ECG Final By Dr Waseem Ahmad
... The PR interval ƒIf the PR interval looks as though it is widening every beat and then a QRS complex is missing, there is 2nd degree heart block, Mobitz type I. The lengthening of the PR interval in subsequent beats is known as the Wenckebach ...
... The PR interval ƒIf the PR interval looks as though it is widening every beat and then a QRS complex is missing, there is 2nd degree heart block, Mobitz type I. The lengthening of the PR interval in subsequent beats is known as the Wenckebach ...
CHAPTER ONE THE HEART ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2
... 2.1.What is an ECG? An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG, abbreviated from the German Elektrokardiogramm) is a graphic produced by an electrocardiograph, which records the electrical activity of the heart over time. Its name is made of different parts: electro, because it is related to electrical activi ...
... 2.1.What is an ECG? An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG, abbreviated from the German Elektrokardiogramm) is a graphic produced by an electrocardiograph, which records the electrical activity of the heart over time. Its name is made of different parts: electro, because it is related to electrical activi ...
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.811877 published online Mar
... patient-triggered and autodetected event monitoring and were instructed to activate the monitors anytime they felt symptoms. Patients continued anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) for a minimum of 3 months. Patients were assessed for AF recurrence at 3 ...
... patient-triggered and autodetected event monitoring and were instructed to activate the monitors anytime they felt symptoms. Patients continued anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) for a minimum of 3 months. Patients were assessed for AF recurrence at 3 ...
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.811877 published online Mar
... patient-triggered and autodetected event monitoring and were instructed to activate the monitors anytime they felt symptoms. Patients continued anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) for a minimum of 3 months. Patients were assessed for AF recurrence at 3 ...
... patient-triggered and autodetected event monitoring and were instructed to activate the monitors anytime they felt symptoms. Patients continued anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) for a minimum of 3 months. Patients were assessed for AF recurrence at 3 ...
Acute temperature effects on function of the chick embryonic heart
... the range between 34 and 37 °C (Sarre et al. 2006). The most recent study shows acute temperature effects on ex vivo zebrafish hearts studied by optical mapping, in the range from 18 to 28 °C. Cooling to 18 °C decreases heart rate by about 40% and increases atrial and ventricular APD50 by factors 3 ...
... the range between 34 and 37 °C (Sarre et al. 2006). The most recent study shows acute temperature effects on ex vivo zebrafish hearts studied by optical mapping, in the range from 18 to 28 °C. Cooling to 18 °C decreases heart rate by about 40% and increases atrial and ventricular APD50 by factors 3 ...
A letter from the CEO of Heart Rhythm Society, James H. Youngblood
... that I recognize the contributions of the many dedicated volunteers who so willingly give of their time, their thoughts, and their talents through service on our Board of Trustees, Committees, Subcommittees, and Task Forces. It is important to note that none of the Society’s accomplishments would be ...
... that I recognize the contributions of the many dedicated volunteers who so willingly give of their time, their thoughts, and their talents through service on our Board of Trustees, Committees, Subcommittees, and Task Forces. It is important to note that none of the Society’s accomplishments would be ...
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
... Figure2: The loop with the solid line is the normal pressure volume loop and the loop with the dotted line is the pressure-volume loop in diastolic dysfunction. In diastolic dysfunction the end-diastolic pressure volume relationship (EDPVR) is shifted upwards whereas the ends systolic pressure volu ...
... Figure2: The loop with the solid line is the normal pressure volume loop and the loop with the dotted line is the pressure-volume loop in diastolic dysfunction. In diastolic dysfunction the end-diastolic pressure volume relationship (EDPVR) is shifted upwards whereas the ends systolic pressure volu ...
with rheumatic mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm - Heart
... though they may be in normal sinus rhythm. The presence of spontaneous echo contrast in these patients is associated with a significant risk of thromboembolic episodes. A close relationship between left atrial or appendage thrombi and spontaneous echo contrast may be due to the fact that the factors ...
... though they may be in normal sinus rhythm. The presence of spontaneous echo contrast in these patients is associated with a significant risk of thromboembolic episodes. A close relationship between left atrial or appendage thrombi and spontaneous echo contrast may be due to the fact that the factors ...
