Motor systems
... A. control over facial muscles; bilateral input to motor neurons controlling muscles in upper face, but contralateral input to motor neurons controlling lower face (in humans, not sure about rodents) B. control over muscles of mastication: motor trigeminal, and RF C. control over external eye mus ...
... A. control over facial muscles; bilateral input to motor neurons controlling muscles in upper face, but contralateral input to motor neurons controlling lower face (in humans, not sure about rodents) B. control over muscles of mastication: motor trigeminal, and RF C. control over external eye mus ...
Physiology
... These are circuits in which several interneuron's are arranged to form an open circuit (fig. 2-7). When interneuron (1) is excited, it sends a signal to the output neuron and collateral to excite interneuron (2). Interneuron (2) then sends a signal to the output neuron and collateral to excite inter ...
... These are circuits in which several interneuron's are arranged to form an open circuit (fig. 2-7). When interneuron (1) is excited, it sends a signal to the output neuron and collateral to excite interneuron (2). Interneuron (2) then sends a signal to the output neuron and collateral to excite inter ...
Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELL
... spinal cord; the PNS contains [a] sensory or afferent neurons which transmit nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS, and [b] motor or efferent neurons which transmit nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands. The PNS is divided into three major subdivisions: a. voluntary somatic ne ...
... spinal cord; the PNS contains [a] sensory or afferent neurons which transmit nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS, and [b] motor or efferent neurons which transmit nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands. The PNS is divided into three major subdivisions: a. voluntary somatic ne ...
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... - The white matter surrounds the grey matter. It contains the spinal tracts which ascend and descend the spinal cord. Surrounding both the spinal cord and the brain are the meninges, a three layered covering of connective tissue. - The dura mater is the tough outer layer. - Beneath the dura is the a ...
... - The white matter surrounds the grey matter. It contains the spinal tracts which ascend and descend the spinal cord. Surrounding both the spinal cord and the brain are the meninges, a three layered covering of connective tissue. - The dura mater is the tough outer layer. - Beneath the dura is the a ...
PNS Terminology
... – essential for planning, initiating and directing sequences of voluntary movements – extend from the brain to the LMNs via two types of somatic motor pathways • 1. direct motor pathways: nerve impulses for precise voluntary movement – lateral corticospinal, anterior corticospinal and corticobulbar ...
... – essential for planning, initiating and directing sequences of voluntary movements – extend from the brain to the LMNs via two types of somatic motor pathways • 1. direct motor pathways: nerve impulses for precise voluntary movement – lateral corticospinal, anterior corticospinal and corticobulbar ...
Integrate-and-Fire Neurons and Networks
... the conditional interval distribution P (t|t̂, I(.)) is not known. As an alternative to eq. (7), the state of the population can be described by the distribution of membrane potentials P (u, t) (Abbott and van Vreeswijk, 1993; Brunel 2000; Nykamp and Tranchina 2000). At each moment of time P (u, t) ...
... the conditional interval distribution P (t|t̂, I(.)) is not known. As an alternative to eq. (7), the state of the population can be described by the distribution of membrane potentials P (u, t) (Abbott and van Vreeswijk, 1993; Brunel 2000; Nykamp and Tranchina 2000). At each moment of time P (u, t) ...
ACTION POTENTIAL THRESHOLD OF HIPPOCAMPAL
... inhibition is due to modulation of intrinsic voltagegated conductances, then manipulation of the membrane potential between action potentials is expected to in£uence the threshold of subsequent action potentials. We tested this hypothesis by triggering hyperpolarizing current injections (0.1^2 nA fo ...
... inhibition is due to modulation of intrinsic voltagegated conductances, then manipulation of the membrane potential between action potentials is expected to in£uence the threshold of subsequent action potentials. We tested this hypothesis by triggering hyperpolarizing current injections (0.1^2 nA fo ...
KUMC 31 Nasal Cavity Student
... Created by named muscle. Muscle extends from auditory tube cartilage to palatopharyngeus muscle. ...
... Created by named muscle. Muscle extends from auditory tube cartilage to palatopharyngeus muscle. ...
The Peripheral Nervous System
... Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions Sympathetic and Parasympathetic have separate pathways Effectors may have dual innervation, that is they have input from both types of pathways Parasympathetic – “rest-and-repair” Sympathetic – “fight-or-flight” ...
... Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions Sympathetic and Parasympathetic have separate pathways Effectors may have dual innervation, that is they have input from both types of pathways Parasympathetic – “rest-and-repair” Sympathetic – “fight-or-flight” ...
Bio 103 Nervous System
... uses ATP as energy source to move these ions] - used to maintain the resting potential (______) ...
... uses ATP as energy source to move these ions] - used to maintain the resting potential (______) ...
Human Physiology/The Nervous System
... possibility of an axon discharge. If they are both equal to their charges, then the Nerve Synapse operation will cancel itself out. There are two types of summation: spatial and temporal. Spatial summation requires several excitatory synapses (firing several times) to add up,thus causing an axon dis ...
... possibility of an axon discharge. If they are both equal to their charges, then the Nerve Synapse operation will cancel itself out. There are two types of summation: spatial and temporal. Spatial summation requires several excitatory synapses (firing several times) to add up,thus causing an axon dis ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and
... • Divergence of Signals a. Amplifying-an input signal spreads to an increasing number of neurons as it passes through successive orders of neurons in its path b. Divergence in multiple tracts- the signal is transmitted into two directions from the pool; information transmitted up the dorsal column f ...
