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Network properties of human disease genes with pleiotropic effects
Network properties of human disease genes with pleiotropic effects

... Full list of author information is available at the end of the article ...
Genetics
Genetics

nCounter PanCancer Pathways Panel
nCounter PanCancer Pathways Panel

... WNT, Hedgehog, RAS and MAPK). These observations suggest that the luminal breast cancer phenotype may result from multiple sources of pathway deregulation. Basal-like and HER2-enriched samples show very high deregulation of an almost entirely different set of pathways (Apoptosis, DNA Damage Control, ...
Outline Nov. 8 Types of Gene Regulation Types of Gene Regulation
Outline Nov. 8 Types of Gene Regulation Types of Gene Regulation

... • Repressor (trpR) is activated by tryptophan – Changes shape so it can bind to the operator. – 70x reduction in synthesis ...
Plant Molecular Biology
Plant Molecular Biology

... To isolate hybrids resulting from in vivo homologous recombination, 5/~g of plasmid pMP600 or pMP800 DNA was treated with 80 units of Eco RI for 3 hours and subsequently transformed to E. coli KMBLl164. The insertion of the CAT gene in the used plasmids is an improvement of the method described by T ...
Bacterial genospecies that are not ecologically
Bacterial genospecies that are not ecologically

... JSPECIES package [30] using MUMMER (ANIm). The cut-off for per cent similarity between two genomes belonging to the same species is 96%, which generally gives a similar result to the DNA–DNA hybridization threshold value of 70% [31]. This method was applied to representative strains that were select ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions

... 1996b; Table 1). We have sequenced this 4.1-kb EcoRI fragment and showed that it encodes for nodF, nodE, and nodG genes and part of the nodA gene. The rest of the nodA gene was found on a contiguous 0.4-kb EcoRI fragment (pJC7) and next to this fragment we identified a 2.4-kb EcoRI fragment (pJC4) t ...
Genes
Genes

... fragmentation of an ortholog into two smaller ORFs. For the bottom most 11L ortholog showed in the above diagram is showed to have several large in-frame deletions in the gene when compared to the aligned genomes. Fusion between MGF 110 – 13L amino terminus and 11L carboxy terminus separated by dele ...
Ch. 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Ch. 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

... supported evidence of chromosome theory:specific genes carried on  specific chromosomes ...
- American Diabetes Association
- American Diabetes Association

... using the RMA procedure for the Affymetrix data and the quantile normalization procedure for the Illumina data using R/Bioconductor (8). Differentially expressed genes were identified by comparing subjects with their matched healthy control subjects. Since the follow-up series is not fully synchroniz ...
Supplement Figures
Supplement Figures

... an approximation for the codon translation speed. The tAI index was developed mainly based on optimizing the translation efficiency of highly express genes. Two recent papers [15, 16] used evolutionary selection for translation efficiency as a means to learn the efficiency and coefficients of codon- ...
WHAT IS A GENE? - Electronic Scholarly Publishing
WHAT IS A GENE? - Electronic Scholarly Publishing

... methods. Cytological studies of Dobzhansky10 and Muller and Painter18 indicate that genetical distances between loci do not always correspond with the actual distances as they exist in chromosomes. ...
Normalization of gene expression measurements in tumor tissues
Normalization of gene expression measurements in tumor tissues

... RNA amount in some studies.3,9 This does not prove that these genes are invariably expressed during tumorigenesis. In addition, total RNA quantification does not correct for RNA quality differences (eg due to storage), nor for differences in reverse transcriptase efficiencies between samples.27 It i ...
Integrated Analysis of Microarray Data and Gene Function Information.
Integrated Analysis of Microarray Data and Gene Function Information.

... Materials and Methods Indicator table – unified coding of the microarrayderived gene groups and gene function categories Microarrays are often used for identifying genes that are differentially expressed among different conditions. The groups of genes that are up-regulated or down-regulated in the t ...
The Comparison of Transcriptomes Undergoing Waterlogging at the
The Comparison of Transcriptomes Undergoing Waterlogging at the

... under waterlogging stress. It is interesting to note that 3.1% of differentially expressed transcripts encode products that are involved in pathways related to cell-wall loosening enzymes. An additional 6.7% of the differentially expressed transcripts were predicted to encode enzymes related to prot ...
The evolutionary causes and consequences of sex
The evolutionary causes and consequences of sex

... Abstract | Females and males often differ extensively in their physical traits. This sexual dimorphism is largely caused by differences in gene expression. Recent advances in genomics, such as RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), have revealed the nature and extent of sex-biased gene expression in diverse spec ...
H H
H H

Document
Document

... – Autosomal recessive disorder: Any offspring with two recessive genes (cc) will have the disease/disorder – A carrier is heterozygous (Cc) for a recessive disorder ...
Autosomal monoallelic expression in the mouse
Autosomal monoallelic expression in the mouse

... variation beyond the phenotypic variation dictated by genotypic variation. Thus, it is important to take into account random monoallelic expression when examining genotype-phenotype correlation. ...
Genes and dementia - Alzheimer`s Research UK
Genes and dementia - Alzheimer`s Research UK

... Is genetic testing available? Genetic testing can be offered on the NHS to someone with suspected inherited Alzheimer’s. This is a blood test, used to confirm a mutation in the PSEN1, PSEN2 or APP genes. This is known as diagnostic genetic testing and must be done at a specialist centre. A consent f ...
Eukaryote-to-eukaryote gene transfer events revealed by the
Eukaryote-to-eukaryote gene transfer events revealed by the

... genes present in S288c were not found in the EC1118 genome (Table S4). Most of these genes are repeated and located in subtelomeric regions, which have not been accurately assembled, making it difficult to estimate copy number precisely. However, several of these genes (e.g., HXT16, PAU21, and SOR1) ...
File
File

... Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Enduring understanding 1.A: Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time is ...
The Power of Memes - Dr Susan Blackmore
The Power of Memes - Dr Susan Blackmore

... the song, adapt an old technology or concoct a new theory out of old ideas. Of all these variations, some go on to be copied many times, whereas others die out. Memes are thus true replicators, possessing all three properties—replication, variation, selection—needed to spawn a new Darwinian evolutio ...
the human y chromosome, in the light of evolution
the human y chromosome, in the light of evolution

... within this year. So far, 21 distinct genes or gene families that are expressed in healthy tissues have been identified in the human NRY. These group into three salient classes — classes 1, 2 and 3 — largely on the basis of expression profile and homology to the X. The eight known class 1 genes are ...
Adaptive Evolution of Proteins Secreted during Sperm Maturation
Adaptive Evolution of Proteins Secreted during Sperm Maturation

... mouse–human  1.190, mouse–dog  1.368, or mouse– cow  1.442 (each representing greater than twice the median dS estimated from these respective genome pairs). Because our expression definitions were based on data collected within a single inbred strain of mice, but evolutionary rates were estimate ...
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Essential gene



Essential genes are those genes of an organism that are thought to be critical for its survival. However, being essential is highly dependent on the circumstances in which an organism lives. For instance, a gene required to digest starch is only essential if starch is the only source of energy. Recently, systematic attempts have been made to identify those genes that are absolutely required to maintain life, provided that all nutrients are available. Such experiments have led to the conclusion that the absolutely required number of genes for bacteria is on the order of about 250-300. These essential genes encode proteins to maintain a central metabolism, replicate DNA, translate genes into proteins, maintain a basic cellular structure, and mediate transport processes into and out of the cell. Most genes are not essential but convey selective advantages and increased fitness.
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