Musculoskeletal Physiology
... muscle being stretched. The sense organ is a small encapsulated spindlelike or fusiform shaped structure called the muscle spindle, located within the fleshy part of the muscle. The impulses originating from the spindle are transmitted to the CNS by fast sensory fibers that pass directly to the moto ...
... muscle being stretched. The sense organ is a small encapsulated spindlelike or fusiform shaped structure called the muscle spindle, located within the fleshy part of the muscle. The impulses originating from the spindle are transmitted to the CNS by fast sensory fibers that pass directly to the moto ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... or circumflex coronary artery was occluded individually for 30 s, depending on which vessels perfused its identified sensory field. At least 5 min occurred between these interventions for preparation stabilization. The order that these vessels were occluded varied among animals. The order of applyin ...
... or circumflex coronary artery was occluded individually for 30 s, depending on which vessels perfused its identified sensory field. At least 5 min occurred between these interventions for preparation stabilization. The order that these vessels were occluded varied among animals. The order of applyin ...
Study of the human hypoglossal nucleus: Normal development and
... lack of interneurons: with normal or increased HGN boundaries as regards to standard values, and the only presence of large multipolar neurons, observed in 8 cases; somatostatin immunopositivity: with marked expression of this neurotransmitter in the HGN neurons, that instead should be immunoneg ...
... lack of interneurons: with normal or increased HGN boundaries as regards to standard values, and the only presence of large multipolar neurons, observed in 8 cases; somatostatin immunopositivity: with marked expression of this neurotransmitter in the HGN neurons, that instead should be immunoneg ...
THE SYNAPSE
... aldehyde-fixed tissue, asymmetric synapses include axons that contain predominantly round or spherical vesicles and form synapses that are distinguished by a thickened, postsynaptic density. In contrast, symmetric synapses involve axons that contain clusters of vesicles that are predominantly flatte ...
... aldehyde-fixed tissue, asymmetric synapses include axons that contain predominantly round or spherical vesicles and form synapses that are distinguished by a thickened, postsynaptic density. In contrast, symmetric synapses involve axons that contain clusters of vesicles that are predominantly flatte ...
The cutaneous sensory system Neuroscience and Biobehavioral
... properties of touch. Cutaneous sensory channels can be further classified as serving predominantly either discriminative or affective functions. The former provides information about the spatial and temporal localisation of events on the body surface, e.g., the presence of an insect or the temperatur ...
... properties of touch. Cutaneous sensory channels can be further classified as serving predominantly either discriminative or affective functions. The former provides information about the spatial and temporal localisation of events on the body surface, e.g., the presence of an insect or the temperatur ...
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions
... spinocerebellar pathway is composed of anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts; these are the major routes for transmitting postural input to the cerebellum (figure 17.4). Sensory input arriving at the cerebellum through these tracts is critical for regulating posture and balance and for coord ...
... spinocerebellar pathway is composed of anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts; these are the major routes for transmitting postural input to the cerebellum (figure 17.4). Sensory input arriving at the cerebellum through these tracts is critical for regulating posture and balance and for coord ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... a lateral neuron (i.e. minimum: #4 divided by #7; maximum: #4 divided 3) 9. Number of neurons receiving contacts onto their dendrites from the proximal arborisation of a lateral neuron (minimum: #5 divided by #6; maximum: #5 divided by 3) 10. Theoretical total number of GP neurons innervated by the ...
... a lateral neuron (i.e. minimum: #4 divided by #7; maximum: #4 divided 3) 9. Number of neurons receiving contacts onto their dendrites from the proximal arborisation of a lateral neuron (minimum: #5 divided by #6; maximum: #5 divided by 3) 10. Theoretical total number of GP neurons innervated by the ...
Conversion of Mouse and Human Fibroblasts into Functional Spinal
... reprogram fibroblasts into spinal motor neurons. Motor neurons control the contraction of muscle fibers actuating movement. Damage to motor neurons caused by either injury or disease can result in paralysis or death; consequently, there is significant interest in understanding how motor neurons rege ...
... reprogram fibroblasts into spinal motor neurons. Motor neurons control the contraction of muscle fibers actuating movement. Damage to motor neurons caused by either injury or disease can result in paralysis or death; consequently, there is significant interest in understanding how motor neurons rege ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... sensory stimulus will be represented as a unique spatiotemporal pattern of activity within that region of the brain. To understand how these spatiotemporal patterns of activity emerge from the ensemble activity, and how the information contained in the patterns is accessed and encoded by higher leve ...
