Economic Fluctuations, Unemployment, and Inflation
... into an expansionary phase of the business cycle. Note that the actual rate of unemployment was greater than the natural rate during and immediately following each ...
... into an expansionary phase of the business cycle. Note that the actual rate of unemployment was greater than the natural rate during and immediately following each ...
Wages Behaviour and Unemployment in Keynes and New
... of real wage could remain largely unaffected and, more in general, nominal wage changes can produce complex effects on output and employment which are difficult to generalise. Particularly unsatisfied by the explanation of his contemporary economists, he also provided an alternative reason for the o ...
... of real wage could remain largely unaffected and, more in general, nominal wage changes can produce complex effects on output and employment which are difficult to generalise. Particularly unsatisfied by the explanation of his contemporary economists, he also provided an alternative reason for the o ...
Asian International Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2016
... Asian International Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2016 Copyright © 2016 Asian International Journal of Social Sciences ...
... Asian International Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2016 Copyright © 2016 Asian International Journal of Social Sciences ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES David Card Richard B. Freeman
... somewhat from the other two – for example, it ignores the level of taxation but counts freedom of association in the labour market. The index was produced only one, and so we leave it out of our analysis. Nevertheless, it is sufficiently highly correlated with the other two indicators that we do no ...
... somewhat from the other two – for example, it ignores the level of taxation but counts freedom of association in the labour market. The index was produced only one, and so we leave it out of our analysis. Nevertheless, it is sufficiently highly correlated with the other two indicators that we do no ...
Employment Growth in North America since NAFTA: What Has Changed
... United States exports to Canada are mainly concentrated in motor vehicles and car bodies, parts and accessories which in 1998, amounted to around 30.6 million dollars, or 19.5 percent of total US exports. &ports of aircraft and parts, telecommunications equipment and electronic equipment grew faster ...
... United States exports to Canada are mainly concentrated in motor vehicles and car bodies, parts and accessories which in 1998, amounted to around 30.6 million dollars, or 19.5 percent of total US exports. &ports of aircraft and parts, telecommunications equipment and electronic equipment grew faster ...
Grad8
... is derived from the economy’s effective demand (or aggregate demand) for output. Keynes noted that Say, Ricardo, and Mill each taught what is now commonly referred to as Says Law: Supply creates its own demand. What we see here is that Keynes turns Say’s Law on its head. In Keynes’ model, it is the ...
... is derived from the economy’s effective demand (or aggregate demand) for output. Keynes noted that Say, Ricardo, and Mill each taught what is now commonly referred to as Says Law: Supply creates its own demand. What we see here is that Keynes turns Say’s Law on its head. In Keynes’ model, it is the ...
Mankiw 6e PowerPoints
... The supply of loanable funds comes from saving: Households use their saving to make bank deposits, purchase bonds and other assets. These funds become available to firms to borrow to finance investment spending. ...
... The supply of loanable funds comes from saving: Households use their saving to make bank deposits, purchase bonds and other assets. These funds become available to firms to borrow to finance investment spending. ...
Wage-led versus profit-led demand regimes:
... the former is driving the latter.4 Stockhammer and Michell (2014) demonstrate theoretically that Minskyan debt dynamics based on financial fragility can foster cycles in which aggregate demand appears to be profit-led when no causal linkage between distribution and demand is assumed, or even if dema ...
... the former is driving the latter.4 Stockhammer and Michell (2014) demonstrate theoretically that Minskyan debt dynamics based on financial fragility can foster cycles in which aggregate demand appears to be profit-led when no causal linkage between distribution and demand is assumed, or even if dema ...
opening the pandora`s box? trade openness and informal
... the total volume of goods and services in a country1; its size varying among nations, been relatively greater for developing economies than developed economies2. We find empirical evidence from 18 Central and East European (CEE) and former Soviet Union (FSU) countries that trade openness is positive ...
... the total volume of goods and services in a country1; its size varying among nations, been relatively greater for developing economies than developed economies2. We find empirical evidence from 18 Central and East European (CEE) and former Soviet Union (FSU) countries that trade openness is positive ...
Modeling the Economy as a Whole: An Integrative Approach
... The social surplus includes “extra” intermediate inputs and final goods and services that go into inventory. However, since the inventory of goods and services constitutes less than plus or minus 1 percent of total economic activity, they will, for this article, be ignored by assuming that all of Q1 ...
... The social surplus includes “extra” intermediate inputs and final goods and services that go into inventory. However, since the inventory of goods and services constitutes less than plus or minus 1 percent of total economic activity, they will, for this article, be ignored by assuming that all of Q1 ...
Conspicuous Consumption as Routine Expenditures
... these “outputs” requires the purchase of commodities. Thus, within the capitalist economy the reciprocal or gift-exchange relations within and among households (such as cooking and care for a family member) cannot be sustained without access to the available social surplus. Nonmonetary activities su ...
... these “outputs” requires the purchase of commodities. Thus, within the capitalist economy the reciprocal or gift-exchange relations within and among households (such as cooking and care for a family member) cannot be sustained without access to the available social surplus. Nonmonetary activities su ...
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... corner. . . . Economies are behaving unpredictably and will continue to do so. The instability is both cause and consequence of the great uncertainty that has been spreading out from the financial markets. Fearful and confused, people react erratically to changing news, reinforcing confused market b ...