Understanding Arrythmias
... regular, not irregular. Atrial flutter also carries the risk of developing blood clots, though not as great as with AF. With atrial flutter, the electrical signal becomes “trapped” in the right atrium. It repeatedly travels in a circular pattern inside the right atrium, only occasionally “escaping” ...
... regular, not irregular. Atrial flutter also carries the risk of developing blood clots, though not as great as with AF. With atrial flutter, the electrical signal becomes “trapped” in the right atrium. It repeatedly travels in a circular pattern inside the right atrium, only occasionally “escaping” ...
Alternate Pacing Sites in the Atria and the Right Ventricle
... right ventricular outflow tract and the interventricular septum close to the His bundle. 1) Pacing from the His bundle Attempts at pacing from the His bundle were made by Karpawich et al and were obviously aimed at depolarising the heart through the physiological conduction system.5 In fact, His bun ...
... right ventricular outflow tract and the interventricular septum close to the His bundle. 1) Pacing from the His bundle Attempts at pacing from the His bundle were made by Karpawich et al and were obviously aimed at depolarising the heart through the physiological conduction system.5 In fact, His bun ...
The Cardiac Conduction System
... understood. An additional aberrant pathway existing between the atria and ventricles has been termed Kent's bundle (the clinical manifestation of ventricular tachycardias caused by the presence of this pathway is termed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). This accessory pathway is commonly ablated. Alt ...
... understood. An additional aberrant pathway existing between the atria and ventricles has been termed Kent's bundle (the clinical manifestation of ventricular tachycardias caused by the presence of this pathway is termed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). This accessory pathway is commonly ablated. Alt ...
experiments on the origin of auricular flutter and fibrillation
... during the stimulation. The form of the wave is compatible with flutter despite the presence of isoelectric lines between the single auricular waves. The contiguity of the waves need not be present, at least in some leads, in flutter. Against the diagnosis of auricular paroxysmal tachycardia due to ...
... during the stimulation. The form of the wave is compatible with flutter despite the presence of isoelectric lines between the single auricular waves. The contiguity of the waves need not be present, at least in some leads, in flutter. Against the diagnosis of auricular paroxysmal tachycardia due to ...
Interpreting AV (Heart) Blocks: Breaking Down the Mystery 2 Contact Hours
... RN.com acknowledges the valuable contributions of… ...Kim Maryniak, RNC-NIC, BN, MSN. Kim has over 23 years staff nurse and charge nurse experience with medical/surgical, psychiatry, pediatrics, and neonatal intensive care. She has been an educator, instructor, and nursing director. Her instructor e ...
... RN.com acknowledges the valuable contributions of… ...Kim Maryniak, RNC-NIC, BN, MSN. Kim has over 23 years staff nurse and charge nurse experience with medical/surgical, psychiatry, pediatrics, and neonatal intensive care. She has been an educator, instructor, and nursing director. Her instructor e ...
Effects of posture, Valsalva maneuver and respiration on
... and an mcrearing smus hcart rate for several seconds. in patients aith atrial flutter. the shortening ofthe Ruttercycle interva! ceares immediately on release of the strain. Thus. changes in the flutter cycle length during and aficr the Volaalva maneuver correlate with alterations in cardiac dimens ...
... and an mcrearing smus hcart rate for several seconds. in patients aith atrial flutter. the shortening ofthe Ruttercycle interva! ceares immediately on release of the strain. Thus. changes in the flutter cycle length during and aficr the Volaalva maneuver correlate with alterations in cardiac dimens ...
and Absence of Coronary Sinus
... atrial septal defect was closed and 1 day before death. The brain, although not the site of a distinct abscess, showed unilateral acute encephalomalacia with thrombosis of the right internal carotid artery and signs of meningitis. In the second case (case 8), a brief and self-limited illness suggest ...
... atrial septal defect was closed and 1 day before death. The brain, although not the site of a distinct abscess, showed unilateral acute encephalomalacia with thrombosis of the right internal carotid artery and signs of meningitis. In the second case (case 8), a brief and self-limited illness suggest ...
