intracellular recordings
... inhibitory interneurons, receive a strictly monocular excitation from either the left or the right eye. Occasional cells with binocular excitation have been observed, however, mainly within or near the interla minar layers (6, 8). In a large sample of dLGN neurons recorded by Sanderson (19) only 0.6 ...
... inhibitory interneurons, receive a strictly monocular excitation from either the left or the right eye. Occasional cells with binocular excitation have been observed, however, mainly within or near the interla minar layers (6, 8). In a large sample of dLGN neurons recorded by Sanderson (19) only 0.6 ...
Chapter 20
... v. The cervical portion of each sympathetic trunk is subdivided into: a. superior cervical ganglion whose postganglionic fibers serve the head and heart b. middle cervical ganglion whose postganglionic fibers innervate the heart c. inferior cervical ganglion whose postganglionic fibers also innervat ...
... v. The cervical portion of each sympathetic trunk is subdivided into: a. superior cervical ganglion whose postganglionic fibers serve the head and heart b. middle cervical ganglion whose postganglionic fibers innervate the heart c. inferior cervical ganglion whose postganglionic fibers also innervat ...
The neuronal structure of the globus pallidus in the rabbit — Nissl
... the cell body is devoid of spines and other protrusions. The clear border between the soma and dendrites of the elongated neurons has often been difficult to define. The neurons in the centre of GP have radiated dendritic trees, whereas the dendritic field of the cells along the borders of GP has an ...
... the cell body is devoid of spines and other protrusions. The clear border between the soma and dendrites of the elongated neurons has often been difficult to define. The neurons in the centre of GP have radiated dendritic trees, whereas the dendritic field of the cells along the borders of GP has an ...
Olfactory System and Olfaction (Molitor): Worksheet Stephanie Lee
... Olfactory stem cells reside near laminar surface of epithelium and serve as ORN ______________ Other olfactory neurons within CNS also regenerate Olfactory stem cells – replacement for damaged neurons? ...
... Olfactory stem cells reside near laminar surface of epithelium and serve as ORN ______________ Other olfactory neurons within CNS also regenerate Olfactory stem cells – replacement for damaged neurons? ...
Nervous System Histology Membrane and Action Potential
... Generation of an action potential can be inhibited by all of the following except: a. IPSPs b. presynaptic inhibition c. depolarization d. hyperpolarization BACK TO GAME ...
... Generation of an action potential can be inhibited by all of the following except: a. IPSPs b. presynaptic inhibition c. depolarization d. hyperpolarization BACK TO GAME ...
10th CBSE {SA - 1} Revision Pack Booklet - 6
... cytokinin accelerates the growth of the lateral buds and reduces apical dominance (action of both auxin and cytokinin are opposite to each other). 6. What are hormones? Write any two functions of hormones. Sol. Hormones are chemical substances, which coordinate the activities of living organism and ...
... cytokinin accelerates the growth of the lateral buds and reduces apical dominance (action of both auxin and cytokinin are opposite to each other). 6. What are hormones? Write any two functions of hormones. Sol. Hormones are chemical substances, which coordinate the activities of living organism and ...
Lecture 08
... frequency (rate) of spikes within the output spike train is proportional to the magnitude and duration of the total PSP = EPSP-IPSP at the soma. COSC422 ...
... frequency (rate) of spikes within the output spike train is proportional to the magnitude and duration of the total PSP = EPSP-IPSP at the soma. COSC422 ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organization (Montero, Rojas and Torrealba, I973). Furthermore, lesions produced by the recording electrodes placed in the primary visu ...
... Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organization (Montero, Rojas and Torrealba, I973). Furthermore, lesions produced by the recording electrodes placed in the primary visu ...
The relationship between the activity of neurons recorded
... measures. The components of the brain interact in a complex, multilevel and nonlinear way. Understanding cortical motor control function requires knowledge of how the neurons interact. We found that immediately after target onset (0 to 600 ms), neurons had a higher mutual information index when move ...
... measures. The components of the brain interact in a complex, multilevel and nonlinear way. Understanding cortical motor control function requires knowledge of how the neurons interact. We found that immediately after target onset (0 to 600 ms), neurons had a higher mutual information index when move ...
Neurobiology
... juices from secretory cells of GI tract fecal matter in rectum elicits strong peristaltic contractions to empty the bowel ...
... juices from secretory cells of GI tract fecal matter in rectum elicits strong peristaltic contractions to empty the bowel ...
Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: neurons in the meeting
... nucleus, as well as the presence of supraependymal nerve terminals in this area all indicate that the "gate" is open for proper inputs arising through the cerebrospinal fluid. The arcuate neurons have a wide spectrum of efferent targets in the brain, including hypothalamic (paraventricular, perivent ...
... nucleus, as well as the presence of supraependymal nerve terminals in this area all indicate that the "gate" is open for proper inputs arising through the cerebrospinal fluid. The arcuate neurons have a wide spectrum of efferent targets in the brain, including hypothalamic (paraventricular, perivent ...
Anatomy 9535b. THE CRANIAL NERVES
... Note that somatic efferent is not subdivided into special and general, although ordinary muscle innervation is “general” in character, because most skeletal muscles develop from somites. The term “special somatic efferent” could be used for centrifugal fibres of the vestibulocochlear nerve (and, in ...
... Note that somatic efferent is not subdivided into special and general, although ordinary muscle innervation is “general” in character, because most skeletal muscles develop from somites. The term “special somatic efferent” could be used for centrifugal fibres of the vestibulocochlear nerve (and, in ...
