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See the tutorial (network_modeling)
See the tutorial (network_modeling)

in brain & spinal cord
in brain & spinal cord

... From brain via motor tracts Contains centers for Reflex Arcs Interneurons switch/transfer incoming sensory impulses ...
Motor neuron
Motor neuron

... Degeneration of a specific group of brain cells that secrete dopamine which is responsible for the stimulation of motor neurons. When dopamine production is depleted, motor neurons are unable to control movement & co-ordination ...
File
File

cranial nerve ppt
cranial nerve ppt

... Special sensory – taste from epiglottis and pharynx Somatic motor – Swallowing and voice production via pharyngeal muscles Autonomic motor – smooth muscle of abdominal viscera, visceral glands secretions, relaxation of airways, and normal or decreased heart rate. Damage causes hoarseness or loss of ...
BIOL 218 F 2012 MTX 4 Q NS 121121
BIOL 218 F 2012 MTX 4 Q NS 121121

... ………about how you are kinda sure that you are never ever ever ever going to be a Nurse, let alone an MD and now you will probably have to settle for orderly or bank clerk or waitress but you are only monolingual and even those jobs require you to speak at least two languages and you have trouble writ ...
rview
rview

... A) It will either produce an action potential or not, depending entirely upon whether it is an excitatory or inhibitory neuron. B) It will integrate the incoming excitatory and inhibitory signals, with its rate of action potentials depending on the relative amount of each type of signal. C) It will ...
Anatomy of the Somatosensory System
Anatomy of the Somatosensory System

... for form and texture perception. As would be expected for receptors mediating form perception, Merkel’s receptors are present at high density in the digits and around the mouth (50/mm² of skin surface), at lower density in other glabrous surfaces, and at very low density in hairy skin. This innervat ...
Growth and Development
Growth and Development

Organization of Motor Systems
Organization of Motor Systems

... • 3. perform spinal reflexes (withdrawal, genitourinary reflexes) – but in human patients reflex responsiveness depends very much on the management of the patient after the injury. • No voluntary movements are possible for myotomes below the level of section. ...
Biology 231
Biology 231

Voltage-Dependent Switching of Sensorimotor Integration by a
Voltage-Dependent Switching of Sensorimotor Integration by a

... recruitment and effects to the respective adaptive processes. These data therefore suggest a novel state-dependent mechanism by which an endogenously active central network can decrease or increase its responsiveness to the same sensory input. Key words: central pattern generator; sensorimotor adapt ...
From autism to ADHD: computational simulations
From autism to ADHD: computational simulations

... nouns are acquired more readily than abstract words like verbs; • play is schematic, fast changes are not noticed (stable states cannot arise); • play with other children is avoided in favor of simple toys; • generalization and associations are quite poor; integration of different modalities that re ...
Nerves and Digestion
Nerves and Digestion

... 4. Cerebrum – controls vision, touch, and other senses. 5. Cerebellum – helps control balance and coordination. 6. Brain Stem – Controls digestion, breathing, heartbeat. Links the brain and spinal cord. ...
sensory receptors, neuronal circuits for processing information
sensory receptors, neuronal circuits for processing information

... These receptors are referred to collectively as low-threshold (or high-sensitivity) mechanoreceptors because even weak mechanical stimulation of the skin induces them to produce action potentials. All low-threshold mechanoreceptors are innervated by relatively large myelinated axons ensuring the rap ...
File
File

Olfactory tubercle neurons exhibit slowphasic firing patterns during
Olfactory tubercle neurons exhibit slowphasic firing patterns during

File - Shifa Students Corner
File - Shifa Students Corner

... input to the pallidum comes from the subthalamic nucleus  The output of the pallidum, which is also inhibitory, is to various thalamic nuclei. The thalamic nuclei project to and excite the premotor and supplementaty motor areas of the cerebral cortex, cortical areas concerned with eye movements, an ...
Short-term memory
Short-term memory

... by their short-term (milliseconds to a few seconds) activities (x i,yj ). The units store information by changing their synaptic weights (W ), with long-lasting effects (days, years). Information can be stored over intermediate time scales of seconds, minutes or hours by short-term memory elements, ...
L11Nervous tissue strusture 11
L11Nervous tissue strusture 11

Neuroscience 14b – Organisation of the Cerebral Cortex
Neuroscience 14b – Organisation of the Cerebral Cortex

... cord and corpus striatum. 6. Fusiform layer VI, which contains few large pyramidal neurons and many small spindle-like pyramidal and fusiform neurones; it sends efferent fibers to the thalamus, establishing a very precise reciprocal interconnection between the cortex and the thalamus. All the layers ...
Genetics
Genetics

... Axon: A thin, long structure that transmits signals from the cell body to the axon terminal. ...
Five Essential Components to the Reflex Arc
Five Essential Components to the Reflex Arc

Spinal Cord and reflexes lab
Spinal Cord and reflexes lab

Optogenetics
Optogenetics

... altered cardiac muscle cells to make them controllable with light. They were able to use directed blue light to cause conditions such as arrhythmia in genetically modified mice. ...
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Central pattern generator

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are biological neural networks that produce rhythmic patterned outputs without sensory feedback. CPGs have been shown to produce rhythmic outputs resembling normal ""rhythmic motor pattern production"" even in isolation from motor and sensory feedback from limbs and other muscle targets. To be classified as a rhythmic generator, a CPG requires:1. ""two or more processes that interact such that each process sequentially increases and decreases, and 2. that, as a result of this interaction, the system repeatedly returns to its starting condition.
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