Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine and Dopamine
... • First Neurotransmitter to be identified and most common in the human body • Function: – Helps control muscle contraction – Plays a role in the development of memory of the hippocampus • Hippocampus: Part of the brain responsible for converting short-term memory into long-term memory ...
... • First Neurotransmitter to be identified and most common in the human body • Function: – Helps control muscle contraction – Plays a role in the development of memory of the hippocampus • Hippocampus: Part of the brain responsible for converting short-term memory into long-term memory ...
File - Respiratory Therapy Files
... monitor I/O and watch for edema •Teach patient and family signs and symptoms and when to report them •Safety precautions ...
... monitor I/O and watch for edema •Teach patient and family signs and symptoms and when to report them •Safety precautions ...
Activity 2 The Brain and Drugs - URMC
... (receiving branches) and a long axon (conducting branch). The axon is covered by an insulating myelin sheath. The axon ends in branches with terminal branches (sending branches). The knobs on the ends of the terminal branches contain vesicles that store and release neurotransmitters. Neurons conduct ...
... (receiving branches) and a long axon (conducting branch). The axon is covered by an insulating myelin sheath. The axon ends in branches with terminal branches (sending branches). The knobs on the ends of the terminal branches contain vesicles that store and release neurotransmitters. Neurons conduct ...
1. GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY
... muscle has to be larger than -40 mV. These spikes trigger a true action potential, which in turn controls contractile activity. The spike potential increases in frequency when the slow wave resting membrane potential is higher (Figs. ...
... muscle has to be larger than -40 mV. These spikes trigger a true action potential, which in turn controls contractile activity. The spike potential increases in frequency when the slow wave resting membrane potential is higher (Figs. ...
1. nervous system
... being covered or constrained by a multilayer protective membrane of connective tissue called the meninges. The CNS is supported by a variety of cells, called glial cells, which perform very specific functions to protect, or to enhance its functioning (Fig. 1-6). The supportive activities are of vari ...
... being covered or constrained by a multilayer protective membrane of connective tissue called the meninges. The CNS is supported by a variety of cells, called glial cells, which perform very specific functions to protect, or to enhance its functioning (Fig. 1-6). The supportive activities are of vari ...
Ch6 - Unit3Biology
... contain chemicals called neurotransmitters – Each axonal terminal is separated from the next neuron by a tiny gap called the synaptic cleft – Such a functional junction is called a synapse ...
... contain chemicals called neurotransmitters – Each axonal terminal is separated from the next neuron by a tiny gap called the synaptic cleft – Such a functional junction is called a synapse ...
Chapter 48
... A microelectrode is made from a glass capillary tube filled with an electrically conductive salt solution. One end of the tube tapers to an extremely fine tip (diameter < 1 µm). While looking through a microscope, the experimenter uses a micropositioner to insert the tip of the microelectrode into a ...
... A microelectrode is made from a glass capillary tube filled with an electrically conductive salt solution. One end of the tube tapers to an extremely fine tip (diameter < 1 µm). While looking through a microscope, the experimenter uses a micropositioner to insert the tip of the microelectrode into a ...
How Do Neurons Convey Information?
... that modifications of a neuron’s charge travel along the axon as a wave. Successive waves constitute the message that the neuron conveys. Notice that it is not the charge but the wave that travels along the axon. To understand the difference, consider other kinds of waves. If you drop a stone into a ...
... that modifications of a neuron’s charge travel along the axon as a wave. Successive waves constitute the message that the neuron conveys. Notice that it is not the charge but the wave that travels along the axon. To understand the difference, consider other kinds of waves. If you drop a stone into a ...
Essentials of Human Anatomy Special Senses Special Senses
... • Optic disc lacks photoreceptors. • Called the blind spot because no image forms there. • Just lateral to the optic disc is a rounded, yellowish region of the retina called the macula lutea containing a pit called the fovea centralis (the area of sharpest vision). – contains the highest proportion ...
