Arrhythmic Sudden Cardiac Death: Substrate, Mechanisms and
... During the acute phase of MI, VF or polymorphic VT is triggered by the presence of ischemia.17 During the period after MI, SCD may be caused by different mechanisms: post-infarction areas, including regional and intramural fibrotic zones and scars, remain electrically unexcitable and may form local ...
... During the acute phase of MI, VF or polymorphic VT is triggered by the presence of ischemia.17 During the period after MI, SCD may be caused by different mechanisms: post-infarction areas, including regional and intramural fibrotic zones and scars, remain electrically unexcitable and may form local ...
Clinical Spectrum of Acute or New
... occurred within the first three days after surgery. The risk was greatest with intrathoracic surgery (odds ratio 9.2). Alcohol: Alcohol intake has a very interesting relationship with AF. Atrial fibrillation occurs in up to 60 percent of binge drinkers with or without an underlying alcoholic cardiom ...
... occurred within the first three days after surgery. The risk was greatest with intrathoracic surgery (odds ratio 9.2). Alcohol: Alcohol intake has a very interesting relationship with AF. Atrial fibrillation occurs in up to 60 percent of binge drinkers with or without an underlying alcoholic cardiom ...
Anemia LECTURE IN INTERNAL MEDICINE FOR IV COURSE
... sinus node dysfunction, and sick sinus syndrome (SSS), which is still the most common indication for permanent pacemaker implantation • Enhanced automaticity can result in multiple arrhythmias, both atrial and ventricular. • Triggered activity occurs when early afterdepolarizations and delayed after ...
... sinus node dysfunction, and sick sinus syndrome (SSS), which is still the most common indication for permanent pacemaker implantation • Enhanced automaticity can result in multiple arrhythmias, both atrial and ventricular. • Triggered activity occurs when early afterdepolarizations and delayed after ...
changes in left atrial size and cardiac rhythm in patients after mitral
... been achieved in 80 to 93% of the patients (18,19,20). All these surgical techniques require great skills and are time consuming. Recently, cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation of the pulmonary veins have been used. However, although early and midterm outcomes are promising, the long-term results ...
... been achieved in 80 to 93% of the patients (18,19,20). All these surgical techniques require great skills and are time consuming. Recently, cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation of the pulmonary veins have been used. However, although early and midterm outcomes are promising, the long-term results ...
Genetic Testing for Cardiac Ion Channelopathies
... Mutations in four genes are known to cause CPVT, and investigators believe other unidentified loci are involved as well. Currently, only 55-65% of patients with CPVT have an identified causative mutation. Mutations to RYR2 or KCNJ2 result in an autosomal dominant form of CPVT with CASQ2 and TRDN-rel ...
... Mutations in four genes are known to cause CPVT, and investigators believe other unidentified loci are involved as well. Currently, only 55-65% of patients with CPVT have an identified causative mutation. Mutations to RYR2 or KCNJ2 result in an autosomal dominant form of CPVT with CASQ2 and TRDN-rel ...
First-in-Man Implantation of Left Ventricular
... approach to the remodeling itself is a mechanical intervention to decrease the LV volume or constrain the ventricle from further enlargement. Several surgical approaches have been advocated in patients with a dilated LV, including partial left ventriculectomy (Batista procedure), cardiomyoplasty, an ...
... approach to the remodeling itself is a mechanical intervention to decrease the LV volume or constrain the ventricle from further enlargement. Several surgical approaches have been advocated in patients with a dilated LV, including partial left ventriculectomy (Batista procedure), cardiomyoplasty, an ...
The Pacemaker Current: From Basics to the Clinics
... of working myocardium (negative inotropism) due to inhibition of Ca2+ entry. In the absence of alternative pharmacological interventions and despite the adverse side effects, β-blockers and Ca2+ antagonists are of large use in therapies requiring heart rate reduction. It is therefore not surprising ...
... of working myocardium (negative inotropism) due to inhibition of Ca2+ entry. In the absence of alternative pharmacological interventions and despite the adverse side effects, β-blockers and Ca2+ antagonists are of large use in therapies requiring heart rate reduction. It is therefore not surprising ...
cardiac rhythm interpretation
... (7) The refractory period. During this period, cell charges are depolarized and have not returned to their polarized state. A cell that is electrically "refractory" cannot receive another impulse until it is repolarized. The refractory period on an EKG includes the QRS complex and the T wave. The ab ...
... (7) The refractory period. During this period, cell charges are depolarized and have not returned to their polarized state. A cell that is electrically "refractory" cannot receive another impulse until it is repolarized. The refractory period on an EKG includes the QRS complex and the T wave. The ab ...
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders Are Associated With Ventricular
... PVC, as described by Shephard et al10; however, in their study, PVC occurred only in one patient with oxygen desaturations ⬍ 60%, and only patients without cardiac or pulmonary comorbidity were examined. In other studies,11,12 a significantly higher level of PVCs was not found in patients with SBD. ...