Experimental Demonstration of Concealed AV
... AV dissociation'3 has developed. All antegrade (sinus) impulses are blocked but artificial ventricular impulses capture the atria completely (-P) or partially (PF) when they occur within a certain time interval after a sinus P wave. On the basis of these facts, the following conclusions can be drawn ...
... AV dissociation'3 has developed. All antegrade (sinus) impulses are blocked but artificial ventricular impulses capture the atria completely (-P) or partially (PF) when they occur within a certain time interval after a sinus P wave. On the basis of these facts, the following conclusions can be drawn ...
Module I E.C.G. RHYTHM INTERPRETATION
... branches and purkinje fibers) can also produce impulses at rates of 20 to 40 per minute. ...
... branches and purkinje fibers) can also produce impulses at rates of 20 to 40 per minute. ...
Functional and Structural Differences in Atria Versus Ventricles in
... However, a similar atrium to ventricle mass ratio exists in species with very different life‐ styles (0.2 in active Atlantic salmon, Atlantic cod and inactive winter flounder - [28]). More active fish also show a difference in whole heart shape with active fish (e.g. salmonid and scombrid families) ...
... However, a similar atrium to ventricle mass ratio exists in species with very different life‐ styles (0.2 in active Atlantic salmon, Atlantic cod and inactive winter flounder - [28]). More active fish also show a difference in whole heart shape with active fish (e.g. salmonid and scombrid families) ...
ECG Patch Monitors for Assessment of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities
... correlations with exercise and drug regimens. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ...
... correlations with exercise and drug regimens. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ...
2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With
... A recommendation with Level of Evidence B or C does not imply that the recommendation is weak. Many important clinical questions addressed in the guidelines do not lend themselves to clinical trials. Although randomized trials are unavailable, there may be a very clear clinical consensus that a part ...
... A recommendation with Level of Evidence B or C does not imply that the recommendation is weak. Many important clinical questions addressed in the guidelines do not lend themselves to clinical trials. Although randomized trials are unavailable, there may be a very clear clinical consensus that a part ...
Arrythmia 411
... • P Wave – atrial contraction or depolarization, (usually upright) • QRS Complex – time for ventricular contraction or depolarization (usually upright) (0.04 - 0.12sec) (delays in the bundle branches will widen the ...
... • P Wave – atrial contraction or depolarization, (usually upright) • QRS Complex – time for ventricular contraction or depolarization (usually upright) (0.04 - 0.12sec) (delays in the bundle branches will widen the ...
Development and validation of an algorithm to
... right atrial flutter, “lower loop reentry” has been the term proposed for counterclockwise reentry around the inferior vena cava where the anterior arm of the circuit is the inferior vena cava - tricuspid valve isthmus and the posterior arm is the low posterior right atrium wall with conduction acro ...
... right atrial flutter, “lower loop reentry” has been the term proposed for counterclockwise reentry around the inferior vena cava where the anterior arm of the circuit is the inferior vena cava - tricuspid valve isthmus and the posterior arm is the low posterior right atrium wall with conduction acro ...
Cardiac Arrhythmias and Stroke
... majority had sinus rhythm at the time of the stroke event. Although it seems likely that a higher proportion developing AF contributes to the increased risk among men with frequent AEB, there also may be other explanations. Frequent AEB could be a marker of other risk factors, eg, severe and longsta ...
... majority had sinus rhythm at the time of the stroke event. Although it seems likely that a higher proportion developing AF contributes to the increased risk among men with frequent AEB, there also may be other explanations. Frequent AEB could be a marker of other risk factors, eg, severe and longsta ...
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Sinoatrial Node—A
... The sinoatrial node is the primary pacemaker of the heart. Nodal dysfunction with aging, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and even endurance athletic training can lead to a wide variety of pathological clinical syndromes. Recent work utilizing molecular markers to map the extent of the node, alon ...
... The sinoatrial node is the primary pacemaker of the heart. Nodal dysfunction with aging, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and even endurance athletic training can lead to a wide variety of pathological clinical syndromes. Recent work utilizing molecular markers to map the extent of the node, alon ...
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.