... • Optic disc lacks photoreceptors. • Called the blind spot because no image forms there. • Just lateral to the optic disc is a rounded, yellowish region of the retina called the macula lutea containing a pit called the fovea centralis (the area of sharpest vision). – contains the highest proportion ...
Chapter 11 Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control
... of swollen areas which look like beads on a string Swollen areas are called varicosities Each varicosity contains vesicles filled with neurotransmitter The branched end of the axon lies across the surface of the target tissue ...
... of swollen areas which look like beads on a string Swollen areas are called varicosities Each varicosity contains vesicles filled with neurotransmitter The branched end of the axon lies across the surface of the target tissue ...
Psychology 101 - Psychological Sciences
... procedures. Random assignment is used to ensure that: a. a representative sample of participants is initially selected b. expectancy effects are minimized within the experiment c. the independent variable will be reliable and valid d. the experimental and the control group are as similar as possible ...
... procedures. Random assignment is used to ensure that: a. a representative sample of participants is initially selected b. expectancy effects are minimized within the experiment c. the independent variable will be reliable and valid d. the experimental and the control group are as similar as possible ...
Nerve Cells - Dr Magrann
... NERVE: collection of axons in the PNS. No cell bodies, dendrites, or synapses; just axons. TRACT: collection of axons in the CNS e.g. conveys information (axons) from the left to the right side of the brain. SYNAPSES: Where information is processed. Most synapses are in the CNS GANGLION: A collectio ...
... NERVE: collection of axons in the PNS. No cell bodies, dendrites, or synapses; just axons. TRACT: collection of axons in the CNS e.g. conveys information (axons) from the left to the right side of the brain. SYNAPSES: Where information is processed. Most synapses are in the CNS GANGLION: A collectio ...
Sheet#6 Motor system
... * Action potential being through nerve then acetylcholine is released which effect postsynaptic on muscle and contraction is accomplished. *Motor neurons are present in the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord (where a neuron cell body is found), the axon of each neuron then travels to muscles for ...
... * Action potential being through nerve then acetylcholine is released which effect postsynaptic on muscle and contraction is accomplished. *Motor neurons are present in the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord (where a neuron cell body is found), the axon of each neuron then travels to muscles for ...
Name - IB Bio Y2
... brain stem have irreversibly lost all neurological function”. The pupil reflex, along with other tests, is useful because it is a cranial reflex rather than a spinal reflex. Some spinal reflexes, such as the knee jerk reflex, may still be active during brain death because they do not rely on brain a ...
... brain stem have irreversibly lost all neurological function”. The pupil reflex, along with other tests, is useful because it is a cranial reflex rather than a spinal reflex. Some spinal reflexes, such as the knee jerk reflex, may still be active during brain death because they do not rely on brain a ...
Physiology of muscles and nerves
... (1) Passive outward diffusion of K+ ions (diffusion potential) (figure 4.2) which alone is responsible for about 95% of RMP than will the inward diffusion of Na+ ions. This is because the permeability of the membrane to K+ ions is 100 times more than Na+ channels. This outward diffusion of K+ will c ...
... (1) Passive outward diffusion of K+ ions (diffusion potential) (figure 4.2) which alone is responsible for about 95% of RMP than will the inward diffusion of Na+ ions. This is because the permeability of the membrane to K+ ions is 100 times more than Na+ channels. This outward diffusion of K+ will c ...
General Senses Complete
... React to stimuli in the external environment Usually found close to the body surface Example: receptors in the skin, vision apparatus of the eye, receptors in the ear Interoceptors (visceroceptors): respond to stimuli within the body Are found in the internal organs Include stretch receptors (found ...
... React to stimuli in the external environment Usually found close to the body surface Example: receptors in the skin, vision apparatus of the eye, receptors in the ear Interoceptors (visceroceptors): respond to stimuli within the body Are found in the internal organs Include stretch receptors (found ...