... corner. . . . Economies are behaving unpredictably and will continue to do so. The instability is both cause and consequence of the great uncertainty that has been spreading out from the financial markets. Fearful and confused, people react erratically to changing news, reinforcing confused market b ...
Contemporary Capitalism
... question in radical political economy circles with the emergence of the so-called Keynesian welfare state: ‘has capitalism changed?’ (Strachey 1957; Tsuru 1961).Theorists for the communist parties in particular took the suspension of competition by monopolisation even further and argued that contemp ...
... question in radical political economy circles with the emergence of the so-called Keynesian welfare state: ‘has capitalism changed?’ (Strachey 1957; Tsuru 1961).Theorists for the communist parties in particular took the suspension of competition by monopolisation even further and argued that contemp ...
Wage-led versus profit-led demand regimes: The long and the short
... witnessed during the period from 1960 to 1980.... The disappointing performance raises the question of why the redistribution of income from wages to profits in a supposedly profit-led demand regime has so far failed to bring about a more adequate long-run economic performance. (Storm and Naastepad ...
... witnessed during the period from 1960 to 1980.... The disappointing performance raises the question of why the redistribution of income from wages to profits in a supposedly profit-led demand regime has so far failed to bring about a more adequate long-run economic performance. (Storm and Naastepad ...
The State of Working America 12th Edition
... supports such as unemployment insurance and food stamps, as well as expansionary monetary policy. But, just as patients prescribed antibiotics should not stop taking them as soon as their immediate symptoms fade, we must not remove economic supports before full economic health has been genuinely res ...
... supports such as unemployment insurance and food stamps, as well as expansionary monetary policy. But, just as patients prescribed antibiotics should not stop taking them as soon as their immediate symptoms fade, we must not remove economic supports before full economic health has been genuinely res ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 3: National Income
... • Households use their saving to make bank deposits, purchase bonds and other assets. These funds become available to firms to borrow to finance investment spending. • The government may also contribute to saving if it does not spend all of the tax ...
... • Households use their saving to make bank deposits, purchase bonds and other assets. These funds become available to firms to borrow to finance investment spending. • The government may also contribute to saving if it does not spend all of the tax ...
The Keynesian Theory of Business Cycles and Macroeconomic
... Copyright © 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. ...
... Copyright © 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 3: National Income
... Marginal product of labor (MPL) An approximate definition (used in text) : The extra output the firm can produce using one additional labor (holding other ...
... Marginal product of labor (MPL) An approximate definition (used in text) : The extra output the firm can produce using one additional labor (holding other ...
Economic Evaluation on Green Architecture System
... Suppose we randomly select the quantity of the first term is 30, and the next one is 10, how should we calculate the NPV for the allocation? The present value of net benefit for the first term is the area between 0 to 30 and under the demand curve and above the supply curve, that is, (1/2) X (16-4) ...
... Suppose we randomly select the quantity of the first term is 30, and the next one is 10, how should we calculate the NPV for the allocation? The present value of net benefit for the first term is the area between 0 to 30 and under the demand curve and above the supply curve, that is, (1/2) X (16-4) ...
4. Supply and Demand Developments
... 4. Supply and Demand Developments In the last quarter of 2014, GDP grew by 2.6 percent on an annual basis. Thus, growth rate in 2014 reached 2.9 percent, also supported by the upward revisions in the data pertaining to preceding periods. On the production front, the value added of sectors excluding ...
... 4. Supply and Demand Developments In the last quarter of 2014, GDP grew by 2.6 percent on an annual basis. Thus, growth rate in 2014 reached 2.9 percent, also supported by the upward revisions in the data pertaining to preceding periods. On the production front, the value added of sectors excluding ...
The Determinants of Labour Demand in the Lubelskie Voivodship
... 1 Labour demand and its determinants Labour demand denotes the overall demand for the working force reported by economic entities, and is identified as the number of occupied (fulfilled demand) jobs, and vacancies (unfulfilled demand). The sum of occupied jobs is commonly referred to as “employed p ...
... 1 Labour demand and its determinants Labour demand denotes the overall demand for the working force reported by economic entities, and is identified as the number of occupied (fulfilled demand) jobs, and vacancies (unfulfilled demand). The sum of occupied jobs is commonly referred to as “employed p ...
20110126 IAS 107 pset2 with answers
... nothing to do with the capital-output ratio--that is s/(n+g+d). And the diminishing returns parameter has nothing to do with the growth rate--that is g. What the diminishing returns parameter does determine is the level of output per worker Y/L at any point in time. 8. Botswana: In the 1950s Botswan ...
... nothing to do with the capital-output ratio--that is s/(n+g+d). And the diminishing returns parameter has nothing to do with the growth rate--that is g. What the diminishing returns parameter does determine is the level of output per worker Y/L at any point in time. 8. Botswana: In the 1950s Botswan ...
The evolution and impact of unconditional cash transfers in South
... are unable to support themselves. Permanent grants are awarded to those who are permanently disabled. Temporary grants are awarded for a shorter period, for example six months, to those who are expected to regain the ability to support themselves. Numbers for the disability grant increased significa ...
... are unable to support themselves. Permanent grants are awarded to those who are permanently disabled. Temporary grants are awarded for a shorter period, for example six months, to those who are expected to regain the ability to support themselves. Numbers for the disability grant increased significa ...