PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS
... 1) NAG (N-acetylglucosamine) 2) NAMA (or NAM; N-acetylmuramic acid) There is an alternating sequence of NAG and NAMA. 2. Peptide component: Each NAG-NAM layer is connected, or crosslinked, to the other by a ‘bridge’ made of amino acids. The particular amino acids vary among different species. The cr ...
... 1) NAG (N-acetylglucosamine) 2) NAMA (or NAM; N-acetylmuramic acid) There is an alternating sequence of NAG and NAMA. 2. Peptide component: Each NAG-NAM layer is connected, or crosslinked, to the other by a ‘bridge’ made of amino acids. The particular amino acids vary among different species. The cr ...
Lecture 5
... 1. add test bacteria to small amount of melted agar 2. pour over surface of nutrient agar plate, let gel 3. add paper disks with known dose of antibiotic to surface 4. incubate: antibiotic will diffuse into medium as cells grow 5. examine plate: look for clear zones around disk where growth is inhib ...
... 1. add test bacteria to small amount of melted agar 2. pour over surface of nutrient agar plate, let gel 3. add paper disks with known dose of antibiotic to surface 4. incubate: antibiotic will diffuse into medium as cells grow 5. examine plate: look for clear zones around disk where growth is inhib ...
Bacterial Physiology
... b. Cell wall following that c. Then it starts to get different- outside of the cell wall, there is another membrane i. This is called the outer membrane (OM) ii. It is not like the cytoplasmic membrane (inner membrane) iii. OM is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the other structures on here are various ...
... b. Cell wall following that c. Then it starts to get different- outside of the cell wall, there is another membrane i. This is called the outer membrane (OM) ii. It is not like the cytoplasmic membrane (inner membrane) iii. OM is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the other structures on here are various ...
Degradation by bacteria of membrane and soluble protein in seawater
... level (1.5 X 107 cells ml-l). After 50 h, bacterial abundance decreased while flagellate abundance increased. The flagellate abundance was as high as 8 X 103 cells ml-l. A similar general pattern of changes in abundance of bacteria and flagellates was observed in Expt 5 (data not shown). No data of ...
... level (1.5 X 107 cells ml-l). After 50 h, bacterial abundance decreased while flagellate abundance increased. The flagellate abundance was as high as 8 X 103 cells ml-l. A similar general pattern of changes in abundance of bacteria and flagellates was observed in Expt 5 (data not shown). No data of ...
Regulation of Phosphate Transport in Proximal Tubule
... • Both cotransporters show similar affinity fo Na (-50mM) and Pi (<0.1mM) • Why is stoichiometry important? – It allows the favorable inward gradient to drive continued phosphate uptake despite a falling tubular fluid phosphate concentration ...
... • Both cotransporters show similar affinity fo Na (-50mM) and Pi (<0.1mM) • Why is stoichiometry important? – It allows the favorable inward gradient to drive continued phosphate uptake despite a falling tubular fluid phosphate concentration ...
pathogenesis of bacterial infection pathogenicity toxigenicity
... nasopharynx are aspirated into the lungs. Infection develops in the terminal air space of the lungs in persons who do not have protective antibodies against that type of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Multiplication of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and resultant inflammation lead to pneumonia. The str ...
... nasopharynx are aspirated into the lungs. Infection develops in the terminal air space of the lungs in persons who do not have protective antibodies against that type of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Multiplication of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and resultant inflammation lead to pneumonia. The str ...
pathogenesis of bacterial infection pathogenicity toxigenicity
... nasopharynx are aspirated into the lungs. Infection develops in the terminal air space of the lungs in persons who do not have protective antibodies against that type of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Multiplication of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and resultant inflammation lead to pneumonia. The str ...
... nasopharynx are aspirated into the lungs. Infection develops in the terminal air space of the lungs in persons who do not have protective antibodies against that type of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Multiplication of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and resultant inflammation lead to pneumonia. The str ...
The Plasma Membrane of the Cyanobacterium
... outward into the periplasmic region between the plasma and outer membranes (Inoue et al., 2004; Mimuro et al., 2008), as this compartment differs significantly from the environment within the thylakoid lumen. In particular, this can be recognized by the low sequence homology of the peripheral photos ...