... PVC, as described by Shephard et al10; however, in their study, PVC occurred only in one patient with oxygen desaturations ⬍ 60%, and only patients without cardiac or pulmonary comorbidity were examined. In other studies,11,12 a significantly higher level of PVCs was not found in patients with SBD. ...
Selecting Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot for
... Akin to patients with acquired cardiac disease, the substrate for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ACHD is usually scar related around regions of surgical repair (11). Surgical techniques to treat patients with TOF have evolved substantially since the pioneering (palliative) surgi ...
... Akin to patients with acquired cardiac disease, the substrate for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ACHD is usually scar related around regions of surgical repair (11). Surgical techniques to treat patients with TOF have evolved substantially since the pioneering (palliative) surgi ...
Principles of Cardiac Pacing
... Failure to Sense • Causes – Pacemaker not sensitive enough to detect the patient’s intrinsic electrical activity (mV) – Insufficient myocardial voltage – Dislodged, loose, fibrotic, or fractured electrode – Electrolyte abnormalities – Low battery voltage ...
... Failure to Sense • Causes – Pacemaker not sensitive enough to detect the patient’s intrinsic electrical activity (mV) – Insufficient myocardial voltage – Dislodged, loose, fibrotic, or fractured electrode – Electrolyte abnormalities – Low battery voltage ...
Cardiovascular Effects of Weight Reduction
... Seven subjects underwent right heart catheterization while systemic arterial pressure was monitored through an intraarterial needle. The remaining two subjects underwent both right and left heart catheterization. Retrograde catheterization of the left ventricle was performed through a brachial arter ...
... Seven subjects underwent right heart catheterization while systemic arterial pressure was monitored through an intraarterial needle. The remaining two subjects underwent both right and left heart catheterization. Retrograde catheterization of the left ventricle was performed through a brachial arter ...
Electrophysiological Effects of MS
... tip) and a pair of Ag-AgCl electrodes (at the distal tip and 5 mm proximal from the tip) (EP Technology, Palo Alto, CA) were used for the recording of MAPs at the right ventricular apex. This catheter permitted the determination of both the RVERP and the MAP duration at the same location (Franz et a ...
... tip) and a pair of Ag-AgCl electrodes (at the distal tip and 5 mm proximal from the tip) (EP Technology, Palo Alto, CA) were used for the recording of MAPs at the right ventricular apex. This catheter permitted the determination of both the RVERP and the MAP duration at the same location (Franz et a ...
Determination of right ventricular volume and function using multiple
... It´s well known that the challenge using the short axis slices for RV volume measurement has been the definition of the basal slice of the RV and how to handle the RV outflow tract. The latter is out of the plane of the short axis slices, which creates difficulties in the delimitation of the pulmon ...
... It´s well known that the challenge using the short axis slices for RV volume measurement has been the definition of the basal slice of the RV and how to handle the RV outflow tract. The latter is out of the plane of the short axis slices, which creates difficulties in the delimitation of the pulmon ...
cardioverter-defibrillator related problems Troubleshooting
... his/her risk of developing life threatening arrhythmias. In general, most single shocks are appropriately (and successfully) delivered to terminate an episode of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, and because the ICD worked properly the patient may even be reassured. ...
... his/her risk of developing life threatening arrhythmias. In general, most single shocks are appropriately (and successfully) delivered to terminate an episode of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, and because the ICD worked properly the patient may even be reassured. ...
Impairment of left ventricular function by acute cardiac lymphatic
... (3.53f 0.02). Histopathology of the myocardium in the lymphatic obstruction groups revealed significant lymphangiectasis and increased interstitial spacing when compared to controls. Conclusions: Acute cardiac Iymphatic obstruction depresses contractility and active relaxation and causes mild LV myo ...
... (3.53f 0.02). Histopathology of the myocardium in the lymphatic obstruction groups revealed significant lymphangiectasis and increased interstitial spacing when compared to controls. Conclusions: Acute cardiac Iymphatic obstruction depresses contractility and active relaxation and causes mild LV myo ...
Videodensitometric ejection fraction from intravenous digital
... vein. In fact, we have found peripheral intravenous injections to be as good as if not superior to injections in the superior vena cava (15) . The ease of performance makes this type of study applicable in many clinical situations. For example , there are some data to suggest that deteriorating righ ...
... vein. In fact, we have found peripheral intravenous injections to be as good as if not superior to injections in the superior vena cava (15) . The ease of performance makes this type of study applicable in many clinical situations. For example , there are some data to suggest that deteriorating righ ...
PPT
... • Changes in a patient’s disease and/or medications may alter the efficacy of the device’s programmed parameters. Patients should avoid sources of magnetic and electromagnetic radiation to avoid possible underdetection, inappropriate sensing and/or therapy delivery, tissue damage, induction of an ar ...
