happen at the center of the star or the outside (i.e., is the transition inside-out or outside-in)? ...
... L ≈ 0.2L (M/M )4/7 (R/R )2 . In lecture we showed that moderately massive stars become radiative well before they reach the main sequence. c) Does the transition from convective to radiative first happen at the center of the star or the outside (i.e., is the transition inside-out or outside-in)? ...
Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan
... Summary of Chapter 15 • The solar system is orderly, not random; need formation theory that explains this. • Condensation theory is the current favorite—large cloud of interstellar gas and dust starts to collapse, the Sun forms at the center, and dust particles act as accretion nuclei to form the p ...
... Summary of Chapter 15 • The solar system is orderly, not random; need formation theory that explains this. • Condensation theory is the current favorite—large cloud of interstellar gas and dust starts to collapse, the Sun forms at the center, and dust particles act as accretion nuclei to form the p ...
Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool
... planets relates to the trapping of atmosphere and/or water on their night sides28. Nevertheless, the relatively large equilibrium temperatures of TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c would probably prevent such trapping27. In contrast, TRAPPIST-1d orbits within or beyond the habitable zone of the star, its m ...
... planets relates to the trapping of atmosphere and/or water on their night sides28. Nevertheless, the relatively large equilibrium temperatures of TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c would probably prevent such trapping27. In contrast, TRAPPIST-1d orbits within or beyond the habitable zone of the star, its m ...
Circumstellar habitable zone
In astronomy and astrobiology, the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), or simply the habitable zone, is the region around a star within which planetary-mass objects with sufficient atmospheric pressure can support liquid water at their surfaces. The bounds of the CHZ are calculated using the known requirements of Earth's biosphere, its position in the Solar System and the amount of radiant energy it receives from the Sun. Due to the importance of liquid water to life as it exists on Earth, the nature of the CHZ and the objects within is believed to be instrumental in determining the scope and distribution of Earth-like extraterrestrial life and intelligence.The habitable zone is also called the Goldilocks zone, a metaphor of the children's fairy tale of Goldilocks and the Three Bears, in which a little girl chooses from sets of three items, ignoring the ones that are too extreme (large or small, hot or cold, etc.), and settling on the one in the middle, which is ""just right"".Since the concept was first presented in 1953, stars have been confirmed to possess a CHZ planet, including some systems that consist of multiple CHZ planets. Most such planets, being super-Earths or gas giants, are more massive than Earth, because such planets are easier to detect. On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs in the Milky Way. 11 billion of these may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists. The CHZ is also of particular interest to the emerging field of habitability of natural satellites, because planetary-mass moons in the CHZ might outnumber planets.In subsequent decades, the CHZ concept began to be challenged as a primary criterion for life. Since the discovery of evidence for extraterrestrial liquid water, substantial quantities of it are now believed to occur outside the circumstellar habitable zone. Sustained by other energy sources, such as tidal heating or radioactive decay or pressurized by other non-atmospheric means, the basic conditions for water-dependent life may be found even in interstellar space, on rogue planets, or their moons. In addition, other circumstellar zones, where non-water solvents favorable to hypothetical life based on alternative biochemistries could exist in liquid form at the surface, have been proposed.