... outward into the periplasmic region between the plasma and outer membranes (Inoue et al., 2004; Mimuro et al., 2008), as this compartment differs significantly from the environment within the thylakoid lumen. In particular, this can be recognized by the low sequence homology of the peripheral photos ...
The Plasma Membrane of the Cyanobacterium
... outward into the periplasmic region between the plasma and outer membranes (Inoue et al., 2004; Mimuro et al., 2008), as this compartment differs significantly from the environment within the thylakoid lumen. In particular, this can be recognized by the low sequence homology of the peripheral photos ...
... outward into the periplasmic region between the plasma and outer membranes (Inoue et al., 2004; Mimuro et al., 2008), as this compartment differs significantly from the environment within the thylakoid lumen. In particular, this can be recognized by the low sequence homology of the peripheral photos ...
The concept of a bacterium
... homogeneous group : the unicellular eubacteria which multiply by binary fission. B u t as the exploration of the microbial world proceeded, other groups, whose properties differed to a greater or lesser degree from those of the classical unicellular eubacteria, came to be accepted by the biologists ...
... homogeneous group : the unicellular eubacteria which multiply by binary fission. B u t as the exploration of the microbial world proceeded, other groups, whose properties differed to a greater or lesser degree from those of the classical unicellular eubacteria, came to be accepted by the biologists ...
Active Reading Example and Exercise
... shoes. Foot and shoe cleanliness will also affect bacterial growth, since bacteria will grow at an exponential rate and be significantly worse if they're already present. Crevices created by long toenails or lots of body hair will also create extra surface area on which bacteria can proliferate. The ...
... shoes. Foot and shoe cleanliness will also affect bacterial growth, since bacteria will grow at an exponential rate and be significantly worse if they're already present. Crevices created by long toenails or lots of body hair will also create extra surface area on which bacteria can proliferate. The ...
trisphosphate specifically interacts with the phox homology domain
... phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid and choline, plays key roles in cellular signal transduction by mediating extracellular stimuli including hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, cytokines and extracellular matrix molecules. The molecular mechanisms by which domains regulate the activit ...
... phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid and choline, plays key roles in cellular signal transduction by mediating extracellular stimuli including hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, cytokines and extracellular matrix molecules. The molecular mechanisms by which domains regulate the activit ...
3.1.3 Monera – Bacteria
... and animals, e.g. tuberculosis, pneumonia, etc. • If they enter the body through a wound they can multiply and effect the nerves and activity of muscles • Bacteria can cause food spoilage and tooth decay. ...
... and animals, e.g. tuberculosis, pneumonia, etc. • If they enter the body through a wound they can multiply and effect the nerves and activity of muscles • Bacteria can cause food spoilage and tooth decay. ...
Host Tissues May Actively Respond to Beneficial Microbes
... Washington, Seattle. Highly specific interactions occur between bacterial adhesin proteins and carbohydrate or protein receptors found on the surfaces of other bacteria. For example, a 26-amino-acid fragment of the SspB polypeptide made by Streptococcus gordonii is critical for its association with ...
... Washington, Seattle. Highly specific interactions occur between bacterial adhesin proteins and carbohydrate or protein receptors found on the surfaces of other bacteria. For example, a 26-amino-acid fragment of the SspB polypeptide made by Streptococcus gordonii is critical for its association with ...
2421_Ch10-11.ppt
... Bergey’s Manual Volumes I - IV I. Gram-negative bacteria of medical and industrial importance II. Gram-positive bacteria of medical and industrial importance III. Other Gram-negative bacteria IV. Actinomycetes and other Gram-positive bacteria review table 11.1 pages 305-306 ...
... Bergey’s Manual Volumes I - IV I. Gram-negative bacteria of medical and industrial importance II. Gram-positive bacteria of medical and industrial importance III. Other Gram-negative bacteria IV. Actinomycetes and other Gram-positive bacteria review table 11.1 pages 305-306 ...
LECTURE 12 THE BACTERIA
... • 5 major groups (“classes”): !Alphaproteobacteria !Betaproteobacteria !Gammaproteobacteria !Deltaproteobacteria !Epsilonproteobacteria ...