... • Changes in a patient’s disease and/or medications may alter the efficacy of the device’s programmed parameters. Patients should avoid sources of magnetic and electromagnetic radiation to avoid possible underdetection, inappropriate sensing and/or therapy delivery, tissue damage, induction of an ar ...
Heart rate variability / QT
... Methods: Thirty-six patients with prior Q wave Ml were studied. Patients with bundle branch block or with a 'non-specific' result of programmed stimulation (ventricular flutter or fibrillation) were excluded. Sustained monomorphlc VT was induced in 25 patients (VT (+)), but not In the remaining 11 ( ...
... Methods: Thirty-six patients with prior Q wave Ml were studied. Patients with bundle branch block or with a 'non-specific' result of programmed stimulation (ventricular flutter or fibrillation) were excluded. Sustained monomorphlc VT was induced in 25 patients (VT (+)), but not In the remaining 11 ( ...
Sudden Cardiac Death BRUGADA SYNDROME
... It has been linked to a genetic mutation located on the SCN5A gene on chromosome 3 p21-23, which codes for the α subunit of the cardiomyocyte sodium ion channels This mutation leads to either complete loss of channel function or an accelerated recovery from activation This can generate heterogeneity ...
... It has been linked to a genetic mutation located on the SCN5A gene on chromosome 3 p21-23, which codes for the α subunit of the cardiomyocyte sodium ion channels This mutation leads to either complete loss of channel function or an accelerated recovery from activation This can generate heterogeneity ...
Understanding Afterload
... Afterload is composed of these major parameters: myocardial wall stress, arterial blood pressure, arterial resistance and arterial impedance. Left ventricular afterload is affected by various disease conditions. Hypertension increases the afterload since the LV has to work harder to overcome the ele ...
... Afterload is composed of these major parameters: myocardial wall stress, arterial blood pressure, arterial resistance and arterial impedance. Left ventricular afterload is affected by various disease conditions. Hypertension increases the afterload since the LV has to work harder to overcome the ele ...
Left Ventricular Mechanical Support with Impella
... coronary ligation. Before acquiring data, hemodynamic characteristics were recorded during 20 heart beats, and the respirator was turned off to avoid respiratory influence on hemodynamics. Emax (Figure 3A) was obtained by changing the preload, such that the inferior vena cava (IVC) was occluded with ...
... coronary ligation. Before acquiring data, hemodynamic characteristics were recorded during 20 heart beats, and the respirator was turned off to avoid respiratory influence on hemodynamics. Emax (Figure 3A) was obtained by changing the preload, such that the inferior vena cava (IVC) was occluded with ...
Arrythmia_2014 - University of Washington
... heart failure Acute or chronic Are they sleeping? Do they have sleep apnea? Not everyone with bradycardia, even complete heart ...
... heart failure Acute or chronic Are they sleeping? Do they have sleep apnea? Not everyone with bradycardia, even complete heart ...
Wenckebach - Florida Heart CPR
... The atrial rate will usually be in a normal range. The ventricular rate may be 20-60. More P waves than atrial complexes. No atrial impulses conducted to the ventricles. There is no PRI. The Pwaves have no relationship to the QRS complexes. May occasionally see a Pwave on or near a QRS complex. Is t ...
... The atrial rate will usually be in a normal range. The ventricular rate may be 20-60. More P waves than atrial complexes. No atrial impulses conducted to the ventricles. There is no PRI. The Pwaves have no relationship to the QRS complexes. May occasionally see a Pwave on or near a QRS complex. Is t ...
Exercise Capacity in Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction
... ejection fraction of 30% or less and who also had a graded treadmill exercise test during the 24-month period from February 1977 through February 1979. Patients were excluded from the study if a major change in therapy (medical or surgical) was instituted between the two tests. The interval between ...
... ejection fraction of 30% or less and who also had a graded treadmill exercise test during the 24-month period from February 1977 through February 1979. Patients were excluded from the study if a major change in therapy (medical or surgical) was instituted between the two tests. The interval between ...
Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is a condition in which there is uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly. Ventricular fibrillation is the most commonly identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients. While there is some activity, the lay person is usually unable to detect it by palpating (feeling) the major pulse points of the carotid and femoral arteries. Such an arrhythmia is only confirmed by electrocardiography. Ventricular fibrillation is a medical emergency that requires prompt Advanced Life Support interventions. If this arrhythmia continues for more than a few seconds, it will likely degenerate further into asystole (""flatline""). This condition results in cardiogenic shock and cessation of effective blood circulation. As a consequence, sudden cardiac death (SCD) will result in a matter of minutes. If the patient is not revived after a sufficient period (within roughly 5 minutes at room temperature), the patient could sustain irreversible brain damage and possibly become brain-dead, due to the effects of cerebral hypoxia. On the other hand, death often occurs if sinus rhythm is not restored within 90 seconds of the onset of VF, especially if it has degenerated further into asystole.