• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Fichamento do artigo: PANGARO, Paul. Cybernetics, A Definition
Fichamento do artigo: PANGARO, Paul. Cybernetics, A Definition

... of building "intelligent machines" finally caught up with it. These difficulties in AI led to renewed search for solutions that mirror prior approaches of cybernetics. Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts were the first to propose a synthesis of neurophysiology and logic that tied the capabilities of b ...
Reports on the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial
Reports on the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial

... oral presentations and a 45-minute group discussion. All the selected papers were peer reviewed by members of the program committee. The speakers and participants represented several countries; diverse backgrounds that included academic, industrial, and defense agencies; and varying areas of experti ...
two per page - University of Waterloo
two per page - University of Waterloo

... – Samuel’s checker program, Newell and Simon’s Logic Theorist, Gerlenter’s Geometry Engine ...
Reports on the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial
Reports on the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial

... oral presentations and a 45-minute group discussion. All the selected papers were peer reviewed by members of the program committee. The speakers and participants represented several countries; diverse backgrounds that included academic, industrial, and defense agencies; and varying areas of experti ...
without teaching statement
without teaching statement

course-file-soft-computing
course-file-soft-computing

... 8. What is the classification of training? Supervised and unsupervised. 9. What is supervised training? Training is accomplished by presenting a sequence of training vectors or patterns, each with an associated target output vector. The weights are adjusted according to the learning algorithm. This ...
Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems

...  Company background  Problem description  Proposed solution  Results  Answer and discuss the case questions ...
Digital Steganalysis: Computational Intelligence Approach
Digital Steganalysis: Computational Intelligence Approach

... collection of soft computing techniques in computer science, engineering, natural language processing and some business disciplines, contrasting it with classical artificial intelligence. It is a very young discipline compared with other disciplines such as philosophy, neurobiology, evolutionary bio ...
Cognitive Architectures And Their Uses In Psychology
Cognitive Architectures And Their Uses In Psychology

... you can predict what methods are available to the subject. This injunction sums the general intention of computational psychology. If behavior is programmable, under the control of the subject as means to ends, then behavior is predictable, given realistic constraints and if the parameters of the si ...
An Expert System Approach for determine the stage of UiTM Perlis
An Expert System Approach for determine the stage of UiTM Perlis

... technical knowledge and concepts of artificial intelligence (AI). Expert systems have provided solutions to multiple problems in companies of all types [2]. However, developing an expert system based on these tools becomes a very difficult task for users without specific training in small and medium ...
PPT
PPT

... • It provides us with a familiar, non-technical way of understanding and explaining agents without the need to understand the underlying mechanism. • It gives us the potential to specify systems that include representations of other systems. • It allows us to give a very abstract specification and l ...
Introduction - The MIT Press
Introduction - The MIT Press

... artificial intelligence . Recently , machine learning research has begun to payoff in various ways: solid theoretical foundations are being established; machine learning methods are being successfully integrated with powerful performance systems; and practical applications based on the more establis ...
The Third International Conference on Case
The Third International Conference on Case

... CBR Strategies for Building and Maintaining Corporate Memories’’ was also concerned with the business environment but focused instead on methodologies for knowledge management. “Formalization of Adaptation in CBR’’ addressed the most complex aspect of CBR: adaptation of prior solutions to solve new ...
Master of Science (Computer Science)
Master of Science (Computer Science)

... The demand on IT higher education has witnessed an astonishing increase in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and worldwide, which is derived by many factors related to the continuous and ever-increasing competition from educational institutes and IT industries to attract IT professionals from all over ...
ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Magnifico: A Platform For Expert Mining Using Metadata
Magnifico: A Platform For Expert Mining Using Metadata

... we increase its term frequency (TF) value in all subdisciplines of the particular publication, weighted by the probability of the corresponding sub-discipline we get from the probability vector. After going through all the publications, a probability matrix is generated, revealing the term frequency ...
The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence
The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence

... Artificial intelligence, or AI, is a cross-disciplinary approach to understanding, modeling, and creating intelligence of various forms. It is a critical branch of cognitive science, and its influence is increasingly being felt in other areas, including the humanities. AI applications are transformi ...
Understanding Computers, 11/e, Chapter 12
Understanding Computers, 11/e, Chapter 12