... sensory stimulus will be represented as a unique spatiotemporal pattern of activity within that region of the brain. To understand how these spatiotemporal patterns of activity emerge from the ensemble activity, and how the information contained in the patterns is accessed and encoded by higher leve ...
Back Propagation Weight Update Rule
... Equations 21 and 22 show that the weights change is an input signal multiplied by a local gradient. This gives a direction that also has magnitude dependent on the magnitude of the error. If the direction is taken with no magnitude then all changes will be of equal size which will depend on the lea ...
... Equations 21 and 22 show that the weights change is an input signal multiplied by a local gradient. This gives a direction that also has magnitude dependent on the magnitude of the error. If the direction is taken with no magnitude then all changes will be of equal size which will depend on the lea ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... association cortex and to the septum and anterior thalamic/mammillary body circuits (Suzuki, 1996). The output pattern of the striatum suggests that sufficient coherent activation of striatal neurons leads to the generation of action potentials off up-states, and that these can set off changes in ac ...
... association cortex and to the septum and anterior thalamic/mammillary body circuits (Suzuki, 1996). The output pattern of the striatum suggests that sufficient coherent activation of striatal neurons leads to the generation of action potentials off up-states, and that these can set off changes in ac ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... their in vivo firing characteristics remain unchanged and are specific to individual neurons. A recent study has shown that neurons in the monkey medial motor areas can be grouped into 2 firing types, “likely random” and “quasi-regular,” according to a measure of local variation of interspike interv ...
... their in vivo firing characteristics remain unchanged and are specific to individual neurons. A recent study has shown that neurons in the monkey medial motor areas can be grouped into 2 firing types, “likely random” and “quasi-regular,” according to a measure of local variation of interspike interv ...
PDF
... of neuronal systems. For example, the inferior temporal cortex processes sensory information about shape and color, but is equally involved in storage of the same types of stimulus features [64]. Although psychology has traditionally divided the mind into separate functions, such as perception, memo ...
... of neuronal systems. For example, the inferior temporal cortex processes sensory information about shape and color, but is equally involved in storage of the same types of stimulus features [64]. Although psychology has traditionally divided the mind into separate functions, such as perception, memo ...
1. Materials and Methods
... Full testing of the best and less effective action then involved 3 ‘sensory’ conditions: vision-andsound (‘V+S’), vision-only (‘V’) and sound-only (‘S’), (see Figure 1B), and during the active performance of the best, and in part of the neurons, the less effective action (‘M’), see below. To test se ...
... Full testing of the best and less effective action then involved 3 ‘sensory’ conditions: vision-andsound (‘V+S’), vision-only (‘V’) and sound-only (‘S’), (see Figure 1B), and during the active performance of the best, and in part of the neurons, the less effective action (‘M’), see below. To test se ...
Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... with dichotic stimuli that reflect the filtering characteristic of adult external ears (Mrsic-Flogel et al. 2003). Despite these peripheral and central constraints on auditory processing, developing animals can localize sounds using binaural cues (Kelly and Potash 1986). This raises the possibility ...
... with dichotic stimuli that reflect the filtering characteristic of adult external ears (Mrsic-Flogel et al. 2003). Despite these peripheral and central constraints on auditory processing, developing animals can localize sounds using binaural cues (Kelly and Potash 1986). This raises the possibility ...
Document
... • Raises blood glucose levels • Mobilizes fat as a food source • Stimulates the reticular activating system (RAS) of the brain, increasing mental alertness ...
... • Raises blood glucose levels • Mobilizes fat as a food source • Stimulates the reticular activating system (RAS) of the brain, increasing mental alertness ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... to a grating covering its classical receptive field was lower (Fig. 1A, right) than in the example recorded with V1 intact, but the degree of suppression caused by the presence of an annular grating beyond the classical receptive field was much less (Fig. 1B, right). The spontaneous activity (Fig. 1 ...
... to a grating covering its classical receptive field was lower (Fig. 1A, right) than in the example recorded with V1 intact, but the degree of suppression caused by the presence of an annular grating beyond the classical receptive field was much less (Fig. 1B, right). The spontaneous activity (Fig. 1 ...
Reinforcement, and Punishment Striatal Mechanisms Underlying
... effect of striatal stimulation, indicating that striatal dopamine release may be necessary for the rewarding properties of these stimulation sites (64, 130, 153). Recent optogenetic experiments have directly elicited dopamine release in the striatum and revealed that certain stimulation paradigms su ...
... effect of striatal stimulation, indicating that striatal dopamine release may be necessary for the rewarding properties of these stimulation sites (64, 130, 153). Recent optogenetic experiments have directly elicited dopamine release in the striatum and revealed that certain stimulation paradigms su ...