Abbreviated 11-15
... P type = (also known as beta or midget ganglion cells) are believed to be responsible for detecting details in vision. M type = (also known as alpha or parasol ganglion cells) are believed to be responsible for detecting motion. nonM-nonP type =are a diverse group of cell types that make up the rema ...
... P type = (also known as beta or midget ganglion cells) are believed to be responsible for detecting details in vision. M type = (also known as alpha or parasol ganglion cells) are believed to be responsible for detecting motion. nonM-nonP type =are a diverse group of cell types that make up the rema ...
Motor Units and Motor Neuron Disease
... As mentioned in the pathophysiology section, there are a wide variety of triggers implicated in the motor neurone degeneration seen in ALS. The main two implicated currently implicated in ALS are: Oxidative damage – as a result of a mutant SOD1, superoxide radicals accumulate hence cause damage. Thi ...
... As mentioned in the pathophysiology section, there are a wide variety of triggers implicated in the motor neurone degeneration seen in ALS. The main two implicated currently implicated in ALS are: Oxidative damage – as a result of a mutant SOD1, superoxide radicals accumulate hence cause damage. Thi ...
Chapter 10 – Sensory Physiology
... 8. Outline transduction of sound by ear. (Auricle and auditory canal lead sound waves to tympanic membrane malleus incus stapes membrane of oval window perilymph in vestibular duct vestibular membrane endolymph in cochlear duct basilar membrane hair cells in organ of Corti move up ...
... 8. Outline transduction of sound by ear. (Auricle and auditory canal lead sound waves to tympanic membrane malleus incus stapes membrane of oval window perilymph in vestibular duct vestibular membrane endolymph in cochlear duct basilar membrane hair cells in organ of Corti move up ...
Impact of Correlated inputs on Simple Neural Models
... of the recipient neuron The effect is qualitatively independent of the neural model The neurons have specific preferences to certain levels of correlations in input trains The temporal correlation can dramatically modulate the neural responsiveness ...
... of the recipient neuron The effect is qualitatively independent of the neural model The neurons have specific preferences to certain levels of correlations in input trains The temporal correlation can dramatically modulate the neural responsiveness ...
gustatory and olfactory senses
... generate an action potential if the incoming stimuli are sufficient for the neuron to reach threshold (see section on Communication - the nervous system for further details about how this occurs). Increases in receptor potential intensity are translated into a higher frequency of action potentials i ...
... generate an action potential if the incoming stimuli are sufficient for the neuron to reach threshold (see section on Communication - the nervous system for further details about how this occurs). Increases in receptor potential intensity are translated into a higher frequency of action potentials i ...
Document
... HH52 contains four independent variables: one stands for the action potential producing spikes, and three for the probabilities of the membrane ion gates to be open or closed. Being 4-dimentional, this model covers the resting-and-bursting intermittency, but it is too sophisticated for regular studi ...
... HH52 contains four independent variables: one stands for the action potential producing spikes, and three for the probabilities of the membrane ion gates to be open or closed. Being 4-dimentional, this model covers the resting-and-bursting intermittency, but it is too sophisticated for regular studi ...
A comparision of Hodgkin-Huxley and soliton neural theories
... voltage-clamp circuit to facilitate quantitative measurement of ionic currents from squid axon. The step depolarization of squid axon triggering an inward current followed by an outward current was then proved by Hodgkin and Huxley. With the aid of ionic substitution, they demonstrated that this net ...
... voltage-clamp circuit to facilitate quantitative measurement of ionic currents from squid axon. The step depolarization of squid axon triggering an inward current followed by an outward current was then proved by Hodgkin and Huxley. With the aid of ionic substitution, they demonstrated that this net ...
The Muscular System
... • Fascicles- groups of skeletal muscle fibers • Perimysium- connective tissue that binds together fascicles. • Epimysium- fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of fascicles. ...
... • Fascicles- groups of skeletal muscle fibers • Perimysium- connective tissue that binds together fascicles. • Epimysium- fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of fascicles. ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.