chapter48
... For every three Na+ pumped out of the cell, two K+ are pumped in. More positive ions are pumped out than in. Neurons have three types of ion channels: 1. Ungated or passive ion channels, which are generally open. E.g., Na+, K+, Cl- and Ca2+ 2. Voltage activated ion channels are kept closed and respo ...
... For every three Na+ pumped out of the cell, two K+ are pumped in. More positive ions are pumped out than in. Neurons have three types of ion channels: 1. Ungated or passive ion channels, which are generally open. E.g., Na+, K+, Cl- and Ca2+ 2. Voltage activated ion channels are kept closed and respo ...
Neurotoxins and the Neuromuscular Junction
... After class: Today we learned about the neuromuscular junction. Let’s see what you remembered. In the drawing, color the neuron’s , the ...
... After class: Today we learned about the neuromuscular junction. Let’s see what you remembered. In the drawing, color the neuron’s , the ...
Inquiry into Life, Eleventh Edition
... • travels down axon one small segment at a time • As soon as action potential moves on, the previous secion undergoes refractory period – Sodium gates cannot reopen – Prevents retrograde transmission – During this time sodium-potassium pump restores ions to original positions ...
... • travels down axon one small segment at a time • As soon as action potential moves on, the previous secion undergoes refractory period – Sodium gates cannot reopen – Prevents retrograde transmission – During this time sodium-potassium pump restores ions to original positions ...
Introduction to Neural Networks
... – A neuron receives input from other neurons (generally thousands) from its synapses – Inputs are approximately summed – When the input exceeds a threshold the neuron sends an electrical spike that travels that travels from the body, down the axon, to the next neuron(s) ...
... – A neuron receives input from other neurons (generally thousands) from its synapses – Inputs are approximately summed – When the input exceeds a threshold the neuron sends an electrical spike that travels that travels from the body, down the axon, to the next neuron(s) ...
Major Divisions in the Central Nervous System
... 7. axis cylinder – composed of neurofibrils – carry impulse throughout neuron 8. nodes of ranvier – gaps between successive schwann cells 9. motor end plate – (axon terminals) site where neurotransmitters are stored and released through the synapse to an effector 10. axon – carry impulses away from ...
... 7. axis cylinder – composed of neurofibrils – carry impulse throughout neuron 8. nodes of ranvier – gaps between successive schwann cells 9. motor end plate – (axon terminals) site where neurotransmitters are stored and released through the synapse to an effector 10. axon – carry impulses away from ...
in the central nervous system
... Each axon can have one or more synapses with as many as 1,000 other axons The many connections make the nervous system so complex ...
... Each axon can have one or more synapses with as many as 1,000 other axons The many connections make the nervous system so complex ...
Wallin_Back_to_School_with_the_Thinking_Maps
... reference (perspective), which leads to less confusion and better communication • allow students to SHOW their THINKING ...
... reference (perspective), which leads to less confusion and better communication • allow students to SHOW their THINKING ...
Study Questions-Ch2
... The __________ is involved with responses related to fear relatively quickly, allowing people to respond to danger sometimes before even being consciously aware that it ...
... The __________ is involved with responses related to fear relatively quickly, allowing people to respond to danger sometimes before even being consciously aware that it ...
Chapter 11 - Nervous Tissue
... Axoplasm: the cytoplasm of the axon Axolemma: the cell membrane of the axon, specialized to initiate and conduct action potentials (nerve impulses) initiated at the axon hillock (trigger zone), travels to the axon terminal causes release of neurotransmitter from terminal neurotransmitters ...
... Axoplasm: the cytoplasm of the axon Axolemma: the cell membrane of the axon, specialized to initiate and conduct action potentials (nerve impulses) initiated at the axon hillock (trigger zone), travels to the axon terminal causes release of neurotransmitter from terminal neurotransmitters ...
chapt07_lecture
... 3. Conduction in an unmyelinated neuron a. Axon potentials are produced down the entire length of the axon at every patch of membrane. b. The conduction rate is slow because so many action potentials are generated, each one, an individual event. c. The amplitude of each action potential is the same ...
... 3. Conduction in an unmyelinated neuron a. Axon potentials are produced down the entire length of the axon at every patch of membrane. b. The conduction rate is slow because so many action potentials are generated, each one, an individual event. c. The amplitude of each action potential is the same ...
Nerve Tissue
... 1. Somatic (voluntary) nervous system-this is were our control of voluntary functions or conscious actions occur. 2. Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system-this you do not control but it happens (heart beating/digestion) ...
... 1. Somatic (voluntary) nervous system-this is were our control of voluntary functions or conscious actions occur. 2. Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system-this you do not control but it happens (heart beating/digestion) ...
lecture 20
... • the spinal cord conducts information to and from the brain and body • spinal cord and brain develop from the dorsal hollow nerve cord • front end of the nerve cord expands to become the brain – embryologic development of the brain results in the formation of a: • forebrain – gives rise to the cere ...
... • the spinal cord conducts information to and from the brain and body • spinal cord and brain develop from the dorsal hollow nerve cord • front end of the nerve cord expands to become the brain – embryologic development of the brain results in the formation of a: • forebrain – gives rise to the cere ...
Brain Busters Functions
... The large band of neural fibers that connect the 2 hemispheres, carries messages between them, & is cut during split brain procedures. ...
... The large band of neural fibers that connect the 2 hemispheres, carries messages between them, & is cut during split brain procedures. ...
Local Cortical Circuits
... Membrane Potential, Threshold, and Excitability Sources of Excitatory Inputs ...