... • Divergence of Signals a. Amplifying-an input signal spreads to an increasing number of neurons as it passes through successive orders of neurons in its path b. Divergence in multiple tracts- the signal is transmitted into two directions from the pool; information transmitted up the dorsal column f ...
Slide ()
... The muscle spindle detects changes in muscle length. A. The main components of the muscle spindle are intrafusal muscle fibers, afferent sensory endings, and efferent motor endings. The intrafusal fibers are specialized muscle fibers with central regions that are not contractile. Gamma motor neurons ...
... The muscle spindle detects changes in muscle length. A. The main components of the muscle spindle are intrafusal muscle fibers, afferent sensory endings, and efferent motor endings. The intrafusal fibers are specialized muscle fibers with central regions that are not contractile. Gamma motor neurons ...
Neurons
... the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands ...
... the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands ...
Sensory receptors
... electrochemical energy. . • sensory transduction mediated through opening or closing specific ion channels. • receptor potential - changes in membrane potential (depolarization or hyperpolarization) sensory receptors as a result, the opening or closing of ion channels. ...
... electrochemical energy. . • sensory transduction mediated through opening or closing specific ion channels. • receptor potential - changes in membrane potential (depolarization or hyperpolarization) sensory receptors as a result, the opening or closing of ion channels. ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... firing in spiny neurons of the rat neostriatum in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2358–2364, 1998. Both silent and spontaneously firing spiny projection neurons have been described in the neostriatum, but the reason for their differences in firing activity are unknown. We compared properties of spontaneo ...
... firing in spiny neurons of the rat neostriatum in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2358–2364, 1998. Both silent and spontaneously firing spiny projection neurons have been described in the neostriatum, but the reason for their differences in firing activity are unknown. We compared properties of spontaneo ...
P312Ch02_Nervous System, Neurons Lecture
... Language of the Neuron: The action potential The action potential occurs as a result of a brief change in the makeup of the neuron’s membrane. When that change occurs Na+ ions move into the neuron and the voltage of the interior of the neuron – going from -.070 to + .040 in a fraction of a second. W ...
... Language of the Neuron: The action potential The action potential occurs as a result of a brief change in the makeup of the neuron’s membrane. When that change occurs Na+ ions move into the neuron and the voltage of the interior of the neuron – going from -.070 to + .040 in a fraction of a second. W ...
L15-physiology of smell & taste
... Physiology of olfaction • Molecules dissolve in mucus layer »»»» combine with receptors on cilia • »»»» stimulate adenylat cyclase »»»» increase intracellular cAMP • »»»» opening of Na channels »»»» receptors potential »»»» AP in olfactory pathway ...
... Physiology of olfaction • Molecules dissolve in mucus layer »»»» combine with receptors on cilia • »»»» stimulate adenylat cyclase »»»» increase intracellular cAMP • »»»» opening of Na channels »»»» receptors potential »»»» AP in olfactory pathway ...
UNIVERSITY OF MALTA
... oscillations (Crunelli et al., 2005). In particular, the transient opening of T-type Ca2+ channels gives rise to low threshold Ca2+ potentials and associated high frequency bursts of action potentials that are present during sleep spindles and delta wave. In addition, the window component of the T-t ...
... oscillations (Crunelli et al., 2005). In particular, the transient opening of T-type Ca2+ channels gives rise to low threshold Ca2+ potentials and associated high frequency bursts of action potentials that are present during sleep spindles and delta wave. In addition, the window component of the T-t ...
Anatomy and Physiology
... They lack actin and myosin, so they can’t contract They do contain two types of sensory receptors They monitor changes in the length of a skeletal muscle by responding to the rate and degree of change in length The information gets sent to the brain ...
... They lack actin and myosin, so they can’t contract They do contain two types of sensory receptors They monitor changes in the length of a skeletal muscle by responding to the rate and degree of change in length The information gets sent to the brain ...
CNS Anatomy 2 **You need to study the slide hand in hand with this
... CNS Anatomy 2 **You need to study the slide hand in hand with this sheet because some texts and tables are not mentioned by the dr. in the lecture. -We have known that the neuron has two types of processes: 1- Dendrites which receive the impulses trough the synapse, 2- The axon which is single and i ...
... CNS Anatomy 2 **You need to study the slide hand in hand with this sheet because some texts and tables are not mentioned by the dr. in the lecture. -We have known that the neuron has two types of processes: 1- Dendrites which receive the impulses trough the synapse, 2- The axon which is single and i ...
The Muscular System
... Direct ____________________ of ADP by ______________ ____________________ (CP) Muscle cells store _____ CP is a _________-___________ molecule _____________ ATP is ______________, ADP is _______ _____ transfers ______________ to _______, to regenerate _______ CP _______________ are _____ ...
... Direct ____________________ of ADP by ______________ ____________________ (CP) Muscle cells store _____ CP is a _________-___________ molecule _____________ ATP is ______________, ADP is _______ _____ transfers ______________ to _______, to regenerate _______ CP _______________ are _____ ...
sensory receptors
... 3. Transducers, which convert the energy of the stimulus into an electric response, i.e. a membrane potential which generates an action potential in the afferent nerve. 4. Gauges, which measure the intensity of the stimulus. Accordingly, it can be concluded that without receptors, the CNS becomes al ...
... 3. Transducers, which convert the energy of the stimulus into an electric response, i.e. a membrane potential which generates an action potential in the afferent nerve. 4. Gauges, which measure the intensity of the stimulus. Accordingly, it can be concluded that without receptors, the CNS becomes al ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.