bacteria The single-celled organisms called bacteria live on, in, and
... in many ways, such as through the mouth or through cuts in the skin. If they multiply sufficiently they can cause an infection. The infection may be caused by the microbes themselves, or by poisons called toxins that they produce. Some toxins, such as those produced by Staphylococcus aureus, are mor ...
... in many ways, such as through the mouth or through cuts in the skin. If they multiply sufficiently they can cause an infection. The infection may be caused by the microbes themselves, or by poisons called toxins that they produce. Some toxins, such as those produced by Staphylococcus aureus, are mor ...
Membrane Filtration in the Dairy Industry
... Polymeric membranes include a range of different membrane types such as spiral wound, hollow fibre and flat sheet (plate-and-frame) membranes - all of which are made from organic materials. Polymeric spiral wound membranes provide a high membrane area per element leading to smaller and less expensiv ...
... Polymeric membranes include a range of different membrane types such as spiral wound, hollow fibre and flat sheet (plate-and-frame) membranes - all of which are made from organic materials. Polymeric spiral wound membranes provide a high membrane area per element leading to smaller and less expensiv ...
Development of novel and high value products in green algae
... To get 1kg of osteopontin from algae a company would only need to produce 100kg of biomass • Algae biotechnology opens up new opportunities in health and nutrition • Advances made by algae cultivators can be applied to algal strains producing high value biologics ...
... To get 1kg of osteopontin from algae a company would only need to produce 100kg of biomass • Algae biotechnology opens up new opportunities in health and nutrition • Advances made by algae cultivators can be applied to algal strains producing high value biologics ...
1 1. Introduction Quorum is a Greek word. In the ancient
... not too important bacterial features. Nowadays, this has completely changed. As more and more QS systems have been discovered, it has become clear that bacterial communication does not occur in only a few isolated cases. QS is an essential part of bacterial life. The bacterium, with its QS system, h ...
... not too important bacterial features. Nowadays, this has completely changed. As more and more QS systems have been discovered, it has become clear that bacterial communication does not occur in only a few isolated cases. QS is an essential part of bacterial life. The bacterium, with its QS system, h ...
LECTURE # 1
... Figure 1.16 Modern binocular (two eyepieces) microscope. Note the mechanical stage, which facilitates the movement of slides. Both objectives and oculars are designed for different magnifications. The objectives usually are mounted in a rotating wheel known as a turret or revolving nosepiece; any o ...
... Figure 1.16 Modern binocular (two eyepieces) microscope. Note the mechanical stage, which facilitates the movement of slides. Both objectives and oculars are designed for different magnifications. The objectives usually are mounted in a rotating wheel known as a turret or revolving nosepiece; any o ...
The Growth of Microorganisms
... Picture one little dandelion in your yard that grows up, makes the cute little puff ball and you blow it to make a wish (let’s say 50). Now each one of those little fuzzy seeds grows up in your yard to make another little puff ball the next week (50x50= 2,500 seeds). By week three your 50 little pla ...
... Picture one little dandelion in your yard that grows up, makes the cute little puff ball and you blow it to make a wish (let’s say 50). Now each one of those little fuzzy seeds grows up in your yard to make another little puff ball the next week (50x50= 2,500 seeds). By week three your 50 little pla ...
18.4 Bacteria and Archaea Kingdom Eubacteria Domain Bacteria
... • May survive by forming endospores = specialized cell with thick protective cell wall. ...
... • May survive by forming endospores = specialized cell with thick protective cell wall. ...
Mutational Analysis of Synaptobrevin Transmembrane Domain
... both the structure and the function of SNAREs. Synaptobrevin forms a complex with synaptophysin that is dependent on the presence of the transmembrane domain (14, 15). Several previous reports in the literature have described homodimerization of synaptobrevin that is dependent on the transmembrane d ...
... both the structure and the function of SNAREs. Synaptobrevin forms a complex with synaptophysin that is dependent on the presence of the transmembrane domain (14, 15). Several previous reports in the literature have described homodimerization of synaptobrevin that is dependent on the transmembrane d ...
12 Insights into the mechanisms underlying CFTR channel activity
... transmembrane segments in the membrane may be structured as lengthy helical segments extending from the membrane domain, perpendicular to the plane of the lipid bilayer. Shorter helical segments at the foot of these long extensions and lying parallel to the surface of the NBD heterodimer have been c ...
... transmembrane segments in the membrane may be structured as lengthy helical segments extending from the membrane domain, perpendicular to the plane of the lipid bilayer. Shorter helical segments at the foot of these long extensions and lying parallel to the surface of the NBD heterodimer have been c ...