MS Word doc here
... muscle stretch but discharge at a slower rate while the stretch is maintained. Secondary endings are less sensitive to the onset of stretch, but their discharge rate does not decline very much while the stretch is maintained. In other words, both primary and secondary endings signal the static lengt ...
... muscle stretch but discharge at a slower rate while the stretch is maintained. Secondary endings are less sensitive to the onset of stretch, but their discharge rate does not decline very much while the stretch is maintained. In other words, both primary and secondary endings signal the static lengt ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... spike (Fig. 3A). These interneurons had an average resting membrane potential of ⫺65 ⫾ 5 (SD) mV (n ⫽ 21) and an apparConcentrated stock solution of (⫾)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3ent input resistance that averaged 224 ⫾ 101 M⍀. dicarboxylic acid (ACPD) was prepared in 0.1 M NaOH and diluted in ph ...
... spike (Fig. 3A). These interneurons had an average resting membrane potential of ⫺65 ⫾ 5 (SD) mV (n ⫽ 21) and an apparConcentrated stock solution of (⫾)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3ent input resistance that averaged 224 ⫾ 101 M⍀. dicarboxylic acid (ACPD) was prepared in 0.1 M NaOH and diluted in ph ...
A. Sensation
... 1. specialized groups of muscle fibers interspersed among and oriented parallel to regular muscle fibers 2. consists of specialized muscle fibers called intrafusal muscle fibers, that are enclosed in a spindle-shaped connective tissue capsule a. contract when stimulated by gamma motor neurons 3. sur ...
... 1. specialized groups of muscle fibers interspersed among and oriented parallel to regular muscle fibers 2. consists of specialized muscle fibers called intrafusal muscle fibers, that are enclosed in a spindle-shaped connective tissue capsule a. contract when stimulated by gamma motor neurons 3. sur ...
Lab #7: Nerve Pathways and Somatosensory Physiology
... words), areas of frontal lobe such as the motor cortex and Broca’s area (for controlling the muscular activity needed for vocalization), and a host of other areas that control the extrinsic eye muscles, etc. Once integration of the sensory information is made, selective stimulation and inhibition of ...
... words), areas of frontal lobe such as the motor cortex and Broca’s area (for controlling the muscular activity needed for vocalization), and a host of other areas that control the extrinsic eye muscles, etc. Once integration of the sensory information is made, selective stimulation and inhibition of ...
nervous system organization, 022817
... The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) is part of the CNS—all other cranial nerves are part of the PNS. ...
... The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) is part of the CNS—all other cranial nerves are part of the PNS. ...
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of
... Multiple sclerosis is a disease of blocked motor transmission, which thereby generates difficulties in movement. In some patients with multiple sclerosis, 4-aminopyridine partially alleviates this problem through increasing neuronal and axonal excitability! ...
... Multiple sclerosis is a disease of blocked motor transmission, which thereby generates difficulties in movement. In some patients with multiple sclerosis, 4-aminopyridine partially alleviates this problem through increasing neuronal and axonal excitability! ...
Introduction to Computational Neuroscience
... d. Recurrent networks of spiking neurons. This is a field that is advancing rapidly! There were two absolutely seminal papers about a decade ago: van Vreeswijk and Sompolinsky (Science, 1996) van Vreeswijk and Sompolinsky (Neural Comp., 1998) ...
... d. Recurrent networks of spiking neurons. This is a field that is advancing rapidly! There were two absolutely seminal papers about a decade ago: van Vreeswijk and Sompolinsky (Science, 1996) van Vreeswijk and Sompolinsky (Neural Comp., 1998) ...
The Brain and Behavior:
... Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Neuron and the Synapse Identify parts of the neuron and synapse and describe how they communicate information. ...
... Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Neuron and the Synapse Identify parts of the neuron and synapse and describe how they communicate information. ...
Suggested Readings for Biopsychology Domain
... Description: The brain is made up of about 100 billion individual nerve cells, or neurons. A neuron has four main parts: • Dendrites—extensions of the neuron cell body that transmit information toward it. Dendrites usually are located near the cell body and may have many branches. • Cell body (soma) ...
... Description: The brain is made up of about 100 billion individual nerve cells, or neurons. A neuron has four main parts: • Dendrites—extensions of the neuron cell body that transmit information toward it. Dendrites usually are located near the cell body and may have many branches. • Cell body (soma) ...
Synaptic Neurotransmission and the Anatomically Addressed
... The loss of synapses with or without the loss of neurons could also be triggered in other areas of the brain by the same factors that affect the hippocampus, such as stress, depression, aging, and neurodegeneration (compare Figures 2-5 and 2-6). One strategy to deal with this is to promote the produ ...
... The loss of synapses with or without the loss of neurons could also be triggered in other areas of the brain by the same factors that affect the hippocampus, such as stress, depression, aging, and neurodegeneration (compare Figures 2-5 and 2-6). One strategy to deal with this is to promote the produ ...
Hailee Denson Biology 1090 Mark Radandt Taking Sides Analysis
... that when monkeys pay attention to a given stimulus, the number of cortical neurons that fire synchronized spikes in the gamma band of frequencies (30 to 80 hertz) increases, and the rate at which they fire rises as well. Pascal Fries of the Ernst StrÜngmann Institute for Neuroscience in cooperation ...
... that when monkeys pay attention to a given stimulus, the number of cortical neurons that fire synchronized spikes in the gamma band of frequencies (30 to 80 hertz) increases, and the rate at which they fire rises as well. Pascal Fries of the Ernst StrÜngmann Institute for Neuroscience in cooperation ...
Axon
.svg?width=300)
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.