... • 5 major groups (“classes”): !Alphaproteobacteria !Betaproteobacteria !Gammaproteobacteria !Deltaproteobacteria !Epsilonproteobacteria ...
Handout
... Bergey’s Manual Volumes I - IV I. Gram-negative bacteria of medical and industrial importance II. Gram-positive bacteria of medical and industrial importance III. Other Gram-negative bacteria IV. Actinomycetes and other Gram-positive bacteria review table 11.1 pages 305-306 ...
... Bergey’s Manual Volumes I - IV I. Gram-negative bacteria of medical and industrial importance II. Gram-positive bacteria of medical and industrial importance III. Other Gram-negative bacteria IV. Actinomycetes and other Gram-positive bacteria review table 11.1 pages 305-306 ...
like - bYTEBoss
... • Some viruses have DNA as its core and some has RNA. • Viruses are so small they only have enough genes for the protein coat and enzymes that allow the virus to take over its host cell. • Viruses have some characteristics of living things – like genetic material, but they lack three things – they a ...
... • Some viruses have DNA as its core and some has RNA. • Viruses are so small they only have enough genes for the protein coat and enzymes that allow the virus to take over its host cell. • Viruses have some characteristics of living things – like genetic material, but they lack three things – they a ...
Microbial Metabolism
... • Vitamins • A few bacteria produce various vitamins, e.g. some certain bacteria growing in the intestine produce vitamin K. This action is thought to be beneficial to the host. ...
... • Vitamins • A few bacteria produce various vitamins, e.g. some certain bacteria growing in the intestine produce vitamin K. This action is thought to be beneficial to the host. ...
Diapositiva 1
... > To become an active ligand requires: > > Autoprocessing reaction > > Palmitoylation of the most amino-terminal cysteine > Once released into the extracellular environment, interacts with different proteins in multimeric form > Targets Patched (Ptc) protein ...
... > To become an active ligand requires: > > Autoprocessing reaction > > Palmitoylation of the most amino-terminal cysteine > Once released into the extracellular environment, interacts with different proteins in multimeric form > Targets Patched (Ptc) protein ...
Role of lipids in the translocation of proteins across membranes
... peripheral ATPase SecA [17]. The SecYEG complex forms the actual channel through which precursors are guided to the periplasm and provides the high-affinity binding site for SecA at the membrane [18]. Proteins destined for translocation are synthesized with an N-terminal extension : the signal pepti ...
... peripheral ATPase SecA [17]. The SecYEG complex forms the actual channel through which precursors are guided to the periplasm and provides the high-affinity binding site for SecA at the membrane [18]. Proteins destined for translocation are synthesized with an N-terminal extension : the signal pepti ...
Membrane protein integration into the endoplasmic reticulum
... of them containing charged residues [49–51]. These observations, together with the fact that TRAM itself contains an unusually high number of charged residues within its TM segments, led to the idea that TRAM could act as a chaperone for the integration of nonoptimal TM segments by providing a more ...
... of them containing charged residues [49–51]. These observations, together with the fact that TRAM itself contains an unusually high number of charged residues within its TM segments, led to the idea that TRAM could act as a chaperone for the integration of nonoptimal TM segments by providing a more ...
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin
In molecular biology, trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs), are proteins found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria use TAAs in order to infect their host cells via a process called cell adhesion. TAAs also go by another name, oligomeric coiled-coil adhesins, which is shortened to OCAs. In essence, they are virulence factors, factors that make the bacteria harmful and infective to the host organism.TAAs are just one of many methods bacteria use to infect their hosts, infection resulting in diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Most bacteria infect their host through a method named the secretion pathway. TAAs are part of the secretion pathway, to be more specific the type Vc secretion system.Trimeric autotransporter adhesins have a unique structure. The structure they hold is crucial to their function. They all appear to have a head-stalk-anchor structure. Each TAA is made up of three identical proteins, hence the name trimeric. Once the membrane anchor has been inserted into the outer membrane, the passenger domain passes through it into the host extracellular environment autonomously, hence the description of autotransporter. The head domain, once assembled, then adheres to an element of the host extracellular matrix, for example, collagen, fibronectin, etc.