The paradox of elongation factor 4: highly conserved, yet of no
... the PRE complex, competing with EF-G to inhibit the elongation cycle [79,80] (Figure 1). The rate of the reaction of EF4 with the PRE complex is as rapid as that of EF-G with the PRE complex [80]. Such effects of EF4 would be expected to slow down peptide synthesis and thereby facilitate co-translat ...
... the PRE complex, competing with EF-G to inhibit the elongation cycle [79,80] (Figure 1). The rate of the reaction of EF4 with the PRE complex is as rapid as that of EF-G with the PRE complex [80]. Such effects of EF4 would be expected to slow down peptide synthesis and thereby facilitate co-translat ...
Microbiology/Biochemistry of the Nitrogen Cycle Innovative
... in growth rates of the bacterial species at the process design temperature (30-40 OC) a selection can be made wherein the nitrite oxidizing bacteria can be washed out of the system while ammonia oxidizing bacteria are retained along with denitrifying bacteria. Using this metabolic mode of operation ...
... in growth rates of the bacterial species at the process design temperature (30-40 OC) a selection can be made wherein the nitrite oxidizing bacteria can be washed out of the system while ammonia oxidizing bacteria are retained along with denitrifying bacteria. Using this metabolic mode of operation ...
Reprint
... results in the loss of its eRF3-binding properties both in vivo and in vitro (Fig. 1). Such deletions alter a conserved GFGGIGxxxRY motif present at the C-terminus of eRF1 [18] which suggests that it might play a key role in eRF1 binding to eRF3. Also, the high number of acidic residues present in t ...
... results in the loss of its eRF3-binding properties both in vivo and in vitro (Fig. 1). Such deletions alter a conserved GFGGIGxxxRY motif present at the C-terminus of eRF1 [18] which suggests that it might play a key role in eRF1 binding to eRF3. Also, the high number of acidic residues present in t ...
A new type of plant chitinase containing LysM domains from a fern
... peptidoglycan-binding protein from A. metalliredigens (NCBI accession no. YP 001318427); Bp amidase, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase from Bacillus pumilus (NCBI accession no. YP 001486402),Vc Chi, lysozyme/chitinase from Volvox carteri (NCBI accession no. AAC13727); Os CEBiP, chitooligosaccharide ...
... peptidoglycan-binding protein from A. metalliredigens (NCBI accession no. YP 001318427); Bp amidase, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase from Bacillus pumilus (NCBI accession no. YP 001486402),Vc Chi, lysozyme/chitinase from Volvox carteri (NCBI accession no. AAC13727); Os CEBiP, chitooligosaccharide ...
Growth Curve (four phases)
... For bacteria (e.g. Klebsiella and Enterobacter) that produce more neutral products from glucose (e.g. ethyl alcohol, acetyl methyl carbinol). In this neutral pH the growth of the bacteria is not inhibited. The bacteria thus begin to attack the peptone in the broth, causing the pH to rise above 6.2. ...
... For bacteria (e.g. Klebsiella and Enterobacter) that produce more neutral products from glucose (e.g. ethyl alcohol, acetyl methyl carbinol). In this neutral pH the growth of the bacteria is not inhibited. The bacteria thus begin to attack the peptone in the broth, causing the pH to rise above 6.2. ...
08 Ecology of microorganisms
... •Dental manipulation: wounds seed with oral streptococci might invade via blood and adhere to heart valve previously damaged due to rheumatic fever •Intra-abdominal abscesses: anaerobes from intestinal tract ...
... •Dental manipulation: wounds seed with oral streptococci might invade via blood and adhere to heart valve previously damaged due to rheumatic fever •Intra-abdominal abscesses: anaerobes from intestinal tract ...
Final Platform Presentation
... • If an actual experiment tested this, will there actually be no or almost no bacteria on an item after being treated with Lysol? • Other similar studies had been performed and results differed. • The results differed due to substrate and disinfectant used. • This prompted my curiosity of Lysol and ...
... • If an actual experiment tested this, will there actually be no or almost no bacteria on an item after being treated with Lysol? • Other similar studies had been performed and results differed. • The results differed due to substrate and disinfectant used. • This prompted my curiosity of Lysol and ...
Structure and mechanism of ATP-dependent phospholipid transporters
... show an allosteric behavior for hydrolysis of the two ATP molecules, presumably controlled by the D-loop [26,33,35]. ABC transporters present three different types of structural folding, depending on the organization of their transmembrane segments [36,37]. Thus, it is possible to distinguish betwee ...
... show an allosteric behavior for hydrolysis of the two ATP molecules, presumably controlled by the D-loop [26,33,35]. ABC transporters present three different types of structural folding, depending on the organization of their transmembrane segments [36,37]. Thus, it is possible to distinguish betwee ...