... Membrane Potential, Threshold, and Excitability Sources of Excitatory Inputs ...
CHAPTER 12- Nervous Tissue
... C) have a perikaryon enriched with the organelles for protein synthesis. D) A and B are correct. E) A, B and C are correct. 8) Which of the following is NOT true? A) A dendrite is a nerve fiber that receives impulses from other neurons. B) Most neurons have many axons and one dendrite. C) An axon se ...
... C) have a perikaryon enriched with the organelles for protein synthesis. D) A and B are correct. E) A, B and C are correct. 8) Which of the following is NOT true? A) A dendrite is a nerve fiber that receives impulses from other neurons. B) Most neurons have many axons and one dendrite. C) An axon se ...
4-Nervous system I: Structure and organization
... -Sensory nerve fibers can be somatic (from skin, skeletal muscles or joints) or visceral (from organs within the ventral body cavity) 2. Motor (efferent) PNS nerve cells -Conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles) -Motor nerve fibers (both autonomic and somatic/voluntary) ...
... -Sensory nerve fibers can be somatic (from skin, skeletal muscles or joints) or visceral (from organs within the ventral body cavity) 2. Motor (efferent) PNS nerve cells -Conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles) -Motor nerve fibers (both autonomic and somatic/voluntary) ...
Excitable Cells and Action Potentials
... of the 2 K+ and the influx of 3 Na+, there is an inequality between this ‘trade’, which is responsible for a –10mV difference on the membrane. We also must understand that as the K+ ions diffuse across the membrane, down its concentration gradient, a positive charge is built on the outside of the me ...
... of the 2 K+ and the influx of 3 Na+, there is an inequality between this ‘trade’, which is responsible for a –10mV difference on the membrane. We also must understand that as the K+ ions diffuse across the membrane, down its concentration gradient, a positive charge is built on the outside of the me ...
Ch 2 Biology and Behavior
... from, and within CNS. ~ apprx. 100 billion in human brain ~ building blocks of CNS ~ Neurons can regenerate and reproduce themselves 3 parts to Neuron: Dendrites – message receivers Cell Body – contains biochemical machinery to keep neuron alive Axon – sends messages away from cell body – Myelin She ...
... from, and within CNS. ~ apprx. 100 billion in human brain ~ building blocks of CNS ~ Neurons can regenerate and reproduce themselves 3 parts to Neuron: Dendrites – message receivers Cell Body – contains biochemical machinery to keep neuron alive Axon – sends messages away from cell body – Myelin She ...
Activity Overview - Teacher Enrichment Initiatives
... 1. Ask students to randomly choose cards (included in this activity) that they can wear in the simulation. These cards will establish which student is the Brain, Foot, Sensory Neuron, or Motor Neuron. 2. Have the “Brain” stand at one end of the classroom and the “Foot” at the other. 3. Ask the “Moto ...
... 1. Ask students to randomly choose cards (included in this activity) that they can wear in the simulation. These cards will establish which student is the Brain, Foot, Sensory Neuron, or Motor Neuron. 2. Have the “Brain” stand at one end of the classroom and the “Foot” at the other. 3. Ask the “Moto ...
Flash cards
... scans show brain anatomy. a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. ...
... scans show brain anatomy. a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. ...
Ch6 - Unit3Biology
... These extensions from the cell body vary in length, from microscopic, to just over a meter in some neurons. In humans, the longest ones reach from the lumbar region to the big toe. – Neuron processes that convey incoming message towards the cell body are dendrites – Those processes that conduct impu ...
... These extensions from the cell body vary in length, from microscopic, to just over a meter in some neurons. In humans, the longest ones reach from the lumbar region to the big toe. – Neuron processes that convey incoming message towards the cell body are dendrites – Those processes that conduct impu ...
Document
... • Myelin sheath – speeds up transmission • Terminal Button – end of axon; secretes neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters – chemical messengers • Synapse – point at which neurons interconnect ...
... • Myelin sheath – speeds up transmission • Terminal Button – end of axon; secretes neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters – chemical messengers • Synapse – point at which neurons interconnect ...
spinal cord
... •right hemisphere controls the left side of the body & vice-versa •the 2 hemispheres communicate via the nerves of the corpus callossum •is convoluted (folded) to increase surface area for information storage ...
... •right hemisphere controls the left side of the body & vice-versa •the 2 hemispheres communicate via the nerves of the corpus callossum •is convoluted (folded) to increase surface area for information storage ...
31.1 The Neuron Functions of the Nervous System and external
... Sensory receptors are cells that transmit information about changes in the internal and external environment. Chemoreceptors respond to chemicals. Photoreceptors respond to light. Mechanoreceptors respond to touch, uch, pressure, vibrations, and stretch. Thermoreceptors respond to temperature change ...
... Sensory receptors are cells that transmit information about changes in the internal and external environment. Chemoreceptors respond to chemicals. Photoreceptors respond to light. Mechanoreceptors respond to touch, uch, pressure, vibrations, and stretch. Thermoreceptors respond to temperature change ...
Nervous Tissue
... A neuron consists of a cell body where the nucleus, mitochondria, and other cell structures can be found. At one end of the neuron are the dendrites, multiples tree-like structures that acts as the receiving portion of the neuron. The other end is the axon, where the nerve impulse travels through to ...
... A neuron consists of a cell body where the nucleus, mitochondria, and other cell structures can be found. At one end of the neuron are the dendrites, multiples tree-like structures that acts as the receiving portion of the neuron. The other end is the axon, where the nerve impulse travels through to ...
Axon
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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.