... user’s work environment more efficient or entertaining and that typically modifies its behavior based on the user’s actions  Application assistants  Search agents  Shopping bots  Entertainment bots  Chatterbots Understanding Computers, 11th Edition ...
PDF
PDF

Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks The
Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks The

... to programme these machines to play the game. At my present rate of working I produce about a thousand digits of programme a day, so that about sixty workers, working steadily through fifty years might accomplish the job, if nothing went into the wastepaper basket.” The time to construct a machine w ...
Components of KBS
Components of KBS

... The possibility to justify the decisions taken during the resolution process gives credibility to the system It allows also to detect wrong assumptions or decisions during the process A system should be able to answer why and how Different levels of explanation: Trace: A list of the steps of the res ...
Ray and the Dartmouth Summer of 56
Ray and the Dartmouth Summer of 56

... project.[24] McCarthy pressed ahead to prepare a proposal for the summer. He was enthusiastically joined by Shannon, Marvin Minsky, and Nat Rochester. On September 2, 1955, the four sent a proposal to the Rockefeller Foundation: “We propose that a 2 month, 10 man study of artificial intelligence be ...
Company Name
Company Name

... Email Address: [email protected] Purpose: The complete management and technology solution. They have experience in conventional expert systems as well as real-time expert systems. Location: Canada History: Founded in 1975 Address: 1510 Riverside Drive, Ste 407, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 4X5 Contacts ...
26 Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of
26 Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of

... program that knows. The correctness of our philosophical system will be testedby numerous comparisons between the beliefs of the program and our own observations and knowledge. (This point of view corresponds to the presently dominant attitude towards thefoundations of mathematics. We study the stru ...
Creativity in Configuring Affective Agents for Interactive Storytelling
Creativity in Configuring Affective Agents for Interactive Storytelling

... on behaviour based on the deviation from set-points. Further affective architectures are built on top of cognitive architectures that in themselves provide a wide range of possibilities for configuring individual differences in terms of inner states. An example is Soar and the emotion models based o ...
< 1 ... 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 ... 143 >

AI winter

In the history of artificial intelligence, an AI winter is a period of reduced funding and interest in artificial intelligence research. The term was coined by analogy to the idea of a nuclear winter. The field has experienced several hype cycles, followed by disappointment and criticism, followed by funding cuts, followed by renewed interest years or decades later. There were two major winters in 1974–80 and 1987–93 and several smaller episodes, including: 1966: the failure of machine translation, 1970: the abandonment of connectionism, 1971–75: DARPA's frustration with the Speech Understanding Research program at Carnegie Mellon University, 1973: the large decrease in AI research in the United Kingdom in response to the Lighthill report, 1973–74: DARPA's cutbacks to academic AI research in general, 1987: the collapse of the Lisp machine market, 1988: the cancellation of new spending on AI by the Strategic Computing Initiative, 1993: expert systems slowly reaching the bottom, and 1990s: the quiet disappearance of the fifth-generation computer project's original goals.The term first appeared in 1984 as the topic of a public debate at the annual meeting of AAAI (then called the ""American Association of Artificial Intelligence""). It is a chain reaction that begins with pessimism in the AI community, followed by pessimism in the press, followed by a severe cutback in funding, followed by the end of serious research. At the meeting, Roger Schank and Marvin Minsky—two leading AI researchers who had survived the ""winter"" of the 1970s—warned the business community that enthusiasm for AI had spiraled out of control in the '80s and that disappointment would certainly follow. Three years later, the billion-dollar AI industry began to collapse.Hypes are common in many emerging technologies, such as the railway mania or the dot-com bubble. An AI winter is primarily a collapse in the perception of AI by government bureaucrats and venture capitalists. Despite the rise and fall of AI's reputation, it has continued to develop new and successful technologies. AI researcher Rodney Brooks would complain in 2002 that ""there's this stupid myth out there that AI has failed, but AI is around you every second of the day."" In 2005, Ray Kurzweil agreed: ""Many observers still think that the AI winter was the end of the story and that nothing since has come of the AI field. Yet today many thousands of AI applications are deeply embedded in the infrastructure of every industry."" He added: ""the AI winter is long since over.""
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report