Bacterial anti-adhesive properties of polysulfone membranes
... in the development of biofilms on membrane surfaces [8]. While the initial transport of planktonic bacteria to a membrane surface is mainly controlled by hydrodynamic factors (such as cross-flow velocity and permeate flow rate), the initial adhesion of bacteria on the membrane surface is governed by bo ...
... in the development of biofilms on membrane surfaces [8]. While the initial transport of planktonic bacteria to a membrane surface is mainly controlled by hydrodynamic factors (such as cross-flow velocity and permeate flow rate), the initial adhesion of bacteria on the membrane surface is governed by bo ...
Diversification of epithelial adherens junctions with independent
... and the other DN-cadherin. To examine the correlation between the patterns of amino acid substitutions in the CP domains and the extracellular domain organizations (A1 or A2), the entire amino acid sequences of Gb1-, Fc1-, Af1-, Af2-, Le, Cj-, and At-cadherin were determined. Gb1-, Fc1-, and Af1cadh ...
... and the other DN-cadherin. To examine the correlation between the patterns of amino acid substitutions in the CP domains and the extracellular domain organizations (A1 or A2), the entire amino acid sequences of Gb1-, Fc1-, Af1-, Af2-, Le, Cj-, and At-cadherin were determined. Gb1-, Fc1-, and Af1cadh ...
The objectives of this chapter are to
... generally given credit for the development of the compound light microscope in 1595, although the origins of this instrument are somewhat obscure. It is interesting to note that compound microscopes were available at the time Leeuwenhoek made his momentous discoveries. However, the early compound mi ...
... generally given credit for the development of the compound light microscope in 1595, although the origins of this instrument are somewhat obscure. It is interesting to note that compound microscopes were available at the time Leeuwenhoek made his momentous discoveries. However, the early compound mi ...
27LecturePresentation
... • An important feature of nearly all prokaryotic cells is their cell wall, which maintains cell shape, provides physical protection, and prevents the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment • Eukaryote cell walls are made of cellulose or chitin ...
... • An important feature of nearly all prokaryotic cells is their cell wall, which maintains cell shape, provides physical protection, and prevents the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment • Eukaryote cell walls are made of cellulose or chitin ...
Lecture 1 ― INTRODUCTION INTO MICROBIOLOGY
... FIMBRIAE (PILI) Fimbriae are short, hair-like structures on the surfaces of bacteria. Like flagella, they are composed of protein (pilin). Fimbriae are very common in Gram-negative bacteria, but occur in some Gram-positive bacteria as well. Function: the major factor of bacterial virulence bec ...
... FIMBRIAE (PILI) Fimbriae are short, hair-like structures on the surfaces of bacteria. Like flagella, they are composed of protein (pilin). Fimbriae are very common in Gram-negative bacteria, but occur in some Gram-positive bacteria as well. Function: the major factor of bacterial virulence bec ...
Determination of Binding Sites of Cadherin Peptides on the EC1
... the binding activity of the N-terminus of E-cadherin. At low protein concentration, intramolecular binding of tryptophan-2 (W2) side-chain into the W2 pocket on the same molecule was detected via chemical shift changes. However, at high protein concentration, the X-ray structure indicates that two m ...
... the binding activity of the N-terminus of E-cadherin. At low protein concentration, intramolecular binding of tryptophan-2 (W2) side-chain into the W2 pocket on the same molecule was detected via chemical shift changes. However, at high protein concentration, the X-ray structure indicates that two m ...
REVIEWS
... translocates drugs into the TolC pore through which they cross both the periplasm and outer membrane. As TolC can couple to many different transporters, besides AcrB, it serves a generic role and has little or no function in determining the specificity or directionality of transport. The structure o ...
... translocates drugs into the TolC pore through which they cross both the periplasm and outer membrane. As TolC can couple to many different transporters, besides AcrB, it serves a generic role and has little or no function in determining the specificity or directionality of transport. The structure o ...
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin
In molecular biology, trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs), are proteins found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria use TAAs in order to infect their host cells via a process called cell adhesion. TAAs also go by another name, oligomeric coiled-coil adhesins, which is shortened to OCAs. In essence, they are virulence factors, factors that make the bacteria harmful and infective to the host organism.TAAs are just one of many methods bacteria use to infect their hosts, infection resulting in diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Most bacteria infect their host through a method named the secretion pathway. TAAs are part of the secretion pathway, to be more specific the type Vc secretion system.Trimeric autotransporter adhesins have a unique structure. The structure they hold is crucial to their function. They all appear to have a head-stalk-anchor structure. Each TAA is made up of three identical proteins, hence the name trimeric. Once the membrane anchor has been inserted into the outer membrane, the passenger domain passes through it into the host extracellular environment autonomously, hence the description of autotransporter. The head domain, once assembled, then adheres to an element of the host extracellular matrix, for example, collagen, fibronectin, etc.